Product Development Activities Research Articles

CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA integration to support product life cycle engineering: a conceptual framework

Life cycle engineering (LCE) targets product development and manufacturing activities from a life cycle perspective, with the aim to create more sustainable solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which systematically and quantitatively evaluates the environmental impacts associated with the product, is recognized as an essential tool for LCE. However, the complexity of inventory analysis and data structure can discourage the use of LCA by engineers. Most computer-aided engineering and computer integrated manufacturing tools do not effectively support LCA. This paper proposed the conceptual framework of CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA integration for an information environment to address the challenge. The general product life cycle representation is analyzed by tangible product and intangible process perspectives. A multi-view life cycle model is proposed for linking product and process engineering with LCA and life cycle data integration. Following the life cycle model, the integrated CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA system’s conceptual architecture is presented, the challenges to the data flows among system components identified and the critical functional requirements of the system to support sustainable product and process engineering proposed. The framework serves as the stepping stone for next-stage work on software engineering.

Proposal of a sustainable strategic positioning matrix: application in the development of a product / Proposta de uma matriz de posicionamento estratégico sustentável: aplicação no desenvolvimento de um produto

Companies that do not assess their products from the environmental and economic standpoints will come across difficulties to survive in the market. The Sustainable Strategic Positioning Matrix (MPESus) was developed as a tool to analyze the environmental and financial impacts of products considering the production chain, enabling the comparison of performance. The investigation was conducted in four stages: the first looks into the literature as the basis for the research into elements that are relevant; the second proposes the matrix and the investigation method; the third applies the proposals in an actual product development process, which is the result of a project; this application enabled the fourth stage, which analyzes the method proposed and discusses its results considering the context in which it was applied. The matrix proposed is supported by three pillars: the environmental impact of the production chain of a given product; profit; and Increased Economic Return (IER), whose concept was developed during the research. The interaction between these dimensions is the main theme of discussion, and the main result of this study was the production of knowledge and information to assist in the decision-making process towards improvements both in the product and in its production chain.

Exploring the antecedents and consequences of effectuation in NPD: the moderating role of firm size

ABSTRACT Using survey data from 291 Chinese firms, we explore the potential antecedents and consequences of effectuation in new product development (NPD) activities, as well as investigating the moderating role of firm size. We find that effectuation has a positive effect on new product creativity (NPC). We further find that both environmental dynamism (ED) and slack resources (SR) have a positive effect on effectuation. In terms of the moderating role of firm size, we find it weakens the relationship between ED and effectuation, but strengthens the relationship between SR and effectuation. Our findings support the active role effectuation plays in boosting NPC and extend existing understanding of how ED and SR promote effectuation respectively. The study also highlights the different moderating roles of firm size between two antecedents and effectuation.

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN PINEAPPLE AGROINDUSTRY WASTE UTILIZATION AS AN INGREDIENT OF SNACKS IN SUBANG DISTRICTS

Background:The development of agro-industry in Indonesia remains facing many obstacles. In addition to the environmental wasteproblem, the low ability to process products leads to their low added value, as faced bypineapple agro-industry associationin Barokah Agro Lestari (BAL). This community service activity is important to improve beneficial and economical value of pineapple agro-industry. Purpose: This activity aims to reduce the environmental burdenof pineapple agro-industry by product by implementing technology to give its added value as well as providing a healthy snack alternative for society. Method: This community service activity is carried out through counseling, training and education related to waste product of pineapple. These activities included the preparation phase, the selection of organic waste of pineapple, bioactive component testing, testing of nutrients and food formulation. Results:The community service program was conducted at PT Karya Masyarakat Mandiri in Subang District and attended by 30 pineapple farmers from Cirangkong village, gathered in Barokah Agro Lestari (BAL). Training was done by administering stages of activity systemically, exposure of the material using visual methods, cooking demonstration for the training activities of processing and product development. Conclusion: Community service activities and training in processing the pineapple stem waste can be a means of empowering local communities. Processing organic waste into food products help improving the community skills and motivation for business development through organic waste treatment.

Requirement Acquisition Method of Product Life cycle Based on HLDA Hierarchy Model under the Background of Web Technology

Product requirement is the goal of product development and design activities, which originates from all stages of product life cycle. In the process of acquiring product requirements, there are some problems such as incomplete mining of product requirements and fuzzy structural expression. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a product life cycle requirements acquisition method based on axiomatic design. Firstly, web technology is applied to collect requirements information, and based on HLDA hierarchy model, the requirements information is classified according to the whole life cycle stages of products; then, the product requirements mining model based on axiomatic design is established to mine the requirements of the whole product life cycle; finally, the product requirements model tree is structured and the product life cycle requirement model is established; This paper takes shield machine segment erector as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed product life cycle requirements acquisition method.

Multitask Learning for Complaint Identification and Sentiment Analysis

In today’s competitive business world, customer service is often at the heart of businesses that can help strengthen their brands. Resolution of customers’ complaints in a timely and efficient manner is key to improving customer satisfaction. Moreover, customers’ complaints play an important role in identifying their requirements which offer a starting point for effective and efficient planning of companies’ overall R&D and new product or service development activities. Having said that, organizations encounter challenges towards automatically identifying complaints buried deep in massive online content. Our current work centers around learning two closely related tasks, viz. complaint identification and sentiment classification. We leverage weak supervision to annotate the corpus with sentiment labels. We propose a deep multitask framework that features a knowledge element that uses AffectiveSpace to infuse commonsense knowledge specific features into the learning process. The framework models complaint identification (the primary task) and sentiment classification (supplementary task) simultaneously. Experimental results show that our proposed multitask system obtains the highest cross-validation accuracy of 83.73 +/- 1.52 % for the complaint identification task and 69.01 +/- 1.74 % for the sentiment classification task. Our proposed multitask system outperforms the single-task systems indicating a strong correlation between sentiment analysis and complaint classification tasks, thus benefiting from each other when learned concurrently.

Can Numeration Ability Be Enhanced Through Physical Activity of Traditional Tabak Games?

The purpose of this study was to develop traditional tabak games into playing and learning media for elementary school students’ Mathematics learning. The research method used is a product development activity, so this type of research includes research and development. In the R&D research model chosen, the research and development model developed by (Gall Borg & P). Based on the stages of the research that has been carried out, the results of this research are a discovery in learning physical education and learning mathematics based on culture which is packaged in traditional Tabak games, and the advantages of this research result are made in video form and can be accessed easily via YouTube account. The conclusion in this study is that the traditional game of tabak based on numeracy skills is a discovery in learning mathematics and physical education based on culture which is packaged through tabak games. This research innovation makes it easier for elementary school students to understand mathematics learning, especially arithmetic material, and can be applied through physical education learning and students can play independently and in groups in the student’s neighborhood. This product can help to enrich the cultural knowledge of West Kalimantan and increase physical activity.

A model for fostering creativity in the product development process

ABSTRACT The present paper illustrates a pilot experiment in which a new model for fostering creativity in the product development process is tested with novice engineers. After introducing creativity in the field of product development, the current author presents the new standard. The theoretical background that embodies the new model is presented, based on relevant literature. Making use of the new model, a methodology for testing it, using novice engineers is then proposed. It relies on the comparison between novices that were trained in the model in comparison to other novices that were not trained in the model. Higher results for creativity achieved by novice engineers that have employed the model show the advantages of its application during product development activities.

How to ensure sustainability of economic and social activities post earthquake a case study in Lombok West Nusatenggara Indonesia

One of the serious problems caused by the Lombok earthquake on July 28, 2018 was the cessation of people's productive activities, so that their survival was threatened. The purpose of this research was to build a model of economic recovery post earthquake in Lombok, West Nusatenggara that can be used as a model for post earthquake regional economic recovery in Indonesia. The analytical methods used were SAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results of study showed that the mental recovery of the community after the earthquake was the most important problem before economic recovery. To recover the community's economy, the development of coconut sugar and handicraft-based home industries was the most potential productive activity to ensure the sustainability of people's lives. The conclusion of this study was mental recovery and the development of productive activities based on regional superior natural resources were the main keys to economic recovery post earthquake.

Two dimensions of the evolution process by R&D subsidiaries in MNCs: comparative analysis of Coca-Cola and 3M in Japan

This study discusses the evolution process of R&D overseas subsidiaries that develop new global products within their own multinational companies. Based on a survey of prior studies, this study analysed the process of the results in product development activities (PDAs) by overseas subsidiaries, focusing on MNC and local environmental factors. In addition, we focused on two dimensions of PDAs: originality and geographical scope. We conducted a comparative analysis of the Coca-Cola Company's Japanese subsidiary (CCJC) and 3M's Japanese subsidiary (3MJ), both of which are one of the largest R&D subsidiaries in their groups. Consequently, we noted that MNC factors are likely to promote the expansion of geographical scope of PDA results, while the local environmental factors are likely to promote originality. Furthermore, we found that the influence of the parent company can suppress originality in PDA results. We believe that these findings will contribute to future research.

The prototyping fungibility framework

Prototyping is an indispensable activity in product development that facilitates the generation of knowledge in the design process. It is crucial that this knowledge is the right knowledge (e.g., type, fidelity, and accessibility) to ensure stakeholders can evaluate and decision-make effectively. While this is well-recognised, prior work has focused on classifying prototyping/prototypes by their attributes rather than the knowledge they generate. As prototyping methods have a significant impact on the knowledge generated, both in the activity and resulting prototype, a means by which methods can be classified against knowledge generated would enable support of prototyping method selection, equivalence, and substitution.To this end, this paper presents the existing concept of fungibility – a context-specific value judgement as to whether two ‘objects’ are the same, and therefore capable of mutual substitution – and considers it in the context of prototyping and knowledge generation. In so doing, the paper provides a framework by which prototyping processes may be compared against their knowledge contributions to determine if they are fungible. This is then shown to support prototyping method comparison, selection and direction.After defining the fungibility framework, value is demonstrated via an illustrative example where it has been applied to the comparison of two prototyping instances. The framework is then appraised for its utility and limitations.

Definition and Reference Framework for Life Cycle Technologies in Life Cycle Engineering - a Case Study on All Solid State Traction Batteries

Life cycle engineering (LCE) methods are essential in the development of next generation energy storage systems in order to avoid harmful unintended environmental consequences. Moreover, the integration of life cycle knowledge early in the development stage of such technologies can lead to improved performance in regard to their environmental impact. Extensive information from all stages is needed to understand interdependencies along the life cycle, e.g. between required raw materials, applied processing parameters and lifetime behaviour of the battery. From an LCE perspective, the development of detailed and representative inventories for the assessment of traction batteries is a time and resource intensive process, which requires a difficult synchronization with product development activities. A cyber and physical integration of Life Cycle Technologies in a product system offers the potential to reduce data collection efforts while enhancing its robustness and reliability. Life Cycle Technologies can refer to any product- or process- integrated data acquisition technology, e.g. sensors, which can be leveraged to provide knowledge about a product’s life cycle performance. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Life Cycle Technologies and their potential to maximize the functionality of traction batteries while reducing their life cycle environmental impact. Furthermore, we present a reference architecture aiming at the development and integration of such technologies. Finally, we illustrate its application in a case study of All Solid State Batteries and discuss its usability in the development of new generation battery systems.

An Empirical Analysis of determinants for Prototype Mass Production and Prototype Quality Level: The Case of The Hardware Start-up

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the prototype mass production of Start-up companies, and to confirm the mediating effect of the quality level of prototypes on the prototype mass production, and to provide directions for the company's new product development activities. The target of this research was selected as the person in charge of new product development who best grasps the matters related to new products, and the questionnaire was written by the Likert scale was conducted online. The data were empirically analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) statistics package. The analysis of frequency, reliability, validity, and regression analysis were performed. As a result of this research, the effect of Characteristic of Start-up on Prototype Mass Production was analyzed, and at the same time, the mediating effect of Prototype Quality Level on Prototype Mass Production was analyzed. The results of regression analysis and parameter verification are as follows. First, as Characteristic of Start-up, Organizational Convergence Level, Similar Product Manufacturing experience, and Utilization Level of Government Support was found to have a positive (+) effect on Prototype Mass Production. Next, as Characteristic of Start-up, Organizational Convergence Level, Similar Product Manufacturing experience, and Utilization Level of Government Support were found to have a positive (+) effect on Prototype Quality Level. Finally, in the relationship between Characteristic of Start-up and Prototype Mass Production, it was verified that Prototype Quality Level is mediated as a partial mediating and complete mediating. Characteristic of Start-up is important for Prototype Mass Production, and the mediating effect of Prototype Quality Level has been verified.

Cognitive Matching of Design Subjects in Product Form Evolutionary Design.

In actual product development, the cognitive differences between users and designers make it difficult for the designed products to be recognized by users. To reduce the cognitive differences between these two design subjects, this paper proposes a method of cognitive matching of the design subjects. First, we use the relevant methods of Kansei engineering to quantify the Kansei image cognition of the two design subjects and construct a cognitive matching model of the design subjects with information entropy and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Second, according to the Kansei image, the Kansei image prototype cluster is constructed, and the representative Kansei image prototype is obtained. Then, we combine an artificial neural network (ANN) with a cognitive matching model of the design subjects to construct a product Kansei image evaluation system; this is used to evaluate the evolved forms. Finally, a product Kansei image form evolution system is constructed based on the genetic algorithm (GA). To some extent, the system simulates the cognitive matching process between designers and users in product design, helps designers to more accurately understand the cognitive trends of the two design subjects, and provides a theoretical basis for the intelligent design of product forms through the cognitive balance of multiple design subjects. This paper takes a beverage bottle as an example to verify the feasibility of the model through a comparative study.

The Republic Period of the Turkish Automotive Industry and Product Design

After the First World War, during the transitional period the Republic of Turkey from the Ottoman Empire, this qualitative research that sheds light on changes and variations were the focus of the industry, for the conservation and use of located original value in the historical development, it has been compiled with archival-tracer information. The Ottoman Empire, after the industrial revolution, these historical studies that discussed the effects of the touch industry has ceded to the Republic of Turkey, in the automotive assembly industry realized the product development and product design activities, with examples of significant diffraction in all, were transferred with qualitative data. The main objectives of the study are how and why the automotive industry, which was established before the world wars and restructured afterwards, came to life in the global context and the regional developments it showed. Therefore, in the coming days, the study was carried out in a narrow field in order to understand the global integrity where geographical regions converge, and the structure in which full integration has been completed in companies and organizations in the automotive industry. In this context, the geographical continent transition taking place among Turkey’s automotive industry, within the limits of qualitative studies, creating a historical perspective, the region, released today stems from the importance of global integration centers. In this context, Turkey is located between geographic continent transitions to create operating limits of the automotive industry, the global integration of the indicator is due primarily to the fact that the reveal. The study evaluated two different development structures in the automotive industry: mass manufacturing and vehicle design, product development. Therefore, examining the development of the automotive assembly industry in the light of original product design studies, which constitute the basic requirement of mass manufacturing, strengthened the cause and effect flow. Under the new technology-oriented, original product design, the enhancement or sustainability of global competitiveness, regional mass manufacturing industry, specific applications for the automotive sector were included in the findings and main results of the research. In addition, the use of common platforms and parts between global companies in the automotive assembly industry or a common design approach in cost-oriented mass manufacturing has been determined within the scope of the research boundaries. The global competition that shapes the basic development of the automotive industry, the brand and model memory of regional markets, short product life cycles, product diversity and increasing consumer demands, predictable implementation of similar basic strategies have shaped the background of the study. Research limits built-in, well situated Turkey’s automotive assembly industry in the 1960s to set up and under liberal policies in the mid-1980s to be included with mass manufacturing capacity with a special agreement with the European customs union, today, global integration, to be completed by Asian companies cannot stay away from the expected in this sector in the working axis is revealed.

Ambidexterity in collaborative new product development processes

PurposeThe objective of the present research is to explore how firms, when engaged in collaborative new product development (NPD) activities, may be understood to be successful or unsuccessful in achieving ambidextrous processes. The study explores the organizational and managerial practices inside the firm and in the supply chain that enable or constrain the firm in reaching a balance between exploitation and exploration when engaged with NPD.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was adopted with the ambition to develop new theoretical insight. Insights from multiple NPD projects in a single highly innovative firm were collected and coded.FindingsThe analysis shows how the organization of the NPD projects, alignment strategies, approaches to reward structure, supplier integration willingness and absorptive capacity were all formative in the firms' abilities to achieve ambidexterity in the NPD processes.Originality/valueThe presented research expands knowledge of how ambidextrous NPD processes can be reached. It demonstrates how a complex combination of factors and practices internal to the firm and concerning its supplier management strategies and practices enables or constrains ambidexterity in NPD processes. The results allow managers to devise more informed strategies and design decisions to enable NPD processes that reach adequate and simultaneous concerns for exploitation and exploration.

Exploring the link between uncertainty and project activities in new product development

Uncertainty is central to engineering design and new product development (NPD). While there has been substantial focus on dealing with uncertainty in technical systems and design information, how engineering designers react to and manage uncertainty is also critical to performance. However, an important gap remains in understanding what activities NPD teams engage in based on the specific uncertainty types they face. This gap is investigated via a conceptual framework detailing four uncertainty types (technical, organisational, resource and market) and three project activities (information, knowledge sharing and representation). Evidence is presented from two engineering design cases with 45 interviews, observations, and secondary data. Based on this, specific links are described between uncertainty type and project activity as follows: technical uncertainty drove representation activity, organisational uncertainty drove knowledge sharing activity, resource uncertainty drove knowledge sharing activity, and market uncertainty drove information activity. These findings are developed into a number of propositional relationships between the four uncertainty types and specific project activities, which form the basis for a number of implications for engineering design research and practice.

Fast Industrial Product Design Method and its Application Based on 3D CAD System

With the rapid development of science and technology and the emergence of new technologies, the speed of product upgrading has accelerated, and the life cycle has been significantly shortened, leading to increasingly fierce market competition. Through the analysis of the enterprise product development process, combined with CAD-based product rapid design technology and parametric design technology, this paper proposes a product configuration editor based on three-dimensional software with a visual interface, and combines it with the PDM system. A software system that can be applied to actual product development is formed. Finally, the feasibility of a vehicle steering gear product design process is proved in practice. The research of this article mainly has the following two aspects of academic significance: this article describes the process of product development and design by enterprises under the mass customization production mode. After analyzing the application of CAD technology in the product design process, we studied how to use advanced design knowledge to combine specific three-dimensional CAD software for rapid product design, which can guide manufacturing companies to better carry out product design work. It is proposed to improve and perfect the initial configuration results of products in a specific three-dimensional design environment, and it can communicate with data management systems such as PDM. The configuration results can be edited and modified in the 3D design environment, and when specific parts need to be modified and designed, the parametric module embedded in the 3D design software can be used to design directly, avoiding multiple heterogeneous systems switching back and forth between, shorten the development cycle. In addition, for enterprises, the research in this article is also of great application significance.

The mapping and analysis of minapolitan innovation network-based on capture fisheries, Pekalongan City

Pekalongan City is one of the cities appointed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to be developed as a capture fisheries-based minapolitan area. In order to boost production during the Minapolitan Area development, it is required to establish Production Development Activities packages, and one of them is Research and Development Package. Furthermore, to dynamize the flow of knowledge, innovation, and diffusion, and to learn within the framework of the Innovation System, an innovation network is needed. The initial step in developing an innovation network is by mapping and analyzing innovation networks. The purpose of this study is to map and analyze the minapolitan innovation network based on capture fisheries in Pekalongan City. Innovation network analysis is conducted using Social Network Analysis (SNA) method developed by Analytic Technologies Harvard. This SNA method is used to get a general picture of the interaction patterns of actors/institutions/actors that occur in innovation networks. The results of the analysis show that the density value of the capture fisheries-based minapolitan innovation network is 0.15 for the knowledge flow and 0.04 for the business flow. Hence it can be concluded that it is not a complete innovation network (the value of complete network density = 1). The level of connectivity between actors in this innovation network is still small, thus shows the social cohesion or solidarity among actors is still weak.

Leveraging inter-industry spillovers through DIY laboratories: Entrepreneurship and innovation in the global bicycle industry

DIY laboratories have the potential to advance new technologies, products and services through the leveraging of low-cost facilities by entrepreneurial individuals. We add to this emerging understanding of the DIY phenomenon by investigating the prevalence, operations and contextual factors that impact the use of DIY laboratories in the bicycle industry. We find two contexts in which DIY laboratories are utilised to develop component-level innovations: first, DIY laboratories are utilised as a low-cost way to enter an industry where the entrepreneur lacks the necessary financial resources and rely upon bootstrapping to build their enterprise. Second, and more frequently, DIY laboratories were used for the integration of diversified technical knowledge originating in other industries. Our study highlights the important role that DIY laboratories may play in leveraging inter-industry knowledge spillovers whereby DIY laboratories operate as incubators in the repurposing of diversified knowledge from high-technology sectors to lower-technology sectors to generate incremental innovation. Further, the modular product architecture of the bicycle helped facilitate the co-opting of technical knowledge prevalent in other industries by allowing entrepreneurs to focus their product development and subsequent commercialisation activities at the component level of the product artefact.