Household Activities Research Articles

Recent developments in waterborne pathogen detection technologies

Abstract Waterborne pathogens find their way into water bodies through contamination of fecal discharge, stormwater run-offs, agriculture and industrial activities, and poor water infrastructure. These organisms are responsible for causing diarrheal, gastroenteritis, cholera, and typhoid diseases which raise an alarming sense on public human health due to the high mortality rate, especially in children. Several studies have indicated that these waterborne diseases can be managed by monitoring pathogens in water using traditional culture-based and molecular techniques. However, these methods have shown several setbacks such as the longer duration for detection and the inability to detect pathogens at low concentrations. Effective management of these diseases requires rapid, sensitive, highly selective, fast, and efficient economic methods to monitor pathogens in water. Since the creation of biosensors, these tools have been applied and shown the ability to detect pathogens at low concentrations. The highlights of biosensor systems are that they are fast, portable, easy to use, highly sensitive, and specific. The capabilities of biosensors have given these tools exposure to be widely applied in detecting pharmaceutical pollutants, pesticides, toxins, residues of detergents, and cosmetics from household activities in soil and water. With such difficulties faced for detecting waterborne pathogens, this review evaluates the effectiveness of technologies for waterborne pathogens detection and their drawbacks. It further highlights biosensors as the current reliable method available for detecting pathogens in water and its future capabilities in sustaining safe potable water.

Patient perspectives on acromegaly disease burden: insights from a community meeting

ObjectiveA profound mismatch between biological and symptom control in acromegaly creates a high disease burden despite achieving optimal biological control. There is a great need to learn more about the perspectives of patients living with acromegaly.MethodsAcromegaly Community hosted a virtual meeting in January 2021 and prepared a detailed report capturing participants’ input on acromegaly symptoms and current and future treatment approaches. The findings of this report are reviewed and summarized in this study.ResultsFatigue/muscle weakness (92%) and joint pain/arthritis (90%) are the two most common and troublesome symptoms reported by meeting participants. Acromegaly negatively impacts all aspects of daily living: social interaction (49%); exercise (42%); sports/recreational activities (39%); household activities (38%); attending school or job (38%); family relationships (33%); and walking (26%). Anxiety/depression is experienced by 75% of respondents. Eighty-three percent of patients underwent pituitary surgery, and over 71% of patients require medical therapy. Patients desire future improvements in medication efficacy, tolerability, and administration; mental health resources for themselves and their families; and other multimodal approaches to address their physical symptoms, specifically hunger, weight gain, muscle weakness, and joint pains.ConclusionAcromegaly patients experience significant physical and psychological burdens despite biochemical control, highlighting the need for comprehensive and patient-centered care. In particular, the impacts on activities of daily living (ADLs) and heavy psychosocial and socioeconomic burdens are striking. We advocate for periodic screening for impacted ADLs, multidisciplinary teams to proactively address these symptoms, and call for further research on under-evaluated aspects of the disease.

High-density electromyography for effective gesture-based control of physically assistive mobile manipulators

High-density electromyography (HDEMG) can detect myoelectric activity as control inputs to a variety of electronically-controlled devices. Furthermore, HDEMG sensors may be built into a variety of clothing, allowing for a non-intrusive myoelectric interface that is integrated into a user’s routine. In our work, we introduce an easily-producible HDEMG device that interfaces with the control of a mobile manipulator to perform a range of household and physically assistive tasks. Mobile manipulators can operate throughout the home and are applicable for a spectrum of assistive and daily tasks in the home. We evaluate the use of real-time myoelectric gesture recognition using our device to enable precise control over the intricate mobility and manipulation functionalities of an 8 degree-of-freedom mobile manipulator. Our evaluation, involving 13 participants engaging in challenging self-care and household activities, demonstrates the potential of our wearable HDEMG system to control a mobile manipulator in the home.

Anthropogenized Karst Landscapes in the Area of the Pismata Locality in the Canyon Valley of the Rusenski Lom River near the Village of Ivanovo

The present paper is an attempt to reconstruct and assess the impact of localized, studied and documented permanent changes in anthropogenic rock sections, forms and formations. The karst rock crown shapes to a large extent the area of Pismata near the village of Ivanovo, Ruse region. It has for centuries suffered an active anthropogenic impact. The same has led to the gradual transformation of the vast majority of natural rock niches, caves, sheds, rock bridges and other karst formations into sites with different purposes for humans. The stages of human economic, household and cultural activity in the region have influenced the modern appearance of entire rock sections, passages, terraces and have led to the gradual formation of typical samples of anthropogenic karst landscapes. These samples can be used as a model and comparative material in identifying and studying different types of architectural, cultural and historical anthropogenic karst landscapes in the canyon valleys of the Rusenski Lom River and its tributaries, and in other areas with similar landscapes.

Economic Value of Greenhouse Gases Based on Household Activities in Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency

Economic Value of Greenhouse Gases Based on Household Activities in Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency

Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Colombia: A Pooled Analysis.

Given the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in Colombia, estimating the effect of sociodemographic factors on overweight and obesity is crucial for creating and implementing public health policies. A pooled analysis was performed using a multinomial logistic regression model through Colombian Nutritional Situation Surveys held in 2010 and 2015. The study included Colombian adults between 18 and 64 years old (n = 162,119). Overall, the prevalence of obesity increased from 16.47 percent in 2010 to 18.67 percent in 2015, being higher in women than in men in both surveys. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the most critical factor of being overweight and obese were older age, having a higher level of education, being engaged in household activities, and living in regions other than the country's capital. Additionally, for obesity, belonging to the Afro Colombian racial-ethnic group and being a woman were associated with an increased probability. In conclusion, these results provide more information on the sociodemographic factors related to overweight and obesity, which will help focus public health policies on higher-risk populations, such as racial-ethnic communities.

Predictors of physical activity among pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe

The extensive benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known. However, PA participation among pregnant women remains low. This study evaluated PA levels and associated factors, including barriers and facilitators in pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe. This cross-sectional study recruited 517 pregnant women receiving antenatal care across ten primary healthcare clinics. Data were collected using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS) and EQ-5D-5L. We used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression for analyses. The mean age of the study participants was 26.1 (±5.9) years. 89% of the pregnant women did not meet the WHO recommendations of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA. For women who were active, most engaged in moderate intensity (41.9%) PA and household activity (51.1%). The most perceived barriers and facilitators to PA were reported as exercise environment and life enhancement, respectively. Lower education (AOR 5.24 [1.69: 16.19]), multigravida (AOR .47 [.31: .42]), not exercising pre-pregnancy (AOR 2.02 [1.30: 3.13]), perceived decreased current PA level (AOR 2.04 [1.22: 3.43]) and not being advised by a doctor on exercise (AOR 2.05 [1.04: 4.04]) were associated with physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is endemic among Zimbabwean pregnant women, there is a need for bespoke and contextualized interventions. Implementing supervised and group-based antenatal exercise classes must be considered.

Community participation in 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) of household plastic waste in Balikpapan

Abstract The 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) effort is focused on reducing plastic waste generated from household activities. Community participation is very necessary in realizing efforts to reduce plastic waste. This research aims to analyse community participation regarding efforts to reduce 3R plastic waste (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) based on the amount of generation and composition of household plastic waste in Balikpapan City. The data used in this research are primary and secondary data. Measurement of waste generation and composition data refers to SNI 19-3964-1994. Participation data collection was carried out by distributing and filling out questionnaires offline to the public with a total of 100 families of respondents obtained from the Slovin method calculation in determining the sample size. The results of this research showed that the average generation of household plastic waste from 100 families in Balikpapan City was 9.55 Kg/day with the highest composition of plastic waste dominated by PET at 3.14 Kg/day. Community participation in Reduce efforts was 68% in the “good” category, Reuse was 58% in the “good enough” category and Recycle was 29% in “not good” category.

Potential Sustainability of Integrated Household Constructed Wetlands (IHCWS) implementation in small island as an effort to mitigate marine pollution due to greywater domestic wastewater (A case study in Bungin Island, Indonesia)

The potential for surface marine water pollution from domestic greywater wastewater poses a threat to small, densely populated islands. This condition will affect the sustainability of the ecosystem in the surrounding environment. This research was conducted on Bungin Island, located in Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia. The island is one of the most densely populated islands with an area of only 8.5 ha and a population of 3,400 people. This research aims to map the potential sustainability of the application of Integrated Household Constructed Wetlands (IHCWS) on Bungin Island, Indonesia as an alternative to managing greywater from household activities. There are six dimensions and thirty sustainability attributes studied including ecology, socio-culture, economy, technology, policy, and public health. The data obtained were analyzed using the RAPFISH MDS method. The results showed that the potential application of IHCWS on Bungin Island in each aspect, ecology (88.68%), socio-culture (79.13%), economy (99.66%), technology (99.71%), policy (99.71%), and public health (88.68%). In conclusion, the IHCWS is classified as sustainable. The application of technology that requires maintenance is not by the conditions of small island communities. This is one of the sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental pollution, especially marine in small islands that have a high population density.

Strategies to strengthen arrowroot production as a land cover crop and improve farmers’ economy

Abstract One of the MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises) that still survive after Covid is the processed arrowroot flour MSME in Kulonprogo Regency, DIY. This phenomenon provides benefits in environmental conservation and, on the one hand, provides high economic value by empowering arrowroot farmers to get new sources of income. Preservation of germplasm while using the local potential of the region in MSME businesses made from arrowroot flour.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of arrowroot plants in their contribution to the control of soil damage and their role in the economic activities of farmer households in an effort to increase their income and welfare. The research method was carried out surveys on MSME players processing arrowroot flour by random sampling of 90 MSMEs spread throughout the Kulonprogo Regency. Analysis methods with frequency distribution analysis, descriptive analysis, IFE-EFE analysis, and SWOT analysis. The conclusion of the arrowroot plant acts as a ground cover plant that is able to control the environmental aspects of the destruction of eroded land and is able to increase farmers’ income by 35.7% in increasing income through MSME activities that process arrowroot flour into processed food ingredients. Study suggestions are needed to strengthen the production and farming of arrowroot plants as a land cover crop with a system of planting arrowroot plant populations in a wide enough ecology, especially on marginal and dry land, selecting arrowroot plant varieties that have high production potential.

Self-sustaining energy as an alternative to power outages in the Pueblo Unido sector in 2024

Introduction: power outages are a common problem in many parts of the world due to various reasons, it is important to consider self-sustaining energy as a viable alternative.Objective: to determine the knowledge in the Pueblo Unido sector about self-sustaining energy as an alternative to power outages.Method: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge related to self-sustaining energy as an alternative to power outages in the Pueblo Unido sector in 2024.Results: 52.1 % are female, 43.8 % have power outages every month, 60.4 % usually have power outages for one hour, 52.1 % have problems with delays in household and work activities during the year, 54.2 % have ever considered installing self-sustaining energy systems, 87.5 % believe that the implementation of self-sustaining energy could reduce the frequency of power outages.Conclusions: the potential of self-sustaining energy systems based on motor and bicycle generators to address the challenges related to power outages is highlighted, while promoting sustainability, resilience, and community well-being

A European aerosol phenomenology - 9: Light absorption properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles across surface Europe.

Carbonaceous aerosols (CA), composed of black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), significantly impact the climate. Light absorption properties of CA, particularly of BC and brown carbon (BrC), are crucial due to their contribution to global and regional warming. We present the absorption properties of BC (bAbs,BC) and BrC (bAbs,BrC) inferred using Aethalometer data from 44 European sites covering different environments (traffic (TR), urban (UB), suburban (SUB), regional background (RB) and mountain (M)). Absorption coefficients showed a clear relationship with station setting decreasing as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB > M, with exceptions. The contribution of bAbs,BrC to total absorption (bAbs), i.e. %AbsBrC, was lower at traffic sites (11-20%), exceeding 30% at some SUB and RB sites. Low AAE values were observed at TR sites, due to the dominance of internal combustion emissions, and at some remote RB/M sites, likely due to the lack of proximity to BrC sources, insufficient secondary processes generating BrC or the effect of photobleaching during transport. Higher bAbs and AAE were observed in Central/Eastern Europe compared to Western/Northern Europe, due to higher coal and biomass burning emissions in the east. Seasonal analysis showed increased bAbs, bAbs,BC, bAbs,BrC in winter, with stronger %AbsBrC, leading to higher AAE. Diel cycles of bAbs,BC peaked during morning and evening rush hours, whereas bAbs,BrC, %AbsBrC, AAE, and AAEBrC peaked at night when emissions from household activities accumulated. Decade-long trends analyses demonstrated a decrease in bAbs, due to reduction of BC emissions, while bAbs,BrC and AAE increased, suggesting a shift in CA composition, with a relative increase in BrC over BC. This study provides a unique dataset to assess the BrC effects on climate and confirms that BrC can contribute significantly to UV-VIS radiation presenting highly variable absorption properties in Europe.

UNDERSTANDING ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT EXPERIENCE AMONG RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA IN LONG-TERM CARE HOMES

Abstract Recreational and meaningful activities in long-term care homes are crucial in promoting well-being among residents with dementia. While existing research primarily focuses on planned activities facilitated by staff, little attention has been given to self-directed activities initiated by residents themselves, reflecting their intrinsic motivation, lifestyle, and lifelong interests such as walking, gardening, meal preparation and other household activities. In this study, activity is defined as personally meaningful behavior, including both programmed and self-directed activities, and supported by social and/or physical environmental stimuli. Utilizing critical ethnography in a long-term care home in Canada, our research aims to: 1) gather descriptive data on the types, diversity and process of residents’ activity engagement, and 2) examine the care home setting in its natural context to uncover the social practices, built environmental features and underlying organizational discourses that influence activity engagement. Observations will focus on residents’ engagement in various activities and their interactions with staff and the physical environment. Interviews will be conducted with activity staff and non-activity staff (e.g., care aides, nurses) to explore their perspectives on activity engagement, person-centered approach, and their respective roles in promoting engagement. This study offers insights into residents’ experiences with both structured and self-directed activities, and the influence of the care home’s social and physical environments on engagement. The study addresses the knowledge gap in meaningful engagement through self-directed activities and the role of social and physical environments. Fieldwork will be completed in summer and preliminary findings based on interviews and initial observations will be presented.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence Injury: Insights from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

AbstractThis study examined the consequences of domestic violence (DV) in light of the multiple changes to the lifestyles and routine activities of households during the Covid-19 pandemic using incident-level data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Through logistic regressions, we first examined odds of injury among DV victims. We then examined odds of severe injury among DV victims who experienced injury. We compared the pre-pandemic odds of these injurious outcomes to these odds in two distinctive periods during the Covid-19 pandemic — March 2020-March 2021 and April 2021-December 2022. Study results suggest that the risk of both “any injury” and “severe injury” was higher between March 2020-March 2021 in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. Findings further suggest that the risk and severity of DV victims’ injury after April 2021 were not significantly different from the pre-pandemic era. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Utilization and associated factors of growth monitoring and promotion services among young children in Gorkha district of Nepal

IntroductionPromotion of child health during the first thousand days from conception to the child’s second birthday is vital for survival, growth and development. Growth monitoring and promotion services are key to the early detection of growth faltering and preventing malnutrition and promoting child health. This study aimed to assess the utilization of Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) services and its associated factors among young children in Gorkha district of Nepal.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gorkha district, involving 290 mother-child pairs, from April 2024 to June 2024. Multistage random sampling was used to select mothers. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics involving multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with GMP service utilization.ResultsOnly 5.5% of children had completed the recommended 24 GMP visits according to protocol, while 23.8% utilized GMP services more than 15 times, which represents the 75th percentile of service utilization. Mothers who had good knowledge had significantly higher (adjusted OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 2.070–8.650, p < 0.001) GMP service utilization among their children than those counterpart mothers with poor knowledge about the GMP services. The main reasons for not regular utilizing GMP services included the time constraints and their household responsibilities (85%).ConclusionThis study reported the low utilization of GMP services among children in Gorkha district. Maternal knowledge on GMP service emerged as the primary predictor of GMP service utilization and maternal engagement in the household activities explores as a leading barrier to GMP service utilization. Enhancing maternal knowledge through community engagement strategies and improving the monitoring mechanism within the health systems could increase GMP utilization.

Lifestyle, Cognition, and Disability Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience sensory, psychomotor, and cognitive impairment, sphincter disturbances, and fatigue, which can affect their ability to perform work-related tasks, self-care, and daily activities. This study aimed to analyze the lifestyle changes, cognitive function, and disability outcomes over a seven-year follow-up period, exploring potential associations with predictive markers. Methods: At the end of the seven-year follow-up period, 32 participants returned for cognitive and clinical reassessment with the Twenty-Five-Foot Walk Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, and Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery. Lifestyle data were acquired via interviews regarding sleep quality, reading habits, technology use, physical activity levels, household responsibilities, and participation in leisure and cultural activities. Results: The occupational profile did not demonstrate significant changes, but 11 (34%) participants showed disability accumulation, and the number of relapses increased (p = 0.001). Over time, improvement was observed in verbal episodic memory and worsening in psychomotor speed. Better cognitive performance in mental agility was associated with higher levels of physical activity (p = 0.021) and technology use (p = 0.039). In addition, better cognition (verbal memory p = 0.038 and processing speed 0.015) and psychomotor speed (upper limbs p = 0.017 and lower limbs p = 0.003) and lower functional disability (p = 0.022) were associated with maintenance of household activities. Conclusions: The changes in verbal memory and psychomotor speed were more prominent over time, and verbal memory, psychomotor and processing speed, and mental agility were associated with good lifestyle habits, mainly household activities. The treatment strategies should include lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions.

Sociodemographic characteristics and participation of women in meliponiculture from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

BackgroundMeliponiculture is the breeding of stingless bees (SB) or bees of the Meliponini tribe. In Mexico, this activity was practiced before the arrival of the Spaniards, with the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) (comprising the states of Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan) being the most important region due to its link with the economic, cultural and medicinal aspects of the Mayan communities. The objective of this study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics and the participation of women in meliponiculture practiced in the YP. Our hypothesis suggests that the participation of women in meliponiculture is lower compared to that of men due to their sociocultural responsibilities in the community.MethodsA total of 56 interviews were conducted between December 2021 and December 2023, using referral sampling (this procedure was used due to non-availability of any producer’s list; and due the random nature of the information obtained from various producers belonging to different sociodemographic contexts). The interview form consisted of the following sections: basic information about the producer, gender, age, years of education, number of colonies, honey production and years of experience. The information collected was analyzed using a Student's t-test in the R program.ResultsIt was observed that 66% of meliponiculturists were men and 34% were women. Differences were observed in the average age and number of colonies, in men with 47.4 ± 3.24; years and 36.19 ± 10.28 colonies; while in women, it was 38.1 ± 2.80 (t = 2.14; p = 0.036; gl = 52) years and 14.00 ± 2.42 (t = 2.09; p = 0.042; gl = 40) colonies. No differences were observed between the years of education (8.84 ± 0.79; men and 8.74 ± 0.94 (women; t = 0.08; p = 0.935; gl = 45) and the honey obtained per colony (0.620 ± 0.04 kg/honey; men and 0.600 ± 0.08 kg/honey; women; t = 0.18; p = 0.853, gl = 26).ConclusionMeliponiculture in the YP is an activity practiced in a greater proportion by men; who also have a greater number of colonies compared to women. On the other hand, women who practice honey production are younger than men. The performance of rural women in commercial beekeeping has been affected by their traditional role in household activities and child care. They do not have enough time dedicated to meliponiculture; although the income they can obtain from the sale of products could contribute to the financial support of the family.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Urbanization and industrial activities are responsible for the increasing quantities of wastes each year leading to environmental and health consequences. Wastes are also generated from household, commercial, agricultural or medical activities industrial, mining or metallurgical sectors. Hazardous wastes can be identified as any solid, liquid, or gaseous waste that, in its chemical and physical characteristics, represents a potential harm to human health and/or the environment. Therefore, it requires specific management, such as compliance with the EU Waste Framework Directive for waste prevention and reduction. This study explores the hazardous waste management process to identify potential hazards during the treatment phase. It analyses the risk to the population using the qualitative preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) method and performs consequence analysis using Effects modelling software. The results of the PHA indicate a low to moderate risk, if specific safety measures are applied. The most severe accident scenario may result in reversible effects outside the establishment over short distances. These analyses can support decision-making in land-use and emergency planning procedures.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES AMONG HOUSEWIVES

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a common health issue that can be acute or chronic, affecting bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Housewives, as integral contributors to household functioning, often engage in repetitive, physically demanding tasks that predispose them to musculoskeletal pain. Despite their significant role, limited research has been conducted to explore the impact of prolonged household activities on musculoskeletal health, particularly in regions like Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Understanding this relationship is essential to inform preventive strategies and improve their quality of life. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain and household activities among housewives, focusing on its prevalence, affected anatomical sites, and relationship with the duration of household tasks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 384 housewives from Bahawalpur City over three months, from December 2022 to February 2023. Data collection utilized the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and a self-structured questionnaire. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling to include housewives actively engaged in household activities. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Variables such as household tasks, pain intensity, and time spent on activities were examined to determine correlations and statistical significance. Results: The study revealed that cooking (90.4%), dishwashing (78.1%), chopping (68.2%), sweeping (61.2%), and washing clothes (66.4%) were the most frequently reported household activities. Pain predominantly affected the low back (62.2%), shoulder (52.6%), and neck (45.1%). Pain intensity assessment showed that 52.9% of participants experienced moderate pain, 30.2% reported mild pain, and 16.9% suffered severe pain. Time spent on household activities showed a significant correlation with pain severity, with prolonged working hours (&gt;8 hours) being associated with severe pain (p=0.00). Conclusion: The study concluded that musculoskeletal pain is significantly associated with prolonged household activities among housewives, with the low back, shoulder, and neck being the most commonly affected regions. These findings underscore the need for ergonomic interventions and preventive measures to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in this population.

Renewable Energy for Gender Equity: Solar Electricity and Women’s Empowerment in Developing Regions

The Sustainable Development Goals recognize women’s empowerment and gender equality as development objectives to combat poverty and advance the development of human resources. Despite these development efforts, women face discrimination and gender inequality globally, particularly in developing countries which impedes their social and economic potential. About 75% of women work in the informal sector and the global unpaid household sector is worth $ 10 trillion, accounting for one-eighth of the world’s GDP (ILO,2019). Access to electricity particularly solar electricity in remote rural areas can enhance women’s empowerment in many ways. This review examines the social, economic, and environmental effects of solar electricity access on women’s empowerment in developing countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Kenya, and Ethiopia. Solar electricity is a clean energy source that improves women’s health via a reduction in indoor air pollution, increases women’s indoor and outdoor mobility, increases the sense of security, and saves time from household activity. Therefore, women can spend more time teaching children, socializing, and visiting friends and neighbours. Solar electricity could increase household income by extending working hours and involvement in income- generating activities (IGAs). Based on the literature review we developed a theoretical framework that depicts various channels through which clean and reliable solar electricity might improve women’s empowerment. The framework confirms the pathways that demonstrate how solar electricity empowers women by providing access to human, and social resources, increasing mobility, control over assets, and decision-making capacity to improve the everyday lives of women in developing countries.