Activities Of Small Enterprises Research Articles

Determinants of Innovation Activities in Small Enterprises: A Model Approach

Purpose: The article aims to develop a model explaining the undertaking of Polish small enterprises' innovation activities. Design/Methodology/Approach: There are many classifications of the factors that stimulate or inhibit small enterprises' innovation activity. Generally, they are considered in two domains – as external and internal determinants. Empirical studies were conducted in 2015 on a representative sample of 202 Polish small enterprises using the CAPI method. Analysis of the significance of the impact of key internal and external factors on small enterprises' innovation activity was based on a logit regression model. Findings: The results indicate the significance of seven of the 25 key factors included in the model. These statistically significant determinants of Polish small enterprises' innovation activity exhibited both positive and negative impacts on undertaking innovative undertakings. Practical Implications: The identified determinants of innovation activity may guide managers of such companies. The presented model shows which factors stimulate the process of implementing innovations and which inhibit it. Originality/value: The research identifies the external and internal determinants of innovation activity in Polish small companies. These results can be compared with results in other countries, where the conditions for conducting innovation activities are often completely different.

Ризик-менеджмент у господарській діяльності малих підприємств: сучасні імперативи

Introduction. Small business is a basis of market relations, creating new working places, paying mandatory payments to budget, being able to adapt quickly to market needs. Like any economic entity, small businesses operate at risk. However, the risk that causes little discomfort to a large enterprise can be catastrophic for a small business. Purpose. Research of modern risks in the activity of small business and preconditions for using of risk management in their economic activity. Results. It is noted that risks are inherent in any stage of entrepreneurial activity, the essence of which involves their acceptance and processing. It is indicated that small business, as an important component of market relations, is more sensitive to various risks compared to large businesses. Identification and effective risk management in nowadays challenges is a necessary component of any enterprise’s management, especially of small businesses. It is noted that the risk management system, which is aimed at ensuring the required level of enterprise’s resilience to possible threats to its sustainable development, involves the involvement of specialists managers. However, in a small business, these functions are usually entrusted to a manager who performs various tasks at the same time. The main groups of risks of economic activity of small enterprises in Ukraine at the present stage, considering their origin, level of influence, spheres and scales of distribution (market, administrative and legal, financial, personnel, investment and innovation, reputation, commercial, information and digital, globalization risks) are presented and characterized. Modern characteristic features of domestic practice in risk management which cause additional difficulties, in particular, in small business activity are presented: non-transparency of economic processes, lack of standards of risk management and appropriate culture of risk management; lack of professionals in the field of risk management with sufficient practical experience. Conclusions. It is proposed to carry out risk management at all stages of the life cycle of products (services), involving specialists from all departments (areas of activity), taking into account the advice of external experts, analyzing the actions of competitors.

Методологические аспекты оценки инновационной деятельности малых предприятий в наукоградах

The article analyzes the current state of innovation activity of small enterprises. Based on the statistical data there are presented such parameters as the proportion of small enterprises engaged in innovative activities, proportion of innovative goods and services of small enterprises, cost of the innovation activities of small enterprises. There has been mentioned the importance of the assessment of innovative activity as a means of timely identification of problems and building solutions to improve the activity of the innovative enterprises in the science city and to increase their efficiency. As a result of the analysis, the main components of innovation activity in the science cities needed for the objective assessment have been identified. The proposed assessment is based on the principles of consistency, systematicity, complexity, practical orientation, scientific character, optimality, democracy, and reliability. In accordance with the developed principles, there has been described the proposed approach to assessing the innovation activity in the science cities. The requirements for developing assessment parameters are identified and its methodological provisions are formulated, where the goal, objectives, principles, the process of assessing, etc. are stated in a logical sequence. The sequence of the process includes forming the staff responsible for the assessment, calculating indicators, interpretation of the results. The coefficients, such as the level of added value, the profitability of intangible assets, the assessment of investments in the implementation and development of R&D, the volume of commercialized R&D have been proposed to take into account as assessment parameters. On the basis of small innovative enterprises of the science city of Korolev SPE Inkar-M LLC, SPE Impulse LLC, Robotmash LLC there has been carried out the approbation of the assessment, the results of which gave the highest rates of their innovative activity.

Institutional environment for the development of small business in the Mari El Republic: A tax aspect

Subject. Small business plays an important role in solving social and economic problems. Tax system is one of the most important institutions that have an impact on the activity of small enterprises. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to formulate the priorities of tax policy in the Mari El Republic on the basis of assessing the level of small business development. Methods. For the study, I used structural and analytical grouping, comparison, time series study as well as the abstract-logical techniques. Results. The article assesses the implementation of the main target indicators of small business development in the Mari El Republic. The research is of a scientific and applied nature. Its results can be used to formulate a regional tax policy in the field of small and medium-sized business in Mari El Republic. Conclusions. The provided opportunities in the field of tax regulation as well as the practicality of increasing regional competencies in the field of tax incentives for small business should be more used in the Mari El Republic.

The financial mechanism of small enterprises innovation activities

Relevance of the research topic. Increasing capital is one of the most important challenges for ensuring sustainability and growth opportunities for small enterprises both in Ukraine and abroad. Successful activities of small enterprises require constant competitive advantages through the implementation of innovative development models. Integration of Ukrainian enterprises into the global economy is impossible without investing in their innovative development, aimed at overcoming the economic lag behind developed countries, because in an era of dynamic globalization changes, competitiveness depends primarily on the ability to implement innovative projects, which requires significant financial resources. Formulation of the problem. Attracting financial resources to the innovative activities of small enterprises is especially problematic. The main reasons for this situation are high interest rates in Ukraine, the reluctance of the banking sector to lend to projects with a high degree of uncertainty and the weak development of non-traditional forms and methods of attracting financing in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of innovative activity of small enterprises and the mechanisms of its financial support were investigated by A. Bondarenko, G. Wozniak, O. Denysenko, V. Zianko, A. Kuznetsova, M. Melnyk, V. Nevmerzhitsky, Yu. Nikitin, Dong Xinyin, N. Stasyuk, A. Cherep, S. Khvalynsky and others. Setting goals, research objectives. The aim of the article is to determine the economic content of the financial mechanism and find out the sources of financing the small enterprises innovative activity and to develop ways to increase the efficiency of small enterprises financial mechanism of innovative activity in Ukraine. The method and methodology of the study. The article used a set of methods of scientific research: a systematic approach, structuring, analysis and synthesis, etc. Conclusions according to the article. The article reveals the essence of the financial support mechanism and its specifics for the innovative activity of small enterprises. The necessity of ensuring small enterprises competitive advantages through the implementation of innovative development models is substantiated. It was stated that most Ukrainian enterprises are now experiencing a shortage of their own funds, and attracting investment is problematic. The main reasons for the difficult access of small enterprises to financial resources are analyzed. Directions of increasing small enterprises financial mechanism of innovative activity efficiency are proposed.

Integral evaluation of the activity of small enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of structural transformation of the national economy

Integral evaluation of the activity of small enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of structural transformation of the national economy

Integral evaluation of the activity of small enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of structural transformation of the national economy

Integral evaluation of the activity of small enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of structural transformation of the national economy

Conceptual approaches to the formation of regional economic clusters

Clustering of the economy of individual territories determines the most effective integration their into the world economic system, makes it possible for the accumulation and optimal use of resources from the point of view of global trends, contributes to the efficiency of state industrial policy. Clusters have become one of the main driving forces and determinants of regional competitiveness, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by world experience. They make it possible to increase the competitiveness not only of their enterprises, but also of specific industries within the region, as well as to expand the introduction of innovations, reduce transaction costs, develop and strengthen the relationship between business, science and the state. The resulting synergistic effect of creating a cluster is not only to increase the efficiency of its work as a whole in comparison with the efficiency of individual participants, but also to mutually strengthen the competitive position of both industry production and its home territory.The content characteristic of the concept of “economic cluster of the region”, which distinguishes the author’s approach from other well-known scientific approaches by the fact that as part of regional clusters, a special kind of them can be distinguished-an economic cluster of small enterprises, which is a localized and geographically concentrated group of small businesses, interconnected and complementary to each other, has been clarified in the article. In the center of cluster education are one or more large and stable in their development enterprises, that provide effective demand, have common (similar) economic interests, a common development strategy aimed at activating the activities of small enterprises in the region.Small enterprises, that are part of the regional economic cluster can provide the region with a higher level of production efficiency and competitiveness in comparison with other non-systemically organized economic structures.

ПРОБЛЕМНІ АСПЕКТИ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ФІЗИЧНИХ ОСІБ-ПІДПРИЄМЦІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ

Small business is a social and economic phenomenon. Each of those who take part in it can find their place in this sector of the economy. The state, local authorities, economic partners and entrepreneurs receive positive results from the activities of small enterprises. The role and place of small enterprises in the national economy is better manifested in the functions performed by these enterprises. Small business makes a significant contribution to the formation of a competitive environment. There are several conflicts currently. The first is a conflict between individual entrepreneurs and individuals. The second is a conflict between individual entre-preneurs on a simplified taxation system and a common system. Their taxation and the taxation of others differ from each other, which raises a large number of questions and dissatisfaction.The main purpose of the work is to analyse and identify problematic aspects of taxation of entrepreneurs in Ukraine using the example of the hotel business.A simplified taxation system can be chosen by both individual entrepreneurs and legal en-tities. Since the general system is more complicated in its form of taxation (accounting and repor-ting), more and more entrepreneurs are conducting their activities in a simplified taxation system. Hotels, like any other enterprises, can at their discretion choose a taxation system within the limits proposed by the current legislation. Hotels can use a simplified or general taxation system. These two systems have advantages and disadvantages. Individual entrepreneurs choose the most convenient system for themselves. Basically, they work on a simplified system, and this gives rise to a number of contradictions. If we compare an individual who works for an employer and an individual entrepreneur with the same income, then an individual who works for an employer has a higher tax burden.The article examined the simplified and general taxation systems. These systems have both advantages and disadvantages. Individual entrepreneurs choose the most convenient system for themselves, according to their activities. Choosing a simplified system, individual entrepreneurs have an advantage in choosing a group in which they will carry out activities. This allows you to regulate the amount of income, and subsequently the amount of taxes.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE AS A FACTOR OF ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOCIAL AND ORIENTED ECONOMY: NORMATIVE AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS

Introduction. The analysis of existing legal and regulatory aspects of the selection of small businesses (small business entities) in is carried out. It has been established that the Law of On Accounting and Reporting in Ukraine defines the legal and regulatory framework for the organization of accounting and financial reporting; The Tax Code of sets the legal framework for the application of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, as well as the collection of a single tax, and the content and form of the Report of the subjects of entrepreneurial activity is regulated by P (C) BO 25 Financial Report of a Small Business Entity. The methodological approaches to the peculiarities of accounting organization of small businesses enterprises (SMP) are investigated. It is determined that the peculiarities of the organizational and legal structure of small business entities determine the specifics of the organization of accounting at small enterprises, the choice of the form of accounting as a system of registers of accounting of small businesses, the order and method of registration in them. The conditions for using the simple and simplified form of accounting are determined. The main principles of the organization of accounting of the private enterprise PP Prodsnab are considered. It is established that the accounting technique is imperfect and requires some corrections and clarifications. The ways of improving the accounting and application of common methodological approaches to accounting for payments with suppliers and contractors, which provide for correction of errors and the use of correct accounting records, are proposed. It is proved that the main directions of development of small entrepreneurship in is the creation of a permanent regulatory and legal framework, the improvement of tax policy and ensuring the rational functioning of the simplified accounting and taxation system. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the existing regulatory and legal aspects of the selection of small businesses and the study of methodological approaches to the organization of accounting for the activities of small enterprises (small business entities) in Ukraine. Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, methods of causal analysis, table and graphical methods and method of dynamic series have been applied in this research. Results. The peculiarities and legal conflicts of separation of small businesses have been distinguished. The methodological approaches to the organization of accounting for small enterprises have been presented: a general, simplified and simple accounting form. The ways of improving the accounting of a private enterprise for the purpose of applying uniform methodological approaches to the organization of accounting and taxation of small businesses have been developed.

Activity of Small Enterprises and Microenterprises Modeling Based on the Entrepreneur Capital

The purpose of the study is to assess the three-factor production functions that describe dependence of small enterprises and microenterprises turnover on workers wages, investments in fixed capital and the current level of regional entrepreneurial capital development. The study is based on the empirical spatial data characterizing the activities of all small enterprises and microenterprises, as well as the number of large enterprises employees. Official statistical information for 2018 in 82 regions of Russia is used. Study determines factors that influence on turnover such enterprises located in all regions, it proves that there is a significant potential for development of the Russian regional economy using goods and services provided by small enterprises and microenterprises.

The Impact of Small Enterprise Activity on the Regional Development. The Case of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Celem pracy jest zbadanie wpływu działalności małych przedsiębiorstw na wzrost gospodarczy w regionie na przykładzie powiatów w województwie podkarpackim. Badania wykazały, że zarówno wzrost liczby już działających, jak i wzrost liczby nowo zarejestrowanych małych przedsiębiorstw przyczyniają się pozytywnie do rozwoju gospodarczego powiatu mierzonego wartością ogólnej i przypadającej na jednego mieszkańca sprzedaży produkcji wytworzonej na terenie danego powiatu, a także liczbą zatrudnionych w nich pracowników. Badania wskazują również, że na wielkość produkcji przedsiębiorstw zlokalizowanych w danym powiecie pozytywny wpływ ma wzrost zrealizowanych nakładów inwestycyjnych, a także wzrostowy trend PKB w całym województwie. W badaniach wykorzystano dane z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS za lata 2005-2016. Ocenę modeli prowadzono przy użyciu regresji panelowej.

THE CURRENT STATE OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES AT THE UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS

The article presents the results of a survey of organizations – founders of business companies created for the commercialization of the founders' developments. The issues of creating and using scientific and technological reserves in the founder organizations, the role of infrastructure units in supporting the activities of business companies and the founders' assessment of the conditions for the activities of small innovative enterprises are considered. The changes that have occurred in the assessment of various factors affecting the activities of small enterprises, the development trends of the small innovative enterprises sector are shown.

Global challenges to functioning of precious gemstones market

The peculiarities of gemstone market functioning under the impact of globalization are examined. Modern condition of financial stabilization in world is defined and main features of gemstones are outlined. Negative impact of illegal market on socio-economic development of countries, namely on revenues to the country’s budget from the business, is revealed. The importance of the problem of transferring most of gemstones processing operations beyond the countries of production is emphasized. Poor public control over the circulation of precious stones is proven. The challenges are substantiated to be aggravating under the impact of globalization. The diamonds market, which has peculiar high demand, is analyzed: diamonds and derivatives account for 85% of global turnover. Application of managerial strategies for gemstones market to efficiently use resources is defined to be complicated by the fact that managerial strategies impact the high cost of product items and its variability; unique features; intangible qualities; complicated processing. More environmentally friendly production and social responsibility are confirmed to have impact on forming of demand on gemstones. Investment attractiveness of gemstones, except for diamonds, is proven to be low. Condition of production and consumption of diamonds is analyzed. Development condition of the market segment – non-diamonds gemstones – is shown. The activity of small enterprises and households engaged in gemstones production is confirmed to be characterized by chaotic and complicated nature of broker networks, leading to aggravated global challenges. The paper defines that expansion of spectrum and emergence of new opportunities for illegal activity, reduced income and loss of other types of economic benefits, growing negative ecological and social impact, growing exploitation of workers at illegal enterprises remain to be the global challenges of gemstones market functioning. The author suggests increasing of social and ecological responsibility of business, strengthening of the state regulating functions and promotion of gemstones market legalization in order to reduce the challenges.

Methods of estimation of effectiveness of innovative activity of small enterprises

В статье рассматривается понятие инновации и инновационной деятельности как экономических категорий, проводится анализ современных методов оценки эффективности инновационной деятельности предприятий, а также исследованы зарубежные методы оценки.

COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING SMALL ENTERPRISES

The article considers existing criteria of estimation of financing subjects of small business in Germany and Russia for raising its effectiveness for Russia. We analyzed main directions and mechanisms of state support in these countries. The conducted analysis demonstrated that effectiveness indices of the activity of small enterprises in FGR essentially exceed analogous indices of the activity of enterprises of EU countries. A contribution, brought by small enterprises in the development of economy of Germany is just inestimable. For functioning and financing the activity of small enterprises in FGR, there were accepted correspondent normative acts, for example, the Trade code, one of which main statements is the following: family enterprises are encouraged in Germany by giving them the free access at markets, and there are different limitations for big enterprises. The parity of competitive flows is observed by prohibiting small business purchase for big enterprises – in Germany small enterprises are distinctly divided in dependent and independent by strict statistical accounting of these companies. The author denoted base state structures, curating programs for supporting small enterprises in Germany comparing with infrastructures, engaged for supporting subjects of small and middle business, existing in Russia. Unfortunately, program arrangements for supporting subjects of small business in RF don’t include special measures for supporting priority types of activity. The support is mainly directed on certain categories of citizens: unemployed, families with many children, youth and so on.

Conceptual features of the implementation of economic analysis of small businesses

In the presented article, the author considers the features of the economic analysis of the activity of small enterprises for the rationality of their management. The key criterion by which an enterprise of any industry affiliation and organizational and legal form is referred to as a small one is the average number of employees involved in the labor process for the implementation of the main activity for the reporting period.

Improving marketing activities of small enterprises that produce building materials

The article examines the problems of improving the marketing activities of small enterprises that produce construction materials. We propose concrete measures based on the experience of the most advanced enterprises that implement innovations and modern information technologies. The most important of them are a deep marketing analysis of the market situation, promotion of their products and services on the Internet, cooperation with large and medium-sized businesses, the introduction of modern technologies into production and the creation of virtual enterprises. At present, competent marketing and sales policy is one of the main factors for increasing competitiveness. Marketing activities can be tailored to any environment and goods. The marketing policy depends on the market share, market development, competitors' actions, consumer influence and industrial enterprise goals.

Features of Management of Innovative Activity of Small Enterprises

Features of Management of Innovative Activity of Small Enterprises