Active Working Bodies Research Articles

Mathematical and computer identification of the characteristics of oscillation frequency and deformations of the equipment element in the flush purification unit

The object of research is an element of equipment in a vibrating screen, which is an active working body in the form of a plate. The key element in the system of the flush purification unit is the vibrating screen. The basic design of the sieve does not allow the flush solution to be distributed evenly over the entire working surface. The concentration of drilling fluid in the central part of the equipment leads to premature abrasive wear and failure of the working element. Therefore, the structure of the vibrating screen needs to be improved in order to extend its service life. This task has been solved through the introduction of an active element to the structure for the redistribution of the solution through additional transverse vibrations. The use of such an active element is an important step for improving the quality and efficiency of the purification system, which could optimize production processes and reduce costs in industry. Taking into account transverse vibrations and calculating frequency parameters could help improve the design and use the vibrating screen more productively. An analysis of the frequencies of oscillations of the active element-plate for cleaning the flush liquid with a vibrating screen was performed and a comparison of the analytically obtained results with the simulation data using the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software was carried out. The results are the basis for designing vibrating screens, conducting experimental and industrial research, and testing the screens. Computer studies have confirmed the possibility of using the improved design of the vibrating screen. By comparing the results of the calculation and computer simulation, the error was determined to be within 5 %. The identified patterns could make it possible to select the plate oscillation frequencies depending on the known initial parameters, which would be useful for solving similar tasks.

Results of Frontal Plug Tests Combined with Active Working Body

Article data on the average moisture and hardness of the soil before the tests are carried out. The combined plow with an active working organ developed in field tests 630Cwas added to the Claas ARION tractor, the theoretical and working depth, working speed were determined and the principle of operation was presented. The obtained results show that all the quality parameters of the plow with an active working organ, i.e. coverage width, processing depth, completeness and depth of burial of plant residues, soil compaction quality and the height of irregularities on the surface of the plow fully meet the agrotechnical requirements. given. The developed combined frontal plow with an active working body reliably performed the specified technological process compared to the plow with a passive working body and O’P-4/5-40, and its results are presented. Research of the results reliability of research modern style and measure from tools used without held, combined frontal plug active the work bodies parameters theoretical in terms of in justification higher math, theoretical of mechanics main the rule and methods action done, experiences to the results mathematician statistics methods with processing given, theoretical and practical studies of the results mutually adequacy, done studies based on work developed active the work organ the field of tests positive results and to practice current done with explained.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ТОЧНОСТІ КОМБІНОВАНИХ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ АГРЕГАТІВ

The study aims to substantiate the methodology for assessing the functional accuracy of combined agricultural units and their main elements during testing and operation. Methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of known scientific results regarding combined agricultural units during power selection. Analytical methods and comparative analysis were used to formulate the scientific problem, determine the goal, and set research objectives. Results. When evaluating the functional accuracy of a combined agricultural unit, the process of the unit’s performance of specified functions aimed at achieving the set goal, characterized by certain values of its parameters (initial, primary, secondary), was considered. The condition for the effective operation of the traction-drive combined MTA with active working bodies of aggregated agricultural machines is formulated, which is achieved when the pushing force of the active working bodies and the sum of the rolling resistances of the tractor and the machine are equal. Conclusions. The methodology for assessing the functional accuracy of the combined agricultural unit involves comparing its parameters obtained during control, taking into account the non-identity of the control conditions, with the nominal values determined by regulatory and technical documentation. This analysis allows us to formulate the condition for the effective operation of the traction-drive MTA: the optimal traction and energy parameters of the MTA with active working bodies are achieved when the pushing force of the active working bodies and the sum of the rolling resistances of the tractor and the machine are equal. Keywords: combined agricultural unit, traction-drive MTA, unit elements, overall efficiency, functional, accuracy, workability, work efficiency.

The efficiency of the working process of a forestry primer with a hydraulic drive of a rotor-thrower

An analysis of the conducted studies of the causes of occurrence, methods and techniques used to combat and prevent a forest fire, including forest plows, ditchers and soil throwers, is presented. It has been established that units with active working bodies are the most effective, but the existing milling working bodies do not allow delivering the required amount of soil to the edge of a forest ground fire. The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of the working process of a forest fire soil thrower by substantiating the parameters of a three-stage rotor-thrower with a hydraulic drive. A mathematical model of the working process of a three-stage rotor-thrower and a software package were compiled, with the help of which the main design and technological parameters of the soil-throwing unit were determined. Laboratory tests were carried out using the method of a full-factorial experiment. The optimal value of the angle of installation of the blades on the rotor-thrower in terms of the volume of thrown soil of 0.1 m3 per one m2 of the area of the mineralized strip is the angle of -10º, however, in terms of energy consumption, the optimal angle of inclination of the blades for all modifications of the rotor is an angle equal to 00. As a result of a comparative analysis by the method of alternatives it was found that the optimal modification of the rotor-thrower is R-20 at a rotation frequency of 20 rpm.

Study of the possibility of increasing the duration of the working process of a feed pusher robot with an active working organ

Background. Feed-pushing robots with an active working organ used on farms show low efficiency – they have fewer trips per day compared to other types of robots due to the high energy costs for self-movement, mixing, pushing feed and adding concentrate at the same time with a larger capacity of batteries. At the same time, according to zootechnical requirements in farms, the number of visits should be ten or more times a day. However, in the conditions of ordinary operation, it does not even reach the values stated by the manufacturers themselves. Aim. To study the possibility of increasing the duration of the working process of a feed pusher robot with an active working organ by increasing the number of its passes in ordinary operation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on two robotic farms, where three feed pusher robots with an active working organ work. The robot's current consumers are analyzed, an analytical technique based on timekeeping works is presented. Results. The obtained analytical expression for determining the number of trips per day of the psut, as well as timing works, show the convergence of the results and are determined in the conditions of ordinary operation of a feed pusher robot with an active working organ of the nday = 7. It has been established that in order to increase the number of trips, a feed pusher robot with an active working body needs to realize the maximum possible operating speed (timely maintenance and ensure the necessary roughness of the floor of the feed passage), or install powerful batteries and replace or upgrade charging stations. At the same time, it is possible to achieve the result of nday= 10 in ordinary operation conditions at lr = 100m, and at lr = 300m it is necessary to install two robots working synchronously in one aisle. The absence or presence of an additional option in the form of a concentrate dispenser does not affect the nday parameter. Conclusions. The study of the working process of the feed pusher robot with an active working organ shows that the number of its trips per day claimed by the manufacturer does not correspond to the values in the conditions of ordinary operation on the farm. Experimental studies show that nday = 7, and it is possible to achieve the nday = 10 declared by the manufacturer only on farms with lr = 100m, and with lr = 300m it is necessary to install two robots working synchronously in one aisle. To increase the nday indicator, timely maintenance is necessary to maintain the maximum possible operating speed, as well as the installation of even more powerful batteries and replacement or modernization of charging stations.

Анализ дисковых рабочих органов лесных почвообрабатывающих орудий

The designs of disk working bodies are analyzed and a variant of the developed combined tillage tool is presented. One of the main active working bodies is disc working bodies, which are mounted on various forestry and agricultural machinery: plows, seeders, harrows, etc. and are intended for processing forest areas during reforestation. Disk working bodies are classified, which are divided by type, purpose and design. Due to the fact that forest soils are flooded with roots, stumps, stones, and when carrying out reforestation work they need high-quality preparation, it is required to increase the number of passes through the cultivated territory. Disc working bodies from the moment of their creation continue to undergo improvements aimed at increasing efficiency, increasing strength characteristics, etc. Disc working bodies represented a wide range of design features, but in the subsequent range was concentrated on reducing traction resistance. A change in the design in the process of studying the working body led to the creation of cutouts of various geometric sizes, one of the positive characteristics was a decrease in the traction force required for cutting, crumbling the soil, as well as an increase in quality characteristics.

The Random Vibrations of the Active Body of the Cultivators

The article continues the exposition of the results obtained in researching an agricultural machine for processing soil, designed for research with applications including exploitation. The MCLS (complex machine for soil tillage) was designed to research the working processes of the instruments intended for soil processing. The MCLS cultivator is a modulated machine (it can work for three working widths: 1, 2, and 4 m, with tractors of different powers) that is designed to use a wide range of working bodies. The experimental data obtained with the structure with a working width of 1 m and the results of their processing within the framework of the theory of random vibrations are presented in this article. The experimental results are analysed as random vibrations of the supports of the active working bodies. As a result, the main characteristics of random vibrations are exposed: the distribution function, the average value, the autocorrelation, and the frequency spectrum. These general results regarding random vibrations are used for several critical applications in the design, execution, and exploitation of some subassemblies and assemblies of agricultural machines of this type. The main applications include estimating the probability of the occurrence of dangerous load peaks, counting and selecting the load peaks that produce fatigue accumulation in the material of the supports of the working bodies, identifying some design deficiencies or defects in the work regime, and estimating the effects of vibrations on the quality of soil processing. All of the outcomes are composed of applications in MCLS research and exploitation. The applications pursue well-known objectives of modelling the working processes of agricultural machines: safety at work, increasing the quality of work, optimising energy consumption, and increasing productivity, all in a broad context to obtain a compromise situation. The material and the method are based on experimental data acquisition, processing, and interpretation.

RESEARCH OF FEED-PUSHER ROBOTS’ STRUCTURAL-AND-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

On a modern robotic farm, at feed distributing process, it is necessary a feed pusher robot using. The EU countries are the leader of such structures’ introducing. Today, 15 of feed pusher robots’ manufacturers offer 21 models. Based on their analysis, the feed pushing robots’ classification was developed. The main structural-and-technological indicators are revealed: their mass is in the range from 500 till 750 kg; the working speeds range from 5,9 to 18 m/min.; the movement’s specific power varies from 0,08 till 1,46 W/kg.; the robot’s body performs 3 revolutions per minute; two AKB batteries with a 12 V voltage, connected in according to the 24 V circuit scheme, with 200 A*h as their total capacity or more are used. The most interest and research perspective promise feed pusher robots with an active working body: a screw and a conveyor belt one. These feed pusher robots with an active working body in the screw’s form of DeLaval OptiDuo and Butler Gold have screws’ diameters of 635 and 660 mm; the step of the turns is 282 and 256 mm; the screws’ length is 1053 and 1117 mm; the driving wheels’ diameter is 390 and 430 mm; the loading window’s width is 1053 and 1158 mm respectively. These values are commensurate. The overall’s dimensions differ significantly - length (in 1672 and 1930 mm) and height (in 931,5 and 777 mm). The data obtained as a study result can be used as new feed pusher robots’ designs, as well as in the APK enterprises selection for particular model in their MTP to be included.

Model Optimization of the Road Construction Machinery Active Working Elements, Operating in Permafrost

When designing a railroad track it is necessary to take into account a range of different factors especially if the construction of the track is carried out in areas with adverse climatic conditions, which applies to the conditions of the Far North. During construction of a new roadbed in modern conditions track and road-building machines are widely used which have constantly increasing power and speed, and therefore factors of dynamic influence on active working bodies of machines change. The designs of road-building and track machines take into account various types of loads, including dynamic ones, necessary for modeling working bodies. In this case, the modeling process is considered one of the ways to predict and optimize the mechanical systems of track and construction machines, widely using full-fledged models used to obtain new data on the designed object.

DESIGN FEATURES OF MODERN FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS

Analysis of the state and trends in the development of agricultural machines and the technical means that serve them shows that there is a constant process of creating more productive and economical equipment. This is primarily ensured by increasing unit capacity, increasing working and transport speeds, reducing time losses for auxiliary operations, reducing maintenance costs to a minimum; ensuring minimal impact on soil and plants; increasing reliability and wear resistance, as well as an increase in versatility and the appearance of special tractors for specific work; expansion of production of wheeled tractors with four driving wheels, wider use of hydraulic systems, electronics, automation, new materials, creation of comfortable working conditions and ease of management; ensuring labor safety. The main type of tractor in the most widespread range of capacities remains the wheeled one of the traditional layout scheme, the improvement of which is carried out taking into account the latest achievements of science and technology. There is a further update of articulated tractors with all driving wheels of the same size, with leading manufacturers experimenting with the installation of triangular track drives instead of wheels, which significantly increases their traction qualities. Characteristic features of tractors of the new generation are their universality and block-modular structure. So, depending on the market, different engines from well-known companies and unified transmissions are installed on one model of European tractors. Therefore, in this market, there is a tendency for manufacturers to cooperate with the aim of further increasing versatility, reliability, and simplifying operation: increasing the interval for changing engine oil to 500 hours, transmission oil to 2,000 hours, hydraulic oil to 1,000 hours. Cooperation also contributes to the expansion of opportunities for competition in the markets of different countries. The new generation of powerful wheeled tractors with a classic and system layout provides high efficiency mainly in technological operations with medium traction forces in combined, tillage and sowing units, which are equipped with implements with active working bodies, with front and rear GDP, as well as in transport operations.

Determination of Critical Stresses in Frozen Soils Under Wave Acoustic Loading

The issues related to the development of permafrost and seasonally frozen soils without their preliminary loosening by various earthmoving machines with active working bodies, magnetostrictive vibrators, that soften dense and frozen soils using acoustic elastic waves, are considered. The analytical studies allowed us to establish the regularities of the process of destruction of frozen soil by active teeth of bucket working bodies, according to which, the formulas for calculating the critical tensile stress and shear resistance were obtained. The research results allow us to determine the main parameters of wave loading for both a single radiation source and a group of "n" in-phase radiation sources. The intensity of the acoustic field from the group of "n" emitters increases in proportion to the number of vibration exciters.

Research and Comparative Testing of a Grain Flattener with a Feeding Device

Introduction. The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical research of technological process of the PZ-1M grain flattener with a feeding device. The research was carried out at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East Named after N. V. Rudnitsky in 2011‒2019. The purpose of the research is to design a feeder scheme for the grain flattener, determine rational parameters of its working body (feed roller) and test the improved grain flattener. Materials and Methods. A constructive and technological scheme of the grain flattener with a feeding device is proposed, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents Nos. 2628297 and 2557780. The structural scheme of grain flattener with a feeding device comprising an active working body – a feeding roller with blades is developed. There was carried out theoretical research of the grain motion along the feeder roller blades to determine the patterns of grain motion depending on the values of the roller parameters. Results. It is established that with the size of the feed roller inner radius 0.045 m and more all the grain passes down from the roller blade into the feed channel and through it for flattening at the required exit angle of 60°, roller speed of not less than 400 min–1 and the value of the coefficient of the grain friction on the roller blade less than 0.4. When these parameters are observed, the feeding roller and the device are effective. Taking into account the results of researches, we have developed the design documentation and produced the PZ-1M grain flattener comprising a feeder. Departmental and comparative tests of the flattener were conducted, which showed high efficiency of its application: machine reliably and qualitatively performs the technological process of flattening grains. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a power device in the design of the flattener increases the conditioning capacity by 2.08 times while reducing the energy intensity of the process by 1.6 times; the annual economic effect of using the PZ-1M grain flattener with feeding device compared to its analogue is 67,583 rub. at the level of intensification of 49%.

Dependence of the operating body parameters of the cleaner tray to the cross-section of the pump

This article discusses some theoretical issues and structural capabilities of the tray cleaner working body. The process of cutting the deposited layer with an active working body. On the significant influences of the translational working speed on the cutting process of the alluvial soil layer, as well as on the effects of the speed parameter of the working body on its energy intensity.

Substantiation of the Design Parameters of the Working Elements of the Drive of a Mounted Soil-cultivating Module with Combined Rotation of Active Working Bodies

The substantiation of the design parameters of the working elements of the drive of a prototype mounted soil-cultivating module for motor blocks and motor cultivators with combined or simultaneous rotation of individual sections of active working bodies “top down” and “bottom up” using well-known modern methods for calculating and designing machine parts, including a combination of design and verification calculations, taking into account practical application in the designs of tillage machines.

MOVEMENT OF A PARTICLE ALONG AN INCLINED CYLINDER ROTATING AROUND ITS AXIS

It is well known that parts of agricultural machinery often have a cylindrical shape. This shape, for example, can be observed in the casing of lifting and transport machines, where the active working body rotates. Furthermore, drum grain dryers and triers use an inclined cylinder that rotates around its axis. In this case, the particles of the technological material interact with the rotating surface, which leads to their sliding, the nature of which depends on the value of the angle of inclination of the cylinder. In this study, the methods of differential geometry, vector algebra, theoretical mechanics, and numerical integration of differential equations consider the motion of a particle along the inner surface of an inclined cylinder rotating at a constant angular velocity around its axis. The axes of a fixed coordinate system are used to compose differential equations of motion. It was established that the proper initial conditions under which the particle would be stationary at a certain distance from the lower forming cylinder towards its rotation can be determined analytically. In case of movement along an inclined cylinder, the particle moves, among other things, in the axial direction, while reducing the amplitude of vibrations. Furthermore, it was found that the angle of inclination of the cylinder plays a significant role. If the latter is less than the angle of friction, then the vibrations stop, the movement of the particle stabilises, and it performs a rectilinear movement at a constant speed in the axial direction. If the angle of inclination of the cylinder is greater than or equal to the angle of friction, then the particle moves rapidly in the axial direction and its movement does not stabilise. The value of the angular velocity of rotation also plays a significant role. A certain amount of it provokes “sticking” of the particle, which does not depend on the inclination angle of the cylinder. The obtained analytical dependences can be used in the design of cylindrical working bodies of agricultural machines.

Method of estimation of dynamic properties of transmissions of forestry units

When performing energy-intensive work in forestry related to the processing of stumpy soil, it is necessary to substantiate new requirements for forestry tractors in terms of weight, energy and dynamic parameters. Their change will cause a change in the disturbing forces acting on the transmission shafts of the unit, which can excite torsional vibrations in its dynamic system. When the natural frequencies of the oscillations coincide with the disturbing ones, unwanted resonant oscillations may occur. The most common models for studying dynamic properties are models in the form of complex multi-mass torsional dynamical systems. To calculate the vibrations of torsional systems, an algorithm and a program for solving a system of differential equations were drawn up. Their solution made it possible to calculate the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of the dynamic systems of tractor units. The allocation of zones of forced oscillations in transmissions from the working bodies on the frequency response, as well as the coordination of the parameters of the working bodies with the parameters of the transmissions is a necessary condition for ensuring the effective operation of forestry units. When changing the moments of inertia of rotating masses, it is necessary to analyze the vibrations that occur in branched transmissions with active working bodies with significant moments of inertia. To determine their optimal parameters, the presented mathematical models can be used.

Volumetric dynamometer units for laboratory and field testing of tillage equipment

The search for energy efficient tillage technologies and the creation of more advanced machines while reducing the cost of the final product are one of the priority goals. One step in the development of tillage implements is to develop a theoretical basis. In this case, mathematical or simulation modeling is used, but part of the work carried out in the laboratory and in the field is an integral part of the research structure. Of great importance in testing forestry equipment are dynamometer methods, which consist in measuring the forces transmitted from the engine to the machine or acting on the working bodies and parts of the machines. This is especially true for forest implements that interact not only directly with soils, but also with roots, branches, stumps and other components of forest soils. The article is presented in the form of an analysis of the structures of dynamometric installations used to conduct research on tillage equipment. Also given are the designs of installations used for research of combined machines with active working bodies, such as a forest fire engine. Particular attention is paid to structures for volumetric dynamometry (2D and 3D).

Reducing the cost of washing milking machines milk line through the use of dual-circuit system flushing

The paper deals with the creation of energy-efficient dual-circuit flushing system based mobile-electric device with active working bodies. Application of the system allows to divide the flushing process and the milk milking apparatus that provides effective washing hydromechanical cleaning milking machines and the milk mobile device with a minimum amount of cleaning solution. The proposed system reduces the duration of washing detergent and consumption of energy by 50%.

Determination of dynamic properties of the caterpillar drive of hydraulic reclamation machines and the method of articulated attachment of the working body of the trenchless pipelayer

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the requirements for various devices of hydraulic reclamation machines, which are widely used in the construction of canals and drains, to maintain a given slope, as well as the calculation of the executive mechanism that serves to eliminate the oscillating movement of the working body relative to the line of the specified slope.Methods. A mathematical description of the vibrations of the working body for caterpillar hydraulic reclamation machines with mounted working bodies is given.Results. The article presents the results of research to identify the main factors affecting the oscillations of the working body of caterpillar reclamation machines. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that when a caterpillar machine with a rigid undercarriage crosses single and multiple irregularities, the movement of the cutting edge of the rigidly mounted working body is graphically depicted by sinusoidal curves. The obtained dependencies allow conducting calculations of the automatic system of maintaining the specified slope and establish the area of stable modes of system operation. A geometric method for optimizing the hinge linkage of the working body of trenchless pipelayer is presented.Conclusion. The proposed methods of improving the performance of caterpillar hydraulic reclamation machines with mounted working bodies when moving on uneven ground surfaces can be used to create a wide class of mounted earthmoving machines, both with passive and active working bodies.

Electrocaloric cooling over high device temperature span

Summary Electrocaloric cooling demonstrates direct electricity utilization and high energy efficiency, and is often proposed as an environmentally benign, solid-state alternative to the conventional vapor compression cooling technology. As a result, the fabrication of effective electrocaloric materials and engineering of electrocaloric cooling devices have attracted increasing attention in the cooling community. However, the limited material adiabatic temperature change under safe operation field poses a major challenge to practical electrocaloric cooling device development, since real-world applications usually require device temperature span over 20 K. This perspective presents recent efforts devoted to design electrocaloric cooling devices based on active heat regeneration and cascading approaches; both strategies have achieved significant device temperature lift ~10 K with adiabatic temperature change of 2~3 K. The strategies discussed in this work are broadly applicable to the design of efficient and compact cooling systems.