In this paper, active control of periodic transient vibration based on repetitive control (RC) algorithm is studied. According to the stability condition of an active vibration control (AVC) system, a novel non-causal stable inversion approach combined with an optimal criterion is used to design the RC controller for an AVC system with a non-minimum phase secondary path. Computer simulations have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The plant model used in the computer simulations is obtained from a practical AVC system in our laboratory. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce periodic transient vibration and the convergence rate is acceptable for a non-minimum phase plant.