MDA Activity Research Articles

Bushen-Yizhi formula ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway in D-gal-induced aging rats

BackgroundAs a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, aging has become a heavy health care burden worldwide. Age-related decline in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress is strongly associated with neurodegeneration. The previous study demonstrated that Bushen-Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is effective in reducing neurodegeneration.MethodsThis study is the first to investigate the effect of BSYZ on D-gal-induced learning memory in rats. Secondly, the potential metabolic mechanism of BSYZ was explored by 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis. Then based on the comparison of differential metabolites implied that BSYZ ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction through choline metabolic pathway in D-gal-treated rats. Finally, pharmacological validation was conducted to explore the effects of BSYZ on D-gal-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis.ResultsOur data showed that BSYZ increased aspartate and betaine levels, while decreasing choline levels. Furthermore, BSYZ also increased the proteins level of CHDH and BHMT to regulate choline metabolic pathway. Meanwhile, BSYZ alleviated mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, including enhanced ATP production and the ratio of NAD+/NADH, reduced the level of MDA, enhanced GSH and SOD activity, upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK, SIRT1 proteins. In addition, BSYZ downregulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as suppressed Bcl-2 proteins family dependent apoptosis.ConclusionBSYZ treatment effectively rescues neurobehavioral impairment by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in D-gal-induced aging.

Role of NF-κB/ICAM-1, JAK/STAT-3, and apoptosis signaling in the anticancer effect of tangeretin against urethane-induced lung cancer in BALB/c mice

Lung carcinoma is one of the most prevalent and deadly neoplasia worldwide. Numerous synthetic medications have been used in the treatment of cancer. However, there are several drawbacks, such as side effects and inefficiency. The current study focused on the potential anti-cancer effectiveness of tangeretin, an antioxidant flavonoid, on lung cancer induced experimentally in BALB/c mice and explored the involvement of NF-κB/ICAM-1, JAK/STAT-3, and caspase-3 signaling in its anti-cancer effect. BALB/c mice were injected with urethane (1.5 mg/kg) twice; on the first day and on the 60th day of the experiment, then treated with 200 mg/kg tangeretin orally once daily for the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Compared with urethane group, tangeretin normalized oxidative stress markers; MDA, GSH, and SOD activity. Moreover, it had an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing lung MPO activity, ICAM-1, IL-6, NF-қB, and TNF-α expressions. Interestingly, tangeretin decreased cancer metastasis by reducing p-JAK, JAK, p-STAT-3, and STAT-3 protein expression levels. Furthermore, it increased the apoptotic marker, caspase-3, indicating enhanced apoptosis of cancer cells. Finally, histopathology confirmed the anti-cancer effect of tangeretin. In conclusion, tangeretin could have a promising effect in counteracting lung cancer via modulation of NF-κB/ICAM-1, JAK/STAT-3, and caspase-3 signaling.

Biochemical responses of the giant clam (Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819) and the burrowing sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville, 1825)) to spatial and seasonal variations on the Red Sea coast of Egypt

This study aims to investigate the spatial and seasonal impacts on the biochemical responses of two bioindicators: Tridacna squamosa and Echinometra mathaei which inhabit the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Samples were collected from three sites during the summer of 2019 and the winter of 2020. Total protein, MDA, and enzyme activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in the gonads of the collected samples. The results confirmed that environmental variables vary at both spatial and seasonal levels, where the two species exhibited different patterns of biochemical response to internal and external stresses. In addition, both studied species did not resort to anaerobic respiration as a defense mechanism. Therefore, this study confirms that the use of biomarkers in the field shall be regarded as a general warning of internal and external stress.

Ebselen alleviates white matter lesions and improves cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mice

Oxidative stress is crucial in cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, ameliorating oxidative damage is considered to be a beneficial strategy for the treatment of WMLs. Ebselen (EbSe), a small lipid organoselenium compound, its lipid peroxidation activity is mediated through the glutathione peroxidase-mimetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the role of EbSe in WMLs after bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). The BCAS model can moderately reduce cerebral blood flow, and mimics white matter damage caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or small vessel disease. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) was used to monitor the cerebral blood flow of mice. The spatial learning and memory were tested by using the eight-arm maze. LFB staining was used to detect demyelination. The expression of MBP, GFAP and Iba1 was assayed by immunofluorescence. The demyelination was assessed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The activities of MDA, SOD and GSH-Px were detected by assay kits. The mRNA levels of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1 was detected by realtime PCR. The activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and the expression of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1was assessed by Western blot. EbSe ameliorated cognitive deficits and white matter lesions induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). The expression of GFAP and Iba1 was decreased in the corpus callosum of BCAS mice after EbSe treatment. Moreover, EbSe alleviated the level of MDA by elevating the expression and mRNA of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1 in BCAS mice. Furthermore, EbSe promoted the dissociation of the Keap1/Nrf2 complex, resulting in the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus. This study demonstrates a favorable effect of EbSe on cognitive impairment in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model, and the improvement of EbSe's antioxidant property is mediated by Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Alleviates Brain Ischemic Injury by Regulating Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Pyroptosis, and Mitophagy.

As a noninvasive treatment, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been utilized to treat various diseases in clinic. However, whether TENS can be an effective intervention in the acute stage of ischemic stroke still remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether TENS could alleviate brain infarct volume, reduce oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis, and activate mitophagy following ischemic stroke. TENS was performed at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats for 3 consecutive days. Neurological scores, the volume of infarction, and the activity of SOD, MDA, GSH, and GSH-px were measured. Moreover, western blot was performed to detect the related protein expression, including Bcl-2, Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP3, BRCC3, HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3, and P62. Real-time PCR was performed to detect NLRP3 expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the levels of LC3. There was no significant difference of neurological deficit scores between the MCAO group and the TENS group at 2 h after MCAO/R operation (P > 0.05), while the neurological deficit scores of TENS group significantly decreased in comparison with MCAO group at 72 h following MACO/R injury (P < 0.05). Similarly, TENS treatment significantly reduced the brain infarct volume compared with the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Moreover, TENS decreased the expression of Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, BRCC3, NLRP3, and P62 and the activity of MDA as well as increasing the level of Bcl-2, HIF-1α, BNIP3, and LC3 and the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-px (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicated that TENS alleviated brain damage following ischemic stroke via inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and pyroptosis and activating mitophagy, possibly via the regulation of TXNIP, BRCC3/NLRP3, and HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathways.

Integrative analysis uncovers the mechanism underlying the environmental adaptation of an indigenous crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) in Dong's Rice Fish Duck System

The golden-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), an indigenous fish with significant ecological, economic and cultural value, is found in Dong's Rice Fish Duck System, one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the world. Its pigment cells undergo a complicated series of physiological and biochemical changes, which is mainly related to the specific local altitudinal, temperature and aquaculture methods. To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms, a parallel analysis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic of C. gibelio scales and skins with various colors were conducted. The greenish grey scales (Ggsc) and skins (Ggsk) were dominated by dendritic melanocytes, the golden scales (Gsc) and skins (Gsk) were dominated by xanthophores, and no iridophores were found. The activities of SOD and MDA were significantly high in Ggsc, while tyrosinase activity and melanin content were highest in Ggsk. Only two carotenoid components, xanthophyll and β-carotene were detected, and both abundant in Gsc and Gsk. These findings may be related to the irregular distribution of pigment cells. Furthermore, 1308 transcripts and 801 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons. Using KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis, key candidate genes (e.g., tyr, tyrp1, dct, etc.) and proteins (e.g., ASP1, GOT1, HSPB1, etc.) involved in pigment cell differentiation and pigmentation in the melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, MAPK and wnt signaling pathway were identified. Noteworthily, we discovered that genes and proteins corresponding to the cardio adrenergic signaling system and cellular dynamics, such as plcb2, mctp2, MYH2 and TPM1, might influence formation and mobility of melanin granules and be the primary causes of golden skin. Finally, qRT-PCR validation indicated that sequencing results were reliable. With this exploratory multi-omics dataset, our results provide theoretical support to explain the relationship between metabolic regulation and phenotype formation in C. gibelio under special aquaculture conditions.

Two flavonoids, baicalein and naringin, are effective as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents in a rat model of polymicrobial sepsis

Introduction In this study, our aim was to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of these two flavonoids, baicalein, and naringin, in 50 and 100 mg/kg doses applied both before and after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedures in a polymicrobial sepsis rat model, and evaluate the possible contribution of oxidative and inflammatory markers by immunological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological methods. Methods Sixty-six Wistar albino rats were divided into 11 groups. The pro-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and IL-10) cytokine levels were measured by ELISA technique. CD3, CD68, and nuclear factor kappa B positivity rates were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, and GSH) were measured by tissue biochemistry. Results Sepsis caused a significant increase in all pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and MDA activity. Also, it led to an increase in the positivities of CD3, CD68, and NF-κB markers. However, especially pre-CLP doses of baicalein and naringin inhibited the inflammation process by suppressing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as regulating the oxidative stress process by normalizing the oxidant/anti-oxidant enzyme levels. Conclusion Both pre- and post-application of baicalein and naringin are quite effective to prevent sepsis-caused cellular processes. This protective and therapeutic effects by baicalein and naringin in animals with sepsis seems to be originated from the high antioxidant capacity and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, those natural agents may prove to be valuable protective agent against septic shock.

Estragole: A review of its pharmacology, effect on animal health and performance, toxicology, and market regulatory issues

Estragole is a volatile terpenoid molecule found in various plants or components, frequently in very high concentrations. It has been demonstrated to increase animal health and output performance effectively. Estragole has been shown to possess antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo. These properties include the ability to raise GSH and GPx levels, as well as the ability to suppress toxic materials and maintain cellular redox status, MDA activity, and MPO activity. In addition, it produces anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects via the production/release of cytokines, substance P, bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO), and it induces a substantial leukocyte migration. Further, Estragole gives protection against bacteria and viruses. The objective of this review was to briefly discuss the natural sources of Estragole, its chemistry, its extraction, its bioavailability, absorption, distribution, toxicity, and carcinogenicity, and its biomedical effects in vivo or in vitro are discussed in this review. The market for Estragole, as well as its regulatory framework also explained in this study.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Relation APGAR Scores to in Egyptian Newborns with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

The study aimed to estimate the status of oxidative stress markers in neonates of both sexes born 37- 41with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) comparing them to healthy convenient for gestational. The study included 44 Egyptian neonates with IUGR of both sexes and 45 neonates of both sexes with appropriate for gestational age. In both groups the neonates were delivered vaginally without any assisted vaginal delivery to mothers without known medical conditions affecting placental sufficiency. Malondialdehyde (MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and paraoxonase-1(PON1) were measured. Obstetric data including mode of delivery, instrumental delivery and gestational age at delivery by ultrasound Neonatal assessment including gestational age by new Ballard, sex of neonate, weight, head circumference, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, length, full general &amp; systemic examinations of newborn. The activity of MDA was increased, whilelevels of TAC and PON1 were significantly lower in IUGR than controls. APGAR score at both 1 min and 5 min and Ballard were significantly decreased in the IUGR group. Mean birth weight, length, maternal gestational age and head circumference of IUGR cases were decreased than control. APGAR scores were negatively correlated with MDA. In conclusion oxidative stress associated with IUGR newborns and antioxidants during pregnancy may be advised. Oxidative stress markers might have early prediction value for diagnosis of these conditions and probable pharmacological intervention with antioxidants may improve the pregnancy conditions.

Biological responses of Chironomus sancticaroli to exposure to naturally aged PP microplastics under realistic concentrations.

Microplastic (MP) is yet another form of chronic anthropogenic contribution to the environment. MPs are plastic particles (<5 mm) that have been widely found in the most diverse natural environments, but their real impacts on ecosystems are still under investigation. Here, we studied the toxicity of naturally aged secondary polypropylene (PP) MPs after constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation (26 µm) to the third instar larvae of Chironomus sancticaroli, a dipteran species. The concentrations tested were 13.5; 67.5; and 135 items g-1 of dry sediment. C. sancticaroli organisms were investigated for fragment ingestion, mortality and changes in enzymatic biomarkers after 144 h of exposure. The organisms were able to ingest MPs from the first 48 h, and the amount of items internalized was dose-dependent and time-dependent. Overall, the results show that mortality was low, being significant at the lowest and highest concentrations (13.5 and 135 items g-1). Regarding changes in biochemical markers, after 144 h MDA and CAT activities were both significantly altered (increased and reduced, respectively), while SOD and GST levels were unchanged. In the present study, naturally aged polypropylene MPs induced biochemical toxicity in C. sancticaroli larvae, with toxicity being higher according to exposure time and particle concentration.

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pregnant female albino rats and their fetuses.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the various nanoparticles that have been increasingly commonly used in vital sectors. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of prenatal exposure to the chemical TiO2 NPs (CHTiO2 NPs) and green-synthesized TiO2 NPs (GTiO2 NPs) on immunological and oxidative status as well as lungs and spleen. Fifty pregnant female albino rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each: control, CHTiO2 NPs-treated groups orally received 100 and 300mg/kg CHTiO2 NPs, and GTiO2 NPs-treated groups received 100 and 300mg/kg GTiO2 NPs, respectively, daily for 14days. The serum level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO), and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and GSH-PX) were assayed. Spleen and lungs were collected from pregnant rats and fetuses for histopathological examinations. The results showed a significant increase in IL-6 levels in treated groups. In the CHTiO2 NPs-treated groups, there was a significant increase in MDA activity and a significant decrease in GSH-Px and SOD activities, revealing its oxidative effect, while GSH-Px and SOD activities significantly increased in the 300 GTiO2 NPs-treated group, confirming the antioxidant effect of green-synthesized TiO2 NPs. Histopathological findings of the spleen and lungs of the CHTiO2 NPs-treated group revealed severe congestion and thickening of the blood vessels, while those of the GTiO2 NPs-treated group revealed mild tissue alterations. It could be deduced that green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles have immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects on pregnant female albino rats and their fetuses, with an ameliorated impact on the spleen and lung compared to chemical titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Combined biological effects of polystyrene microplastics and phenanthrene on Tubifex tubifex and microorganisms in wetland sediment

Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, can adsorb polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous environments. However, the coeffects of PAHs and microplastics on aquatic organisms are vague. In this study, nanoscale and micron-scale microplastics (30 mg/kg) and phenanthrene (10 mg/kg) were added to aquatic sediment to explore the effects of different particle sizes of microplastics and typical PAHs on invertebrates (Tubifex tubifex) and microbes after 28 days operation. The fluorescence signal of fluorescently labelled micron-scale and nanoscale microplastics were detected in T. tubifex, especially nanoscale microplastics. The reduced activities of CAT, GST, SOD and MDA in T. tubifex suggested that the micron-sized microplastics and PAHs exacerbated the oxidative damage to T. tubifex. Microbial analysis confirmed that microplastics and PAHs decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidetes in the gut of T. tubifex and thereby affected the degradation of phenanthrene. Microplastics also reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria in sediment. The abundance of salicylate hydroxylase enzyme that related to PAHs metabolism was increased with the addition of phenanthrene. The results in this study would be useful for further risk assessment of PAHs and microplastics in aquatic environments.

Anti-apoptotic effect of menaquinone-7 protects the brain of ovariectomized rats

BackgroundMood and memory deterioration occurs after ovariectomy (OVX) with various degrees and sometimes requires medical intervention. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a potent isoform of vitamin K2 and has many effects on the bone and cardiovascular system. However, the effect of MK-7 on the brain and its mechanisms of action are still unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effect of MK-7 on mood and memory disorders following ovariectomy. Thirty-two female albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group I (control group) included sham-operated rats with sunflower oil intake. Group II (K2) included sham-operated rats with an intake of MK-7 dissolved in sunflower oil. Group III (K2 OVX) included ovariectomized rats with an intake of MK-7 dissolved in sunflower oil. Group IV(OVX) included ovariectomized rats with sunflower oil intake. Working memory, anxiety, depression, and sociability behaviors were investigated in all groups. Gene expression of BAX, BCL2, and p53 was measured in the hippocampus of all groups by real-time PCR. Besides, BAX/BCL2 ratio was calculated.ResultsWorking memory, anxiety, depression, and sociability behaviors in the OVX rats showed a significant change compared to the sham-operated. However, the intake of MK-7 after the OVX resulted in significant improvement. Regarding hydrogen peroxide and MDA activity, they were significantly higher in the OVX group compared to the sham-operated groups, while in the K2OVX group, their activity showed a significant decrease in comparison with the OVX group. However, catalase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in the OVX group compared to the sham-operated group, while in the k2OVX group, their activity showed a significant increase in comparison with the OVX group. The OVX group showed a significant elevation in the BAX, BAX/BCl2 ratio, and P53, but BCL2 was significantly reduced. However, the intake of MK-7 caused a significant improvement.ConclusionsOur study showed that the OVX group showed significant physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes, which can be prevented by MK-7 intake.

Removal of lithium from aqueous solutions by solid-phase extraction using sawdust loaded with magnetite nanoparticles and study of apoptosis, MDA and 8-OHdG caused by lithium toxicity in fish brain.

Lithium, which has a high industrial value, is an environmental pollutant of concern to those who work with lithium in industry as well as to the general public. Biological parameters such as MDA, 8-OHdG, apoptosis (caspase-3), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were studied to determine the toxic effects on the brain tissue of the model organism (Carassius auratus) exposed to high dose lithium. According to the results obtained, it was found that lithium exposure caused oxidative stress with an increase in MDA level over time and, accordingly, DNA damage and apoptosis occured in brain tissue. It was also found that a decrease in AChE activity was observed, and the high levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and caspase-3 activity obtained in brain tissue supported this result. The solid phase extraction (SPE) method was used to effectively remove lithium, which has unfavorable effects on living organisms, from aqueous solutions. In this method, a sawdust loaded with magnetite nanoparticles (MNLS) was prepared as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction by a simple method, and it was characterized. Optimal conditions for the SPE process were defined and it was found that lithium could be removed from solution onto the MNLS surface with a high yield of about 96%. The results of the study are crucial for proposing a simple and applicable high performance method.

Effects of an Endocrine Disruptor Triclosan on Ruditapes decussatus: Multimarker and Histological Approaches.

The aim of this work was to study the ecotoxicological effects of an endocrine disruptor triclosan on the clam Ruditapes decussatus. The bivalves were exposed to three concentrations of this biocide (C1 = 100 ng/L, C2 = 200 ng/L and C3 = 500 ng/L) for three and seven days. The impact was assessed at the gills and digestive glands, through activities of an antioxidant defense biomarker (Gluthatione S-Transferase, GST), a damage biomarker (Malondialdehyde, MDA), and a neurotoxicity biomarker (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Furthermore, histological traits were approached in different organs to evaluate any possible alteration induced by triclosan. It appears from this study that both gills and digestive glands responded discernibly to triclosan and effects were concentration-dependent. The stressed clams showed a significant increase in their GST and MDA activities in gills and digestive glands compared to controls for both time slots considered. In turn, the AChE activity was clearly inhibited in both organs in a time dependent way. The histological study made it possible to observe several structural pathologies caused by triclosan in the gills and the digestive gland. These alterations consisted mainly of inflammatory reactions, malformations of the lamellae and fusion of the gill filaments, degeneration of the connective tissue, and the erosion of the gill cilia with the appearance of certain severe alterations (cell necrosis and apoptosis), which can thus cause a malfunction of the gills and eventually lead to a reduction in oxygen consumption and a disruption of the osmoregulation for bivalves. Alterations in the digestive gland have also been detected, mainly by epithelial alterations, thinning of the tubules, and alteration of the basal cell membrane which can impair the ability of clams to absorb food. At germinal cells, several damages were observed in the oocytes which probably disturbed the reproductive function and the fertility of the clams. The damages observed in female gonads were caused by the cytolysis of a large number of oocytes through autophagy and necrosis at 200 ng triclosan/L. Moreover, at 500 ng triclosan/L, hemocytic infiltration was observed in acini and apoptotic bodies reflected in the fragmentation of more than 90% of oocytes.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Response to Cadmium Stress: Morpho-Physiological Traits and Mineral Concentrations.

Cadmium is a widely distributed heavy metal in agricultural soils that affects plant growth and productivity. In this context, the current study investigated the effects of different cadmium (Cd) doses (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1 of CdSO4) on the growth and physiological attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including plant height (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight (g) of root, stem, and leaves, leaf number, macro and micro-nutrients, Se, and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, and Pb) content. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The results showed that Cd stress significantly negatively affected all growth indices, macro- and micro-nutrients, and heavy metal content. In addition, it increased the MDA and APX activities. The highest amounts of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, K, Na, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined in plant roots, while the highest values of Ca and Mg were detected in plant stem tissues. High Cd doses decreased the content of Ca, K, Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in safflower plant tissues by 45.47%, 39.33%, 79.28%, 68.21%, 37.06%, 66.67%, 45.62%, 50.38%, 54.37%, 33.33% and 65.87%, respectively, as compared to the control treatments.

PS-B12-9: ASTRAGALOSIDE IV INHIBITS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN H9C2 CELLS BY ATTENUATING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE

Backgrounds: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage play an important role in the pathology of cardiomyocytes apoptosis. However, the effects of Astragaloside IV(As-IV) on mitochondrial function have not been uncertain. Therefore, we assumed that As-IV inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Objectives: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of As-IV on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Methods: H9c2 cells were divided into three groups, including normal control group (cultured without intervention), hydrogen peroxidegroup (cultured with 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours), As-IV group (cultured with 100 μmol/L As-IV for 1 hour), As-IV with hydrogen peroxide group (pretreated with 100 μmol/L As-IV for 1 hour, then incubated with hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours). FITC/PI and DCFH-DA are stained to examine levels of apoptosis and ROS receptively. Levels of SOD and MDA were measured. Stained with JC-1 probe to observe the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western-blot was detected to analyze the expression of Drp-1. Results 1: The apoptosis rate of hydrogen peroxide group ((13.22 ± 3.17 vs 40.55 ± 13.74)%, P &lt; 0.05) was significantly higher than that of control group, which was lower in As-IV with hydrogen peroxide group((23.43 ± 4.3 vs 40.55 ± 13.74) %, P &lt; 0.05). 2. The ROS levels were higher in hydrogen peroxide group than control group((73.53 ± 5.33 vs 39.02 ± 7.90) %, P &lt; 0.05), which were significant reduced in As-IV with hydrogen peroxide group((57.6 ± 4.63 vs 73.53 ± 5.33) %, P &lt; 0.05) Meanwhile, the activity of MDA was increased and the activity of SOD was decreased in hydrogen peroxide group compared with that in control group((10.97 ± 0.56 vs 4.85 ± 0.55) nmol/mL, P &lt; 0.05), ((1192.23 ± 341.59 vs 2710.95 ± 274.32)U/L, P &lt; 0.05). Compared with hydrogen peroxide group, As-IV with hydrogen peroxide group significantly decrease the activity of MDA and increase the activity of SOD ((6.58 ± 0.79 vs 10.97 ± 0.56) nmol/mL, P &lt; 0.05), ((1984.66 ± 188.81 vs 1192.23 ± 341.59) U/L, P &lt; 0.05). 3. MMP was lower and the expression of Drp1 was higher in hydrogen peroxide group than that in control group ((0.31 ± 0.01 vs 1.52 ± 0.25) %, P &lt; 0.05), ((0.86 ± 0.003 vs 0.45 ± 0.004) %, P &lt; 0.05). Compared with hydrogen peroxide group, MMP was significantly increased and the expression of Drp1 was downregulated ((0.65 ± 0.38 vs 0.31 ± 0.01) %, P &lt; 0.05), ((0.72 ± 0.005 vs 0.86 ± 0.003) %, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: As-IV exerts protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of NS1 antigen and oxidative stress for Dengue virus infection in Bangladeshi population

The dramatic rise of global incidence of dengue infection has generated an urgent yet an unmet need for an accurate and validated diagnostic test for DENV infection. A total of 81 serum samples were enlisted to dengue NS1 ICT test and dengue NS1 ELISA test and oxidative stress markers including NO, MDA and SOD activity were measured. Out of 81 samples, 41 were found positive by ELISA (DENV group; n=41) whereas 28 were found positive by ICT test. Out of 81 samples; 40 were found negative (control group; n=40) by ELISA whereas 53 were found negative by ICT test. There were 28 samples which were found positive by both ICT and ELISA test. There were 40 samples which were found negative by both ICT and ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of ICT test were 68.29% and 100% when compared with ELISA. The positive cases of dengue was confirmed by platelet count having significantly higher level of platelet counts (P&lt;0.0001) in dengue patients compared to that of control. Dengue patients had significantly higher levels of NO (P=0.0007), MDA (P&lt;0.0001) and SOD activity (P&lt;0.0001) compared to those of control. Among dengue patients; a positive correlation was found between MDA level and hematocrit percentage (R2 = 0.8107; P&lt;0.001) and between MDA level and NO level (R2 = 0.4954; P&lt;0.001). The study has unveiled that though the rapid ICT test is cost-effective and with satisfactory specificity, the sensitivity is not up to the mark and possibility of misdiagnosis by this rapid test kit is significant.

CENTELLA ASIATICA NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT ON 6-OHDA-STIMULATED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIFFERENTIATED SH-SY5Y CELLS

Aim: Parkinson's disease is qualified by advancing the loss of dopaminergic neurons and depletion of dopamine. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms need new perspectives for therapeutic strategies that alleviate and abolish neurodegenerative. The last searches have demonstrated that Centella Asiatica is commonly used in conventional medicine. The aim of our study is to reveal the neuroprotective effect of Centella Asiatica, which we will use in the treatment, on the neurotoxicity stimulated by 6 OHDA. Method: First, the SH-SY5Y cell line was grown in prepared media. Then, 25-50-75 and 100 µg/ml concentrations of Centella Asiatica were supplemented to the wells that reached 85% confluence 2 hours before (except for the control and 6-OHDA groups). Afterward, 200 µM 6-OHDA was added to the wells (except for the control group) and incubated for 24 hours. Then, IL-1β, GSH, MTT, LDH, GPx, TNF-α, SOD, MPO, CAT, and MDA analyses were performed. One-way analysis of variance was performed using the IBM SPSS 22.0 package program. The results were compared with the control and 6-OHDA groups, and values below p&lt;.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: It was found that Centella Asiatica demonstrated a dose-dependent rise in the vivacity rate and the cell vivacity was 92% at the highest concentration. Moreover, antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT) correlated with MTT and LDH assay. In IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and MDA activities, it was observed that the oxidant amount reduced depending on the concentration. Conclusion: These findings revealed that Centella Asiatica exerts a neuroprotective effect opposite 6-OHDA induction by rising cell viability and reducing oxidative stress.

Systematic Exploration of the Potential Material Basis and Molecular Mechanism of the Mongolian Medicine Shudage-4 in Attenuating Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat.

Shudage-4, an ancient and well-known formula in traditional Mongolian medicine comprising four different types of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. However, the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Shudage-4 in attenuating stress-induced gastric ulcers remain unclear. This study aimed to first explore the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Shudage-4 in attenuating gastric ulcers in rats. The chemical constituents and transitional components in the blood of Shudage-4 were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). The rat gastric ulcer model was induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS). The ulcer damage to gastric tissue was measured at the gross anatomical level and pathological level by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of gastric tissue. RNA sequencing of gastric tissue and plasma metabolomics were performed to analyze the mechanism of Shudage-4 against gastric ulcers. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between serum metabolites and gene expression of gastric tissue. A total of 30 chemical constituents were identified in Shudage-4 by UPLC-TOF-MS. Among 30 constituents, 13 transitional components in the blood were considered as the potential material basis. Shudage-4 treatment had a significant effect on WIRS-induced gastric ulcers in rats. HE staining of gastric tissue illustrated that WIRS-induced ulcer damage was suppressed by Shudage-4 treatment. RNA sequencing of gastric tissue showed that 282 reversed expression genes in gastric tissue were related to Shudage-4 treatment, and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Shudage-4 treatment significantly inhibited gene set expression related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was also validated by detecting rat gastric tissue MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities. The plasma metabolomic data demonstrated that 23 significantly differential metabolites were closely associated with the Shudage-4 treatment. The further multiomics joint analysis found that significantly upregulated 5 plasma metabolites in Shudage-4-treated rats compared to model rats were negatively correlated with gene set expression related to ROS in gastric tissue. Shudage-4 alleviated WIRS-induced gastric ulcers by inhibiting ROS generation, which was achieved by regulating plasma metabolites level.