Course Of Activity Research Articles

EDUCATION ON THE IMPACT OF BULLYING ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS IN PESANTREN VILLAGE, TEMBELANG DISTRICT, JOMBANG REGENCY

Background: Bullying behavior causes serious negative impacts on the victim in the short and long term. Physical violence received by the victim caused by the perpetrator causes depression pressure and feelings of insecurity, resulting in victims not daring to go to school and socialize in the community to meet other people. The impact on the victim in the long term is that it causes the victim to experience emotional problems, low self-esteem, and difficulty socializing, which can cause feelings of suicide, of course, this reflects disturbed mental health. Objective: This service activity aims to increase understanding of the impact of bullying on adolescent mental health so that this negative behavior does not occur in adolescents. Method: This community service activity uses lecture and discussion methods which are carried out at Mrs. Mukhoyaroh's house in Pesantren village after the religious study event., on August 10, 2024. This activity of course begins with the preparation of materials, and location permission from the host and the head of the youth study group. Results: After providing education about the meaning of bullying, types, who are at risk of being bullied, the impact on mental health, and efforts to prevent bullying behavior Most teenage girls understand the impact of bullying on mental health, which can affect the psychological condition of teenagers in socializing with peers, teachers, and the community. the youth discussion session asked questions about what happens when bullying occurs, if it happens at school, immediately ask for help from the teacher and try to resist so that it doesn't happen again. Conclusion: This activity is very useful for teenagers in increasing knowledge that negative behavior such as bullying can have a bad impact on teenagers' mental health. Parents must provide emotional support to students or teenagers who are victims of bullying. Guidance and counseling program services are provided by the school. Must more intensively guide students or teenagers in preventing bullying.

Sistem Informasi Point of Sales Berbasis Web di Perusahaan Bangunan Andalas Jaya

Andalas Jaya building company is engaged in the sale of building goods or materials and transactions carried out every day are quite large, in their activities of course they require an accurate information system to make it easier to make sales transactions and record stock of goods. Making this sales and purchase information system using the Visual Studio Code program and for the database using MySQL. Researchers consider that operational activities at the Andalas Jaya Building Company are still carried out manually. Therefore, the researcher will design a Point of Sales website system to help Andalas Jaya Building Company by conducting qualitative research to get conclusions from the required sales website system. In realizing the creation of a good Point of Sales system website, researchers took the first steps such as making a system design consisting of architectural design, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, interface designs, website menu structures, and system implementation. With the creation of a Point of Sales website at the Andalas Jaya Building Company, it is hoped that it can help the business transaction process become more effective and efficient for further researchers to add different features.

Russian and Chinese national personalities: based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "property"

This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural description of the national personality in Russian and Chinese. The subject of this study is the Russian and Chinese language personality. The object represents national cultural similarities and differences. Russian National personality (RNL) and Chinese national personality (CNL) are studied on the basis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings of the Russian and Chinese languages, which reflect the concept of "property", the purpose of the study is to identify universal, national-specific and typological linguistic and cultural features of the Russian national personality (RNL) and the Chinese national personality (CNL). The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings devoted to property can be used in educational activities in courses of linguistic and cultural studies. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of thematic classification and systematization of linguistic material, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. The article for the first time considers the problem of Russian and Chinese national personalities, which had not previously been described in the linguistic and cultural aspect, analyzes for the first time the essential monetary values of RNL and CNL, indicates their stereotypical ideas and attitudes towards money, poverty, wealth, benefit, greed and debt. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The research shows that phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "property" recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantity and content. Russian and Chinese personalities view the representation of property in different ways. Unlike the Russian people, who pay more attention to the spirit, feelings and emotions, the inner world of the individual, rather than money and material well-being, the Chinese people are characterized by a consciousness of wealth, greed, a commercial streak and a desire for profit. Both RNL and KNL are distinguished by such spiritual characteristics as thrift and economy. They are not characterized by extravagance.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas XII MIPA 2 Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Dengan Pendekatan Saintifik di SMA Negeri 8 Maros

Scientific approach enable student more active in course of learning to teach. Scientific approach enable student to learn at the same time hook;correlate with everyday life either in family environment, school and also masayarakat. Hence from that, with applying of expected by scientific approach of student more active because brought to be items to be hooked;correlated direct with real life. This research aim to to increase result of learning Physics XII MIPA class student 2 passing applying model study of Discovery learning with scientific approach 1. Mean score result of learning Physics student at I cycle is equal to 96,06 from ideal score which is possible reached by student namely 100 with deviasi standard 4,54. Becoming, can be said that by most XII MIPA class student 2 complete in study of cycle I. Applying model study of Discovery Learning with scientific approach can improve result learn Physics student at XII MIPA class 2. Applying model study of Discovery Learning with effective scientific approach can improve livelines frequency and activity in course of learning to teach as according to perception of student attitude during execution research of class action at I cycle and II cycle.

Russian and Chinese national personalities: based on the material of phraseological units and proverbs with the concept of "religion"

This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural description of the national personality in Russian and Chinese. The subject of this study is the Russian and Chinese language personality. The object of this study represents national cultural similarities and differences; Russian and Chinese national personalities. The purpose of the study is to identify universal and national-specific linguistic and cultural features of Russian and Chinese national personalities based on phraseological units, proverbs of Russian and Chinese languages, which reflect the concept of "religion". The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexico-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs of religious subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, sociolinguistics. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. Russian and Chinese national personalities are analyzed for the first time in the article, which has not previously been described in the aspect of comparative linguoculturology, the traditional national religious value of Russian and Chinese personalities is considered for the first time, their stereotypical ideas and character traits under the influence of religion are indicated. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The research shows that phraseological units and proverbs with the concept of religion recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantity and content. The universal traditional religious values of the compared national personalities include faith in the existence of evil and good spirits, love of kindness and the idea of the goodness of human nature. Unlike the Russian people, the Chinese national personality is characterized by non-religion. For the Chinese personality, such religious values as longevity and immortality, great kindness, the desire for a simple life and love of nature, reward for good and evil, the concept of cause and effect, pious faith in the Buddha are of great importance; and for the Russian, a sense of guilt, thirst for suffering and the self-worth of the sacrifice itself, kindness, hard work, patience and faith.

Russian and Chinese national personalities: based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "family"

This article is devoted to the characteristics of Russian and Chinese national personalities based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "family". The subject of this study is the Russian national personality (RNL) and the Chinese national personality (CNL). The object of the study is the universal and national-specific linguistic and cultural features of Russian and Chinese national personalities. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexico-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings of family subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, sociolinguistics. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. Russian and Chinese national personalities are considered for the first time in the article, which has not previously been described in a comparative aspect, the traditional spiritual and cultural value of the family of Russian and Chinese personalities is analyzed for the first time, their stereotypical ideas and attitudes towards marriage, love, woman, man, wife, husband, parents, children, and relations to relatives are indicated which indicate common or different cultural attitudes among representatives of both linguistic cultures. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The study shows that phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of family recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantitative and substantive terms. Russian and Chinese personalities view such traditional family values as marriage, love, woman, man, wife, husband, parents, children, relatives, etc. in different ways. For the Chinese, family and kinship relations are of great importance, the preservation of which is carried out with the help of such cultural values as marital harmony, procreation, filial piety, fraternal friendship, peaceful family relations.

PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KADER STUNTING DI WILAYAH BINAAN PUSKESMAS BRINGIN MELALUI EDUKASI BERBASIS DIGITAL DENGAN METODE BRAINSTORMING DI ERA GLOBALISASI DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING

Stunting is a condition of failure to grow to achieve normal growth due to poor nutritional status in a long period of time. In the preliminary study, there were 5 children under two who were stunted at the Bringin Health Center and it was found that there was a lack of training and knowledge of cadres related to stunting. PkM participants are Stunting Cadres assisted by Bringin Community Health Center. The purpose of this PkM activity is to increase the knowledge of stunting cadres through digital-based education with the brainstorming method in stunting prevention. This is the basis for conducting community service with the title "Increasing Knowledge of Stunting Cadres in the Assisted Areas of Bringin Health Center through Digital-Based Education With Brainstorming Methods in the Era of Globalization in Stunting Prevention". The activity stage was preceded by coordination and communication activities with the Head of the Puskesmas and the Head of Cadres of the Assisted Areas of the Bringin Public Health Center, Semarang Regency. The implementation of Community Service (PKM) is carried out offline through digital-based education using the brainstorming method. The outputs of this PkM activity are the publication of scientific articles in the PkM journal, a 5-minute video of PkM activities, and the integration of the results of PkM activities in courses. The output of this PkM is expected to have an impact on increasing knowledge, improving the quality of abilities, as well as the real practice of stunting cadres in the Bringin Community Health Center target area in stunting prevention.

대학 교양수업에서 디지털 리터러시 역량 향상을 위한 자료 팅커링 활동의 효과 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tinkering activities as digital literacy practices in general education courses on the digital literacy competencies of university students. Methods To achieve the research objective, 197 students enrolled in a maker general education course at D University in Gyeongsangbuk-do were selected. Among them, 168 students were assigned to the experimental group, and 29 students were assigned to the control group. The experimental group engaged in tinkering activities online for 12 weeks while taking the maker general education course, after completing a pre-test for digital literacy. The control group only participated in the maker general education course and underwent a post-test for digital literacy. Results The post-test digital literacy scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=2.280, p=.012), and they were also significantly higher than the pre-test scores of the ex-perimental group (t=2.837, p=.003). Furthermore, an analysis of the differences in digital literacy scores based on students' major, grade, and gender revealed significant differences in gender in the pre-test results of the ex-perimental group (F=4.026, p=.047), as well as a significant interaction effect between major and gender (F=3.101, p=.048). In the post-test results of the experimental group, significant differences were found in digital literacy scores based on gender (F=5.278, p=.023). Conclusions Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the incorporation of tinkering activities in uni-versity maker general education courses can contribute to enhancing students' digital literacy levels. The im-provement effects were observed among students with various characteristics, particularly among male students in engineering and fine arts colleges. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of participating stu-dents when implementing tinkering activities in each course.

Society Participation in Course and Training Institutions (LKP) Bougenville Kecamatan Lubuk Basung

This study aims to explain: (1) community participation in terms of education on the development of LKP Bougenville Lubuk Basung in the form of financial participation, academic participation, cultural participation and evaluative participation (2) The level of community participation in education. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method based on Creswell's theory. The research setting was carried out at LKP Bougenville which is located on Jl. Gajah Mada Hilir Pasar, Lubuk Basung, Agam District, West Sumatra Province . Sources of data in this research are managers, instructors, LKP Bougenville employees, community, community leaders and alumni of course participants. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. In this study, the data validity technique used source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of this study indicate that: (1) community participation in terms of education on the development of LKP Bougenville Lubuk Basung has been carried out well. This can be seen from several aspects, such as participation in financial activities in the form of funding for educational activities for courses required by LKP Bougenville. Academic participation in the form of the role of parents in encouraging and motivating and facilitating their children during the education process. Cultural community participation in the form of voluntary promotion of the success of the program at LKP Bougenville. Evaluative participation in the form of community involvement in controlling the implementation of education, so that the community can provide feedback and assessments of the performance of educational institutions. (2) The implementation of the level of community participation in education at LKP Bougenville is at a strong level at the Partnership level.

Integrating Mini-Debates in Business & Society/Business Ethics Classes

In-class debates are an effective teaching method to cover contentious subjects. This article presents an experiential exercise in which students participate in debates pertaining to the inherent conflict between businesses’ profit motive and the broader interests of society. Included in this article are classroom instructions for the exercise and potential issues for debates. In addition to requiring students to consider the multiple perspectives of contentious business issues, mini-debates offer a highly interactive activity for courses at the undergraduate or graduate level.

STUDENT PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE NEWS OF THE DETERMINATION OF CORONAVIRUS (2019-nCoV) PANDEMIC INVASION AND THE NEW LIFESTYLE ORDER ON SOCIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM

It’s been being public consumption globally the news about new disease that came from Wuhan, China. This also caused a lot of anxiety to the several levels of society. Because, the transmission of this disease is very fast. Its called severe acute respiratory syndrom (SARS) that has been appeared in mid-December 2019. This time it appear with a new form called SARS-CoV-2 as the caused of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic which causes respiratory system disorder, acute pneumonia, until death.
 With the information that determines the percentage of virus transmission above make Indonesian people in particular experience excessive anxiety to the death will cause emotional dysfunction such neuroticism, depression, and psycosomatic disorder.
 With a massive news development of this Covid-19 everyday as the news headline, the government try to enforce the new normal policies that will no border to the public activity of course with the awarness of the health protocol.
 The perception that formed in to college student about the news of confirmation pandemic invasion of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and new normal life on social media instagram between one to another was not the same because affected by several factors and caused some perception effect to the communicant. Such as cognitive effect, affection effect, and behavioral effect that surely affect to the their daily activity.

Analisis Pemilihan Pemasok Kelapa Sawit yang Berkelanjutan dengan Menggunakan Metode PROMETHEE (Studi Kasus pada PT Perkebunan Nusantara III)

Suppliers are one of the business partners who play an important role in ensuring the availability of raw materials needed in production activities in a company. Companies in meeting the needs of raw materials in production activities of course conduct a selection of suppliers who can meet the supply of quality raw materials and on time in the delivery of goods. The purpose of this study is to develop a method of assessing the performance of palm oil suppliers that does not only look at economic criteria but also pays attention to sustainability factors, namely economic, social and environmental criteria in choosing the best supplier. The supplier performance assessment method aims to obtain the priority of the selected supplier by using the Multi Criteria Decision Making-PROMETHEE method. Assessment of supplier selection is carried out by filling out a questionnaire by two expert respondents, namely the Chief Engineer and Quality Assurance Assistant. This case study of sustainable supplier performance assessment was conducted in one of the state-owned companies engaged in plantation commodities, namely PT Perkebunan Nusantara III. Based on the type of decision-making using the PROMETHEE method, the suppliers selected and meeting the supplier performance assessment with sustainability criteria were UD. Satya Radja and UD. Meji Jaya suppliers with the highest Net Flow value of 0,1250.

Pelaksanaan Manajemen Kurikulum Pesantren Dalam Membentuk Karakter Mandiri Santri

Forming the independent character of students is not an easy job, where students who are accustomed to being in the cradle of their parents will tend to be spoiled and lazy when they have to face different realities in pesantren life, so good curriculum management is needed to grow their independent character. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic boarding school curriculum management, and efforts to form the independent character of students in the Daarus Sholah Islamic boarding school, Kampung Kajang, South Sangatta. This research applies qualitative research with descriptive research type, where the data obtained is data collected in the form of descriptions, and illustrations. The result is that pesantren curriculum management cannot be separated from the management function known as POAC, namely planning, organizing, actuating, controlling, where the four functions were popularized with the terms planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. These four functions have been carried out at the Darus Sholah Very South Islamic boarding school. Furthermore, in an effort to form the independent character of students at the Daarus Sholah Islamic Boarding School, it is carried out with fish farming and agriculture programs as well as habituation of students in carrying out all their own activities of course accompanied by strict supervision from the boarding school caregivers. The implication is that this independent character is expected to be a provision for the students when the students are no longer in the boarding school environment and are no longer in the family environment when they are adults.

Teaching and Exploring Urban Politics With Postcards

In this paper, we propose the use of postcards as a learning activity in courses dealing with urban politics. The intended learning outcomes of the postcard assignment were: (1) to exhibit memory of previously learned material (“introduction to urban policy” readings) and apply acquired knowledge (selecting the postcards); (2) to make judgments about the urban policy ideologies, priorities, and images of each selected city; (3) to combine different judgments to identify new ways and possibilities of using this knowledge in different contexts. Based on our experience we argue that postcards can be useful in providing introductory illustrations to theoretical concepts within the field of urban politics and can stimulate critical discussions on urban policy frames and priorities. We argue that postcard assignments have the potential to motivate, fascinate, and engage students through their involvement in action research, discursive interaction (social learning), and providing feedback on critical thinking.

A Collaborative Learning Activity to Analyze the Sustainability of an Innovation Using PESTLE

This paper presents a collaborative learning activity for courses in engineering degrees or master’s programs that cover the subject and skills of sustainability, social compromise, and ethics for engineering. The activity consists of performing a multidisciplinary analysis of a case of study, which presents a technology or innovation, to detect and debate possible issues and solutions. This learning activity is based on the PESTLE methodology that is used to analyze the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental aspects of a technology or innovation. The PESTLE analysis is implemented using the jigsaw collaborative learning technique. This learning activity can be completed in two sessions of two hours. To validate its usefulness, the learning activity was applied for two semesters in a study on two courses: one in Informatics Engineering Degree and the other one in the Master Degree of Sustainability at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, with very good results.

Pengembangan Karakter Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler di SLTA Kota Banda Aceh

Pengembangan Karakter Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler di SLTA Kota Banda Aceh

Análise de jogos e recursos gamificados utilizados para mediar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de docentes em curso de formação

Muitos estudantes fazem parte de uma geração denominada de “nativos digitais”, os quais integraram ao seu cotidiano dispositivos móveis, notebooks e outros recursos que os permitem vivenciar experiências de um mundo cada vez mais conectado. Dentre as ações de entretenimento que habituais buscam, têm-se os jogos digitais e atividades gamificadas. Neste contexto de tecnologias e preferências lúdicas, faz-se necessário atrair a atenção desses alunos, com isso, os jogos assim como a gamificação podem servir de apoio ao professor. Mas, os professores que atuam ou irão atuar com os alunos têm em seu processo formativo conhecimento para integrar os jogos e a gamificação a sua prática pedagógica? O presente trabalho verificou estudos sobre o uso de jogos digitais ou gamificação na formação de professores. A presente pesquisa caracterizou-se como revisão sistemática e utilizou a base de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior) para coleta de dados. O critério de identificação dos trabalhos se deu pelo uso de descritores, sendo eles: jogos digitais ou gamificação nos cursos de formação de professores. Encontraram-se 11 trabalhos, os quais indicaram a necessidade da inclusão da tecnologia por meio do uso dos jogos digitais ou gamificação, nos cursos de formação de professores, seja na graduação ou em cursos de formação continuada. Concluiu-se que a inclusão dos jogos digitais e dos recursos da gamificação nos cursos de formação, pode ser um caminho para a inclusão dos jogos digitais no ensino, como um apoio para as disciplinas curriculares tradicionais.

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS TENAGA PENDAMPING DALAM PROGRAM EKONOMI KREATIF PADA YAYASAN BINA SURYA MANDIRI

Human Resources are something that humans are born with. Human resource development itself aims to train the quality of these individuals. One example of training the quality of individuals is the Human Resource Development activity in the handicraft field at the Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation. This study aims: 1) to identify the process of human resources assistances at the Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation, 2) to increase the creativity of the children at the Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation. Apart from increasing the creativity of the children at the Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation, this activity also aims to develop the quality and quantity of Human Resources at the Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation, especially in the field of crafts. This research itself uses a descriptive-qualitative approach which was includes interviews, observation and documentation. This study showed that children at Bina Surya Mandiri Foundation have participated in handicraft activities well, and they hold handicraft activities of course with easy materials so that children at the Foundation can easily participate in these handicraft activities.

An Artistic Active-Learning Approach to Teaching a Substance Use Disorder Elective Course

Objective. To incorporate an artistic, multimedia approach to teaching within a substance use disorder (SUD) elective course to intellectually, visually, physically, and emotionally engage Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in learning and applying clinical and legal SUD topics. Methods. Faculty members created a two credit-hour SUD elective course that required students to engage in visual, linguistic, and performing art forms, including acting, screenwriting, choreography, dancing, artwork, writing movie reviews, writing book reports, writing journal reflections, create-your-own-adventure storytelling, speech writing, examination writing, policy writing, and creative thinking in an escape room gaming environment to learn about SUD and related topics. Results. Student learning and perception of the activities was evaluated using faculty-created analytic rubrics, pre- and post-intervention tests, student feedback, and student responses on standard course evaluations. Students performed well on the graded assignments. Pre- and post-intervention tests administered for the escape room activity demonstrated an increase in scores from 56.7% to 94.9%. Student feedback and course evaluations revealed student engagement with subject material and enthusiasm for creative applications, critical thinking, and collaborative aspects of the activities. Conclusion. The PharmD students consistently rated the interactive class format highly on course evaluations and reported having the perception of simultaneously learning and having fun. Pharmacy instructors are encouraged to incorporate creative projects and activities in courses to enhance student learning experiences and increase student motivation to engage with the material, their classmates, and other professionals.

Eksekusi Aset Debitor yang Berada Di Luar Negeri dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepailitan

In order to carry out business activities, it is not uncommon for someone to make a debt to have enough capital. These accounts payable activities of course require objects that are a guarantee to give a sense of security to creditors. In its development it is not uncommon for collateral objects to be held by debtors abroad. However, if the collateral object is located abroad, it will not be easy to execute as a debt repayment tool because of the state sovereignty that must be respected and the territoriality principle adopted by a country. The problem in this writing is about how Indonesia's national legal regulation regarding debtors 'assets is located abroad and how efforts can be made so that debtors' assets residing abroad can be executed as debt repayment tools. This research will be conducted using a type of normative juridical research with a type of legislative approach (concept approach) and a conceptual approach. According to the provisions of Article 212 PKPU UUK, that property owned by bankrupt debtors abroad can be used as bankrupt boedel. The provisions of the article give the right to a creditor to obtain repayment by using debtor's assets which are not bound to him which are outside the jurisdiction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In order for collateral objects to be used abroad to be used as a debt repayment tool, a number of ways can be taken, namely by a general court process, bilateral agreements (diplomatic agreements), diplomatic channels, or using the UNCITRAL Law on Cross Model. Border Insolvency with Guide to Enactment.