Work Activities Research Articles

The Impact of Various Cockpit Display Interfaces on Novice Pilots' Mental Workload and Situational Awareness: A Comparative Study.

Future airspace is expected to become more congested with additional in-service cargo and commercial flights. Pilots will face additional burdens in such an environment, given the increasing number of factors that they must simultaneously consider while completing their work activities. Therefore, care and attention must be paid to the mental workload (MWL) experienced by operating pilots. If left unaddressed, a state of mental overload could affect the pilot's ability to complete his or her work activities in a safe and correct manner. This study examines the impact of two different cockpit display interfaces (CDIs), the Steam Gauge panel and the G1000 Glass panel, on novice pilots' MWL and situational awareness (SA) in a flight simulator-based setting. A combination of objective (EEG and HRV) and subjective (NASA-TLX) assessments is used to assess novice pilots' cognitive states during this study. Our results indicate that the gauge design of the CDI affects novice pilots' SA and MWL, with the G1000 Glass panel being more effective in reducing the MWL and improving SA compared with the Steam Gauge panel. The results of this study have implications for the design of future flight deck interfaces and the training of future pilots.

A microsphere-structure flexible pressure sensor for monitoring keyboard typing behavior

Keyboard input is a commonplace activity in daily work that greatly enhances office efficiency. However, wrong typing posture over a prolonged period can lead to tenosynovitis or even tenosynovial cysts. Flexible sensors are widely utilized in human motion detection, but further in-depth research is required to identify typing posture accurately. Herein, a triboelectric-based pressure sensor with a microsphere structure was developed in this paper. Microsphere structures were fabricated onto the surface of silica gel (SG) to increase the friction coefficient and enhance the sensor’s performance. To establish a tight fit between the sensor and the skin, a flexible and adhesive polyacrylamide hydrogel was prepared. The microsphere-structured sensor holds a sensitivity of 0.903 V/N and a frequency response range of 0-20 Hz. It also exhibits good mechanical stability up to 18,000 cycles. It can monitor not only large-scale movements but also subtle muscle activities. By affixing the sensor to the skin surface on the wrist, it can effectively capture the motion signals generated during an individual’s typing and ascertain the correctness of the typing posture. This work provides technical support for the early prevention of tenosynovitis and tenosynovial cysts and exhibits promising applications in the long-term correction of typing posture.

Characteristics or Returns: Understanding Gender Pay Inequality among College Graduates in the USA

Explanations for the persistent pay disparity between similarly qualified men and women vary between women’s different and devalued work characteristics and specific processes that result in unequal wage returns to the same characteristics. This article investigates how the gender wage gap is affected by gender differences in detailed work activities among full-time, year-round, college-graduate workers in the US using decomposition analysis in the National Survey of College Graduates. Differences in men’s and women’s characteristics account for a majority of the gender wage gap. Additionally, men and women receive different returns to several characteristics: occupational composition, marriage and work activities. While men are penalized more than women for having teaching as their primary work activity, women receive lower rewards for primary work activities such as finance and computer programming. The findings suggest that even with men and women becoming more similar on several characteristics, unequal returns to those characteristics will stall progress towards equality.

Structures, aims and needs of early career scientists at the German Center for Mental Health

Early career scientists (ECS) are agents of change and driving forces in the promotion of mental health. The German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) is apowerful initiative to guide and support careers in the field of mental health. The DZPG aims to make investments to educate, engage, excite, and empower ECS in an interdisciplinary and interinstitutional scientific community. To achieve this, the ECS Board at the DZPG plays acentral role and consists of 18elected ECS representatives. The ECS culture gives members the right of voice and embraces bottom-to-top ideas and acknowledges autonomy and co-determination. The DZPG academy was developed to facilitate communication and networking and encourage collaboration among ECS members. The DZPG also navigates several key issues, such as equality, diversity, inclusion, family friendliness and work-life balance, which are essential for afunctioning research landscape. The DZPG also extends opportunities to ECS to develop skills and competencies that are essential for contemporary ECS. It complements nationwide support for ECS with funding opportunities, mental health support at work, careers advice and guidance activities. Importantly, the ECS Board is committed to patient and public involvement and engagement, scientific communication and knowledge transfer to multiple settings. The DZPG will contribute to fostering ECS training programs for student and academic exchanges, collaborative research, and pooling of resources to acquire grants and scholarships. It will also support the establishment of hubs for ECS networks and promote the expansion of international competence of ECS in Germany.

Activity-Based Concept Towards Office Building in Jakarta

Activity-Based Concept Towards Office Building in Jakarta

Work Productivity and Activities of Daily Living in Working Patients with Uveitis

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess self-reported impairment of work productivity and activities of daily living and the indirect costs of absenteeism in a sample of working patients with uveitis and to examine their association with sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical variables. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, cross-association study. Participants completed the self-administered Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire uveitis 2.0 to assess absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and impairment in activities of daily living. Clinical data were collected from the patients’ medical records or instruments used to evaluate clinical parameters in practice. Indirect costs of absenteeism were assessed by the “lost wages method.” Two clinical groups were established for this study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between variables. Results The final sample comprised 60 participants. Factors significantly associated with increased overall work impairment in the multivariate linear regression analysis were active uveitis (coefficient, 31.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1 to 46.9; p < 0.001) and presence of ocular comorbidities (coefficient for absence, −16.4; 95% CI, −31.1 to −1.8; p = 0.03). Factors significantly associated with increased impairment in activities of daily living were active uveitis (coefficient, 32.1; 95% CI, 18.2 to 46.0; p < 0.001), presence of ocular comorbidities (coefficient for absence, −23.5; 95% CI, −36.1 to −11.0; p < 0.001), and absence of nonocular comorbidities (coefficient 16.1; 95% CI, 3.9 to 28.3; p = 0.01). Conclusions Active uveitis and ocular comorbidities are significantly associated with increased overall work impairment and impairment in activities of daily living in working patients with uveitis.

TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS` CRITICAL THINKING IN ART LESSONS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The relevance of the development of critical thinking among modern students has been determined. The definition of “critical thinking” by well-known researchers is considered, the purpose and tasks, development tools, and conditions for creating an environment for the development of critical thinking are defined. The practical methods of developing critical thinking, which are used in the lessons of musical literacy and practical music making, are substantiated. The question of the formation of critical thinking of students of general secondary education institutions by interactive methods (game, intellectual, artistic association, theatricalization, practical-artistic, socially significant activity, information, activation of independent work, reflection) and with the participation of information technology was studied.

Outside the comfort zone? Lessons learnt from the early stages of a large-scale WOP programme

ABSTRACT Capacity development is at the core of water operators' partnerships (WOPs), which aim to enhance the capacities and performance of water and sanitation service providers. This study sought to understand the factors in a WOP that favour or hinder the start-up phase of WOP projects. Fifty interviews were performed with representatives of the lead, beneficiary and additional partners of 18 projects of the European Commission programme during the first year of the programme. The article finds that WOP projects represent a considerable challenge for the staff of water utilities as participating in such partnerships requires a skill set that is different from the skills required in their daily work activities. The findings also suggest that the facilitation of the WOP start-up can smoothen and accelerate the development of WOP projects. Moreover, the article argues that because of limited time and financial resources, WOP projects need to find a balance between prioritizing impacts that can be achieved using the variety of capacity strengthening approaches that are available.

P130 Unmet needs and treatment preferences concerning digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis

Abstract Background/Aims Digital Ulcers (DU) affect around half of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and are associated with significant pain and difficulties in daily life. Despite available treatment options, DUs are often recalcitrant and recurrent. Our aim was to examine the patients’ perspectives concerning the unmet needs and treatment of SSc-DUs. Methods SSc patients with past DU were invited through international patient associations/social media to participate in an online English-language survey. The survey was launched on 31st January 2023 and open for four weeks. Results A total of 358 evaluable responses were collected from 11 countries, mainly from USA (65.6%), UK (11.5%) and Canada (4.5%). 81,6% of respondents were aged 30-70 years and 93% were female. Almost all (96.1%) had &amp;gt;1DU during the course of their disease (46% &amp;gt;10 DUs), mainly localised on the fingertips (84.9%). DUs have broad-ranging impacts: activities of daily living (79% ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’), work activities (73% ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’), future planning (64% ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’), and interpersonal relationships and/or social activities (59% ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’). Only one quarter (26.2%) of respondents were satisfied with currently available treatments, or treatment efficacy on main ulcer symptoms such as pain (24%). Half (51.7%) of respondents received wound/ulcer care, with only a third (31.4%) via a dedicated rheumatological/wound care clinic. The most frequent DU interventions were: wound cleaning (58.9%), ulcer dressing (63.2%) and debridement (27%), while botulinum (8.1%), fat injection (1.6%), sympathectomy (10.3%), and surgery (16.8%) were less frequent. Among respondents, the majority (71.3%) were ‘likely’ or ‘very likely’ to consider local DU treatment, 68.4% oral therapy, 43.8% intravenous treatments and 30.4% surgical approach. Figure 1 presents respondents perceived factors that may delay DU healing (1A), reasons to seek healthcare professional advice (1B), and reasons to change treatment (1C). Education about tDU complications is limited (34.1%), including recognition (30.8%), and actions to be taken (25%). Conclusion DUs have significant broad-ranging impacts there are many unmet needs have emerged. Local wound care is not standardized across specialist centers and patient education is often neglected. Dedicated treatment recommendations are urgently needed to optimise the therapeutic strategy, including non-pharmacological interventions. Disclosure G. Bandini: None. A. Alunno: None. B. Ruaro: None. I. Galetti: None. B. Alcacer-Pitarch: None. F. Oliveira Pinheiro: None. G. Campanaro: None. J. Jade: None. L. Muir: None. A. Moggi Pignone: None. Z. McMahan: None. K. El Aoufy: None. M. Matucci Cerinic: None. M. Hughes: None.

Development of professional competencies of future technical university specialists through professionally-oriented teaching of mathematics

Relevance. In modern conditions of globalisation, the issue of the prospects for the organisation of professionally oriented mathematics education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the most important problems for improving the quality of technical education in the state. Purpose. The purpose of the study is the analysis and practical implementation of the methodological component to increase the levels of readiness of future specialists of a technical university for the development of professional competencies, as a guarantee of the education of a competent specialist ready to carry out professional activities. Methodology. The following methods are used: analysis, comparison, systematisation, classification, generalisation and experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The study conducted at Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University developed a methodological toolkit aimed at enhancing the professional competencies of future technical university specialists through professionally-oriented mathematics education. Key findings include the identification of effective pedagogical conditions, such as diverse educational activities, the activation of independent cognitive work, the integration of digital technologies in mathematics education, and the use of professionally-oriented tasks, which collectively contribute to higher levels of readiness among students. Conclusions. The research underscores the importance of a structured approach to professionally-oriented mathematics education in technical universities. By implementing a methodological system that incorporates components and criteria of readiness, educational institutions can significantly improve the professional competencies of future specialists. The study suggests that further refinement of these methodologies can continue to elevate the quality of technical education in the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring that graduates are well-prepared for professional activities. Keywords: higher education; teaching methods; components of readiness; pedagogical conditions of training; digital technologies

Negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome in health personnel in hospitals I-4

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the work activity of healthcare personnel around the world, since it has altered their daily lives and modified their work performance, which has generated an increase in the incidence of the Syndrome of Burnout.Objective: describe the relationship between negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome of health personnel in type I-4 hospitals of the Ministry of Health, Lima-2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: this is a study with a quantitative approach, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional design, with a population of 19,325 subjects, including doctors, nurses and technical staff of type I-4 hospitals in Lima, Peru. The statistical sample was 377 participants; The established variables were: psychosocial factors at work and Burnout Syndrome.Results: a variability was observed in the incidence of Burnout Syndrome, where 48,3 % of individuals presented a low level; 49,4 %, a medium level and only 2,2 %, a high level. The correspondence between negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome indicates that the crossover between medium-level negative psychosocial factors and medium-level Burnout Syndrome is the most frequent, with a value of 48,3 %.Conclusions: finally, it is concluded that the negative psychosocial factors associated with Burnout Syndrome are mainly characterized by the conditions of the workplace, the work role, career development, as well as the workload

PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES AFTER OPEN LOWER LIMB FRACTURE REPAIR

IntroductionOpen fractures are complex injuries associated with substantial morbidity. These injuries are associated with harm to both physical and emotional health as well as preclusion of work, social, and leisure activities. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and health related quality of life are critical indicators of successful rehabilitation following open fracture treatment. This study aimed to measure the PROMs for patients with open lower limb fractures and investigate the relationship with injury severity.Materials &amp; MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed at a single major trauma centre in the UK. All adult patients with an open lower limb fracture were eligible for inclusion. Patients were identified through a search of a local Open Fracture Database. Epidemiological, clinical, and fracture classification data were obtained by reviewing case notes. Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS) and EQ5-D were used as PROMs and measured by a postal questionnaire, alongside return to employment data.ResultsA total of 73 patients responded to the questionnaire. Median LEFS was 42 (IQR 26.5 – 59.5), and median EQ5-D was 0.69 (IQR 0.48 – 0.89). There was no significant association between open fracture classification and PROMs. Over 40% of patients reported a change in employment due to their injury. Those who changed jobs had a statistically significant reduction in the EQ5-D of 0.12 (p = 0.021); no significant difference existed in LEFS.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the devastating functional impact of open fractures. This cohort of open injuries reported lower functional and quality-of-life measures compared to population norms. Injury classification was not a valuable predictor of PROMs. A substantial proportion of patients were forced to change employment due to their injury, and these patients reported a significantly lower quality of life. Further work is required to understand the factors contributing to open fracture PROMs.

Diagnostic Instrument Design: Teleworking Efficiency Index

Purpose: To present the design of a new diagnostic tool called “Telework Efficiency Index” that is able to evaluate the performance of the telework modality for any business activity. Method: For the design of the telework efficiency index, it was necessary to reveal some current experiences of the phenomenon of telework in Argentina, carrying out a field investigation through surveys and in-depth interviews with three companies operating at national and international level, two of them belonging to the telecommunications and IT sector, and another, belonging to the tourism sector as a corporate agency. Results and conclusion: The field research carried out for the design of a new teleworking diagnostic tool, shows quite strong results of the benefits associated with the company and its workers. There is a better balance between work and family/personal activity in terms of a proportion of time spent on the order of 45% for work activities and 35% for family and personal leisure activities. í 83.33% of respondents say that the link in the ón labor relationship has improved since teleworking, and with respect to the link with their íworkñ 60% say that it has improved. In addition, 60% said they were á with teleworking, and the remaining 40% were very satisfied. Being that 50% states that the level of stress at work has decreased and has significantly improved their quality of life at the same time as their work performance. é. The biggest deficiency in 76.66% lies in the imperative need to educate and train the skills and abilities of people to perform telework optimally. The telework efficiency index represents a diagnostic tool that evaluates the performance of telework, taking as a central axis of analysis the person who exercises telework over other variables of lower incidence such as the technological infrastructure and the economic and financial aspects of organizations. Implications of research: A phenomenon of growing global trend is taken as a starting point, which emerges strongly in recent decades as a result of the great development of information and communication technologies in the productive and social field, and in particular, from the COVID-19 pandemic that has definitively consolidated telework as a new modality of work organization, which benefits all parties involved. In this framework, the design of a diagnostic tool "telework efficiency index" that evaluates the performance of telework is presented, and facilitates better strategic decisions in organizations in the new era that transits society and the productive sector. Originality/value: This study allows to present to the productive community a new diagnostic tool that evaluates the performance of telework, where the psychological and emotional aspects of the people willing to exercise telework over technological issues are placed in the center of the scene. This tool provides an original contribution of analysis to the discipline, considering telework as a disruptive methodology of work organization.

Analisis Tingkat Risiko Bahaya Area Kerja Laundrybox dengan Metode HIRARC

Laundry is a business sector that has the potential to cause the danger of work accidents. each potential danger has a different way of handling it. This research was conducted to find out the potential danger that could occur in a laundry business. HIRARC is a method used as a means of analyzing potential risks that may occur in work activities. From this research, it was found there are three activities or processes were identified as having potential dangers. These three activities consisted of spraying fragrances, using a clothes dryer, and inaccurate gas installation. Spraying fragrances has a high potential of danger with a risk rating value of 3 this potential danger can be prevented by using a facemask and glasses while working. The second activity is the use of a clothes dryer which has a low potential of danger with a risk rating value of 1, this activity can be prevented by implementing a safe action. The final work activity is a less careful gas installation with a moderate level of danger with a risk rating value of 2, more attention is needed when installing the regulator and using a good quality regulator. Keywords: HIRARC, laundry, risk

Examining /l/ variation in Singaporean bilingual child-directed speech for sociophonetic insights

Language is integrated into multiple dimensions of human behavior, and social work is essentially a language-centered activity. Although language plays a key role in many social work activities, few studies have explored its significance from the perspective of differences. This paper introduces the process of language conceptualization in social work and points out the limitations of some existing conceptual perspectives in the multilingual context in which language and social work are viewed. In English language variation, language variation mainly includes dialect, stress, register and variation. Dialects are the starting point of the study of language variation, so this paper takes dialects as a representative to study this field. First, the definition of language variation and its related factors are introduced and discussed, and how to define and study language variation is further discussed. Second, dialects are taken as a representative area to delve deeper into language variation. The different types and features of dialects are analyzed. Finally, the influence of dialects and language variation on education, society and other aspects is reviewed, highlighting some of the important effects observed in previous research.

Real-world evidence from a European cohort study of patients with treatment resistant depression: Country-specific data for Portugal

BackgroundTreatment resistant depression (TRD; failure to respond to ≥2 treatments in the same major depressive episode) affects 10–30 % of patients with major depressive disorder. In Portugal, the disease burden is estimated to exceed that of heart failure, highlighting the critical unmet needs of these patients. MethodsA non-interventional cohort study of patients with TRD collected real-world data from several European countries. All patients started a new antidepressant treatment at baseline. We present a sub-analysis of baseline characteristics and Month 6 treatment outcomes in Portuguese patients. ResultsAmong 411 patients enrolled, 37 were Portuguese. At baseline, 45.9 % of Portuguese patients had severe depression versus 32.6 % of the total study population. Portuguese patients had numerically greater impairments in work and productivity, measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire and the Sheehan Disability Scale. There was considerable heterogeneity in treatments used in the Portuguese subgroup, with 31 different treatment strategies reported. At Month 6, a greater proportion of Portuguese patients (n = 27) achieved either response or remission (40.7 %) compared with the total study population (n = 306; 26.5 %). LimitationSmall patient numbers in the Portuguese subgroup. ConclusionsThe higher baseline disease severity and productivity impairment in the Portuguese subgroup relative to the total study population suggests notable societal disease burden, whilst the heterogeneity of treatments used indicates a lack of clinical consensus. Despite Portuguese patients reporting higher rates of response and remission than the overall study population, most patients failed to respond to treatment, highlighting an unmet need for TRD in Portugal.

Examining the implications of work–nonwork demand congruence

AbstractExamining the implications of excessive work demands on employee well‐being is an important research area of occupational health psychology. Recovery during nonwork time has been emphasized as an important process for mitigating the negative implications of excessive work demands. However, this notion ignores the potential for nonwork activities to be comparably demanding to work activities. There has been a lack of attention paid to the potentially complex interrelationships between work and nonwork demands. Using the effort–recovery and challenge–hindrance stressor models, we developed a set of hypotheses for both the positive and negative implications of the interplay between employee work and nonwork cognitive demands. We collected information on cognitive workweek job demands (Friday) and nonwork cognitive weekend demands (Sunday) from a sample of workers (N = 146), and we used polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine how different aspects of work–nonwork cognitive demand (in)congruence related to Monday work engagement. In general, higher cognitive workweek job demands promoted work engagement, even when nonwork cognitive demands were equally high. Cognitive demand incongruence that favoured higher cognitive work demands was also beneficial for employee work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area.

Burnout : Symptoms, diagnostics and treatment approaches

Burnout syndrome is characterized by the triad of symptoms exhaustion, mental distance from work activities and afeeling of ineffectiveness. The syndrome is not an independent mental disorder but can be coded in the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) as aproblem related to difficulties in coping with life (Z73) and in ICD-11 as aqualifying diagnosis (QD85). This article discusses the prevalence and comorbidities of burnout syndrome, taking the methodological difficulties in conceptualizing and operationalizing the construct into account. In addition, it provides an overview of available measurement instruments and their validation. Furthermore, it discusses work-related and individual factors in the development of burnout syndrome as well as analysis of the effectiveness of treatment options.

The clay-shoveler’s fracture, a rare occupational injury in the modern era: a case report

BackgroundThe clay-shoveler fracture, named after Australian clay shovelers from the 1930s, results from high-energy, repetitive pulling mechanisms and is commonly associated with shoveling or digging. This injury primarily affects the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, particularly the C7 and T1 vertebrae. The avulsion mechanism, caused by stress on the spinous processes, may lead to sudden, severe upper back pain, limiting the affected individual’s ability to work effectively.Case presentationThis report presents the case of a 27-year-old boiler operator who experienced persistent neck pain, which did not respond to conservative management. Imaging studies revealed a T1 spinous process fracture with associated soft tissue edema, diagnosed as a clay-shoveler fracture. Conventional treatment with a semirigid cervical collar, analgesia, and rest was administered, leading to a favorable outcome.The clay-shoveler fracture, though rare, should be considered in cases involving repetitive stress on the cervical and thoracic spine, especially in occupations that require heavy lifting. In most instances, conservative management proves effective in relieving pain and enabling recovery.ConclusionRecognizing the clay-shoveler fracture is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. This case report underscores the occupational nature of the injury and its association with specific work activities. Further research and reporting of similar cases will contribute to a deeper understanding of this unusual fracture pattern, its risk factors, and optimal management strategies.

Teachers’ motivation and engagement to harness generative AI for teaching and learning: The role of contextual, occupational, and background factors

Since their release in late 2022, generative AI (genAI) tools have led to widespread use, including among teachers. The aim of our study is to examine several factors that may be implicated in teachers' motivation and engagement to harness genAI in teaching and learning. We examined contextual (i.e., autonomy-supportive leadership, autonomy-thwarting leadership), occupational experience (i.e., professional growth striving, change-related stress), and background factors (i.e., gender, age, teaching experience, contract length, class size, school level) as predictors of motivation (i.e., genAI valuing) and, in turn, engagement (i.e., integration in teaching-related work and student learning activities). Among 339 Australian teachers, our findings revealed that perceived autonomy-supportive leadership, professional growth striving, and change-related stress were linked with greater genAI valuing. In turn, genAI valuing was associated with greater genAI integration in both teaching-related work and student learning activities. Perceived autonomy-thwarting leadership was directly linked with greater genAI integration in student learning activities, and professional growth striving was directly associated with greater genAI integration in teaching-related work. Teachers’ gender and school level were also linked with the motivation and engagement factors, and there were several indirect associations as well. Our results pinpoint areas of focus for future research, policy, and practice to support genAI and its application in schools.