Activity In Russia Research Articles

Vector of Shifting Economic Activity in Russia: West–East

Vector of Shifting Economic Activity in Russia: West–East

Is Reputation for Corporate Social Responsibility a Double-Edged Sword? Lessons from Investor Reactions on Foreign Companies Activity in Russia During the Invasion of Ukraine

Is Reputation for Corporate Social Responsibility a Double-Edged Sword? Lessons from Investor Reactions on Foreign Companies Activity in Russia During the Invasion of Ukraine

Quality of services as a vector for expansion and development of service activities

The article studies problematic aspects of expansion and development of service activities in Russia. The main purpose of the study is to analyze problematic aspects of the service sphere development and existing and most popular methods of assessing the quality of services. The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand service in the country, considering orientation on the interests of the end consumer and with simultaneous improvement of service quality. The main objectives of the study are: to identify problematic aspects of development of service activities in Russia, to identify and analyze the shortcomings of the methods used by service enterprises to assess the quality of services, and to propose options for their minimization and elimination. The article used both theoretical methods (analysis of current regulatory legal acts, as well as scientific works of researchers in this field) and empirical research methods (practical substantiation of the need to improve the quality of services provided to customers). On the basis of the analysis of the most popular and frequently used methods of service quality assessment the advantages and disadvantages of their application have been revealed. The study results are the problems identification that have a negative impact on service activities development and proposal of possible options for their solution.

Specifics of the Constitutional Right to Establish and Operate the Trade Unions

Introduction. In the framework of the legal regulation of the trade union activities in Russia, a number of regulations cause certain contradictions with regard to establishment of the social and labour relations. Difficulties in interaction of the trade unions with the employers and the state, supplemented by the competition with the private labour, arise the problem of preserving the institution under study as the one aimed at the formation of a system of social partnership, development of the labour environment, national economy and social equality. Therefore, the research strives to investigate the constitutional requirements for establishment and operation of the trade unions to enable harmonization of the social and labour relations. By finding the legislative gaps in the process of implementing the rights of citizens to establish and operate the trade unions, it is possible to modernize the regulatory legal institutions in this field. The aim of the research is to study the specifics of the constitutional right to establish and operate the trade unions.Materials and Methods. The methodological framework was organised based on the selection, analysis and systematisation of the relevant regulatory and legal data and research works in the subject area. The use of a set of general scientific (dialectical, logical, systemic) and specific scientific methods of cognition (comparative legal, dogmatic legal, sociolegal) made it possible to study the principles of state regulation of the trade union activities, identify the gaps in their work and shortcomings due to be eliminated, as well as to summarise the factors of applicability of the constitutional operational procedure to the activities of the trade union organisations in Russia.Results. The constitutional right to establish and operate the trade unions has been analysed. It has been acknowledged that determination of the legal advantages of the trade union members does not correlate with the process of declining the popularity of this institution in the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that this trend is caused by the several problems, i.e.: the multiplicity of the legislative requirements creates a number of contradictions in the relations between the trade unions and employers preventing the full freedom of organisations’ activities; the process of establishing the trade unions is complicated by the need to incorporate the legal entity, the legislative predetermination and formality do not give freedom to the organisations in compiling the charter and making changes to it without permission of the state; the principles of the internal relations regulation must comply with the standard provisions of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, which also limits the trade union activity; the court defence of the rights of the trade union members needs to be revised and modernized to eliminate the ambiguous provisions and reduce the bureaucratic processes. The use of the variable collective agreements and principles of social partnership aimed at harmonisation of the social and labour relations have been proposed as the solutions to the identified problems.Discussion and Conclusion. The study has identified the key issues and underdeveloped aspects of the constitutional regulation of the trade union activities in the Russian Federation, which could be solved through the optimisation of the excessive legislative requirements, issuing the updated provisions on court defence of the trade union members, establishing the full independence and autonomy of such organisations in the matters of internal regulation, as well as through the development of the system of social partnership. The theoretical and practical conclusions drawn in the paper could be used for further research in the field of improving the legal literacy of the trade union members.

Changes in antitrust regulation and merger activity in Russia: Price manipulations and need for additional antitrust scrutiny

Changes in antitrust regulation and merger activity in Russia: Price manipulations and need for additional antitrust scrutiny

Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Control Mechanisms in the Sphere of Public Procurement

Introduction. Corrupt practices constitute permanent threats to economic security and the main obstacle to the effective satisfaction of state needs through the mechanisms of the contract system. Control, as an integral function of any management cycle, plays a special role in the sphere of public procurement, since this area is directly related to the use of budget funds. Purpose. The article investigates the main results of the effectiveness of control in the sphere of public procurement at the departmental level (within the framework of the functioning of state control and supervisory bodies), internal control of customers, as well as public control over procurement activities in Russia. Methods. The determination of the possible vectors of control mechanisms in procurement was based on scientific works in the field of legal analysis of monitoring contractual activities by the state and society. In order to assess the effectiveness of control activities, statistical information on the activities of state bodies was studied in the field of procurement using comparative and statistical methods. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of departmental control in various state bodies, we proposed to create a general information base for recording the results of control in the field of procurement. Within the framework of improving the mechanisms of intra-departmental control of customers, the need to introduce standardization mechanisms in the approaches to assessing the performance of contractual services was justified. Conclusion. The system of control in the sphere of procurement for the needs of society and the state has a wide range of opportunities for effective reduction of corruption and its prevention. At the same time, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the system by means of individual point reforms.

Развитие космической отрасли: опыт США, Китая и России

In recent decades, space has begun to be viewed as an important economic resource, an engine of global competition and technological development, capable of having a multiplier effect on the development of the entire economic system of a country. It is a necessary factor in global communication and information. Each state can use space for peaceful purposes, since it is a common resource for all countries. That is why the space industry is the object of the careful study by many researchers and a special sphere of government regulation. The top three leaders in the space industry are the USA, China and Russia. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of the space industry in the USA, China and Russia, as well as to develop recommendations for improving the regulation of the Russian space industry based on foreign experience. The author selected the following characteristics as the main parameters of comparison: 1. Significant space achievements, 2. Industry financing, 3. Structure of the space industry, 4. The scale of private space sector development, 5. Motives for international cooperation in the field of space exploration. Based on the analysis, the features of space industry development in each country were identifi ed. Special attention in the study is paid to the Russian space industry. In particular, it was found that the main structural feature of the Russian space industry, in contrast to the USA and China, is the significant predominance of state-owned companies over private enterprises. This is associated with the lack of the necessary regulatory framework in our country and, as a consequence, the underdevelopment of the market for space products and services. At the same time, Russia can be considered a leader in terms of funding for the space industry (as a percentage of GDP), but in absolute financial indicators (in millions of dollars) Russia lags significantly behind the United States and China. In addition, Russia adheres to the practice of participating in international cooperation in the space sector, based primarily on political factors rather than economic motives, which fundamentally distinguishes its approach from the approach used by the United States. The article proposes a number of practical recommendations, the implementation of which, according to the author’s opinion, will contribute to increasing the efficiency of space activities in Russia.

Participation in a Non-Profit Organization that Infringes on the Personality and Rights of Citizens (Part 3 of Article 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): Criminal Law Characteristics

Introduction. An act in the form of participation in a non-profit organization that infringes on the personality and rights of citizens, enshrined in Part 3 of Article 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, causes a number of difficulties in understanding and qualification. Involved in most cases by deception in such associations, the participants themselves turn out to be victims, therefore, when qualifying the act under Part 3 of Article 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is important to assess the degree of independence and activity of each participant. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The dialectical method is used in the article as a general scientific method, which formed the basis for studying the phenomenon of religious associations that infringe on the personality and rights of citizens, and their activities in Russia. Specific scientific methods make it possible to reveal the meaning and content of legal relations associated with the creation and functioning of religious, public or other associations that infringe on the personality and rights of citizens. The historical method made it possible to study the experience of differentiating the responsibility of the creators and participants of pseudo-religious associations in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the Soviet Union. Results. Based on the understanding of the criminal law category “dependence” by A. A. Aryamov, we can come to the conclusion that the will of the participants in the organizations under study is significantly limited and is a reflection of the will of the leader. A participant in such an association, as a dependent person, manifests “other people’s” principles and attitudes in “his” socially dangerous act. Thus, the line between a participant in an association that encroaches on the personality and rights of citizens and a victim is very fluid. A feature of the behavior of such a person, characterized by the sign of limited (or reduced) sanity, is that he can become a subject in one act of criminal behavior, and a victim of another act of criminal behavior. Discussion and Сonclusion. Thus, it seems reasonable that some scholars propose to return the sign of “active participation” that was present in the dispositions of Article 227 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and 143.1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. In order to distinguish the subject of the crime from the victim, it also seems relevant to supplement the disposition of Article 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with an “incentive” note (by analogy with Articles 126, 127.1, 210, 282.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, etc.) with the following content: “A person who left an association and reported to law enforcement agencies about its activities is exempt from criminal liability, unless his actions contain another corpus delicti.”

Logical and Situational Analysis of the Possibilities of Innovative Development of the Agroindustrial Sector

The author has identified a low level of innovative development of the agroindustrial complex and the reasons for the delay in its growth in comparison with other industries and types of economic activity in Russia. The consequence is a noticeable trend of changes in the positive dynamics of economic efficiency indicators of agricultural production in the recent past. This trend indicates weakening Russia’s food security. The article considers one of the possible options for import substitution of innovative means of production used in the agroindustrial sector in the conditions of external economic isolation of the country. It implies the participation of the state in supporting the development and assimilation of knowledge embodied in the real economy as well as in the financing of national innovative solutions. The option under consideration has the following features: selection on a competitive basis and priority financing of means of production with a high technological potential, which are most in demand among agroindustrial enterprises; reimbursement of payment for information on the state of the markets for technology, means of production, resources, food, raw materials provided by IT specialists, as well as for making calculations to optimize the structure and volumes of production, product exports and technological training to enterprises. This kind of financial support is provided in addition to the current practice of state compensation for losses to low-profit agricultural businesses. An experimental scheme for making decisions on priority financing of innovations is examined. The creators of these innovations are economic entities with the highest indicators of production activities and a high probability of fulfilling an order for the output of innovative products. The list of indicators includes many quantitative and qualitative characteristics. This means that the problem is classified as one that can be solved by using algorithms of multiple criteria modeling.

Реформа контрольно-надзорной деятельности в России: анализ процесса и возникающие проблемы

The paper offers an analysis of control and supervision activities in Russia. Starting with systematic properties of the analyzed process, authors accentuate the introduction of risk-analysis as the key subject of current reform phase. Dominant issues of risk-management are theoretical (coping with essential characteristics of it) and practical (mechanisms and methods of applying the one) as well. The methodic and normative regulation of control and supervision activities are scarce, which creates limitations for efficient application of risk-oriented approaches in the field. Actual reform of control and supervision activities in Russia belongs to overall systematic reform of state management in the context of digitalization. Arguing the process approach, we evaluate digitalization as the key factor touching actual model of control and supervision activities that are linked to essential aspects of management in general.

Automata-based Model of Scientific Activity

The automata model of scientific activity is defined as an extension of the automata model of arbitrary activity. The automata model is built hierarchically and consists of a static part in the form of a set of data sections and a dynamic part defining a set of model processes. The structure of arbitrary activity is considered from the perspective of requirements engineering. To describe the structure of objects, a new data type is introduced: tree set. Tree sets of objects and activities are defined in the activity model. Science as a whole has a hierarchical tree structure and is defined as a tree set of scientific disciplines. The objects of the model of scientific activity are a theory and a set of scientific projects for each scientific discipline. The organisation of scientific activity in Russia is still inefficient. As an alternative, an organisation based on a portfolio of scientific projects formed by a team of leaders for each scientific discipline is considered. The team of leaders is created and updated in accordance with the principle of maximum competence. The apparatus of formal methods and requirements engineering is used to build a model of scientific activity. The static part of the model proposed by the author is formalised.

Seasonal differences in participation and time spent in physical activity in Russia: The Know Your Heart survey.

This study aimed to assess the levels and investigate socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related predictors of winter and summer physical activity (PA) in Russia using the data from the Know Your Heart population survey conducted in Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk (2015-2018; n=5068; aged 35-69years). Employing a series of probit, Tobit, and the Cragg models, we separated the predictors of the probability of participating in leisure-time PA from the predictors of time spent in PA. Our study showed that financial constraints limited males' participation in winter PA (probability of participation decreased by 12 percentage points) and females' engagement in winter and summer PA (decrease in the number of hours of practicing PA by approximately 1h a week). Education, self-reported health, smoking, and cues to action had different impacts on both probability and time spent in PA in winter and summer. We also found significant gender differences in participation and time spent in PA across seasons. Older age, poor health, and smoking were greater obstacles to PA for males compared to females both in winter and summer. However, males were more likely to follow physician's advice to lose weight and take up physical exercise. Information campaigns that promote physical activities, including those that are free of charge, are needed to help limit barriers to PA for people with low socioeconomic status and individuals with little or no exercise experience. Also, making sports more accessible to citizens by providing free and low-cost sports facilities can increase their participation and time spent in PA, improving individual health and productivity.

Правовые основы развития экологического туризма с учетом экологических вызовов на приграничной территории

The article is devoted to the problem of negative impact on the environmental situation in connection with the development of domestic tourism. Many popular tourist destinations are not classified as specially protected natural areas. It is necessary to work out in detail the issues of environmental obligations and legal responsibility for offenses against the subjects of tourism activities in Russia.

Analysis of innovation activity in Russia

Analysis of innovation activity in Russia

Exploring changes in attitudes towards doping in sport in different groups of the russian population: a mixed methods study with policy recommendations

Introduction: This article examines the evolution of anti-doping culture in Russia through a comparative analysis of sociological surveys conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021. It focuses on the changing attitudes of Russian citizens towards doping in sports, their awareness of anti-doping regulations, and the underlying causes and motivations for violations of anti-doping rules. The significance of understanding public opinion on doping and countermeasures is highlighted, underscoring its value for specialists, researchers, and executive authorities in addressing and mitigating the issue. Materials and Methods: The study employed sociological surveys across various categories and groups within the Russian population, spanning three consecutive years. These surveys aimed to gather comprehensive insights into the public's perception of doping, knowledge of anti-doping efforts, and attitudes towards the effectiveness of existing anti-doping measures. The methodology was designed to enable a detailed comparative analysis, shedding light on trends and shifts in public opinion over time. Results: Findings from the surveys reveal a noticeable development in the anti-doping culture among the Russian population, marked by changes in attitudes towards doping use and a growing awareness of anti-doping rules. The research identified specific causes and motives behind anti-doping rule violations, illustrating the complex nature of the issue. Additionally, the study provided an objective assessment of the problem's scale, based on the attitudes of various social groups towards the use of banned substances, whether of natural, narcotic, or synthetic origin. Conclusions: The paper concludes with up-to-date data on the anti-doping situation in the Russian Federation and perspectives from scientists on enhancing anti-doping efforts. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a set of measures aimed at improving anti-doping activities in Russia. These recommendations are intended to bolster the fight against doping, reflecting the study's contribution to forming a comprehensive understanding of societal attitudes towards this challenge and paving the way for more effective countermeasures. Keywords: doping, sports, anti-doping rules, anti-doping measures, anti-doping culture, attitudes toward doping in sports, opinion poll.

On the Transformation of the Organization of Scientific Activity in Russia

Rapid changes in the world order, digital transformation of human activity, and increased competition for a favorable future have formed a new focus of competition for digital innovation. The nature of development is changing – it is becoming socio-technological. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the field of science and technology and the requirements for the knowledge and skills of researchers. Changes in science act as a catalyst for further changes, the speed of which is increasing. Strengthening the role of artificial intelligence in the context of existing restrictions on its use leads to an increase in the role of humans as a task setter, a main partner participant, a beneficiary and even a sensor. Increasing competition for the future and aggravation of the geopolitical situation are leading to an increase in the importance of science, technology and innovation. This fundamentally changes the requirements for the organization of science, which requires the addition of the existing system of organizations with network communications of creative teams and researchers, the formation of hybrid intelligence through the joint training of humans and artificial intelligence. Science is becoming networked, going beyond the boundaries of organizations, acquiring regional and local components. In the context of a sharp increase in the diversity of digital innovations, scientific interaction between researchers with recognition (rating) in local fields of knowledge becomes a necessary condition. The high rate of change requires the inclusion of evaluation of the results of scientific activity in the research process. Effective results require the creation of processes for intelligent management of knowledge convergence and digital innovations of socio-technological development based on scientific knowledge.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В СФЕРЕ ДОБРОВОЛЬЧЕСТВА В РФ

In this scientific article, the author provides a comparative analysis of the activities of volunteer organizations in modern Russia. To do this, the author briefly analyzes the current state of volunteer activities in Russia and provides statistical indicators. Next, the author examines the features of the practical activities of volunteer organizations using several specific examples. In conclusion of the scientific research, the author focuses on promising areas for the development of the activities of modern volunteer organizations in Russia. The object of this scientific research is a comparative analysis of the activities of volunteer organizations in modern Russia. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the activities of volunteer organizations in modern Russia. The methods of the presented research: these are normative legal analysis, comparative legal analysis, formal legal method, generalization, systematization, deduction, statistical and mathematical methods, and other methods of the theoretical level of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty of this scientific research lies, in particular, in the development of original recommendations for improving the currently available mechanism for organizing the activities of volunteer organizations in modern Russia. This scientific research will be useful for practitioners, students and teachers, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of volunteer activities in modern Russia.

Protestant Mission and Russian Orthodoxy: Certain Aspects of YMCAQ Activities in Russia in the Beginning of the 20th Century

In the article the author analyzes the activities of YMCA American Protestant organization in the territory of the Russian empire before the revolution of 1917. Missionary activities were completed with the social aspects. YMCA activities were based on the social evangelism, “New Theology” and “muscular” Christianity trends. The ideas of Christian faith accommodation to the standards of modern life and culture were brought to the Orthodox grounds and contributed to the formation of views on the basis of modernism and liberalism. American Protestants activities were strongly supported by the Provisional Government and continued until the establishment of Soviet power in the territory of Russia. In the article the author pays special attention to the transition period with epoch destruction and to YMCA role in that process, as it primarily worked with the most active social segment – the youth.

SOME ASPECTS OF ENSURING INTERNAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATIONS

The article examines some aspects of ensuring Russia's internal security at the present stage of the development of civilizations. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of internal threats, including terrorist ones, on the national security of the country. This is necessary for a fundamental revision of state policy, scientific apparatus and clarification of the fundamental conceptual documents on ensuring security from internal threats. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the authors conclude that at present, the increase in threats emanating from individual countries and affecting the security of the Russian Federation is not decreasing but continues to increase. Means of economic, political, diplomatic, and informational pressure are actively used against Russia to exacerbate the inter-civilizational conflict, delegitimize it within the international community and destabilize the political situation inside the country, which can lead to the loss of identity and cultural and historical heritage. The social contradictions that arise in society lead to the emergence of protest activity of citizens, which must be controlled by state and public security institutions. The emphasis is placed on the need for timely changes in the legal framework governing anti-terrorist activities. Based on the results of the analysis, problems of organizational and legal regulation have been identified that require the elimination of negative factors at the state level. Proposals are being made to improve anti-terrorist activities in Russia and the need for a set of measures to ensure its legal support, as well as the use of existing potential.

Gambling business in Russia: A retrospective analysis of statutory regulation and taxation

Subject. This article examines the development of gambling activity in Russia and discusses the issues related to the receipt of tax revenues from it, as well as current problems associated with this type of business. Objectives. The article aims to consider the government regulation and taxation of the gambling business in Russia in retrospect, review the current legislative framework, and identify a range of urgent unresolved problems in this area of activity. Methods. For the study, we used the general and specific scientific methods. Results. The article analyzes the process of development of the national institution of gambling from the middle of the 16th century to the present. It provides data for 2023 regarding the rise in tax revenues from the gambling business and the increase in the number of visits to gambling establishments in the gambling zones of Russia. The article identifies a number of various problems related to gambling that require resolution at the legislative level. Conclusions and Relevance. Gambling activities in Russia, despite government-imposed prohibitions and restrictions in different periods of time, have always been an additional source of replenishment of the treasury, so at present, the legislator cannot ignore this area of business in order to make effective decisions in the context of a budget deficit of different levels. The results of the study can be used in the educational environment of universities, in the scientific field, as well as for the development of new tools for regulating gambling activities in the Russian Federation.