Active Space Research Articles

PENYEDIAAN FASILITAS UMUM TAMAN BERMAIN DI LINGKUNGAN KOMPLEK SAWANGAN ELOK KECAMATAN BOJONGSARI KOTA DEPOK

Activities in public open spaces are most often carried out by children. Scientifically playing activities are very supportive of children's development such as learning and adapting to their sensory abilities. One of the play spaces that can be used by children is in public spaces, especially in residential areas. Many children do not have a yard to play in, so a playground is very important and is often the only place for children to play. The park is part of a green open space that mainly functions as a pollutant reducer and rainwater absorber. In its development, the use of the park has turned into a place that can accommodate residents. The Sawangan Elok Complex is one of the complexes located in Bojongsari District, Durenseribu Village, Depok City, which does not yet have public playground facilities for community activities, namely children's play activities and sports, especially in a settlement. For this reason, it is necessary to know what criteria must be met in presenting children's play activities and exercising in a playground to reduce boredom maintain health and increase the body's immunity so that it is not easily exposed to the corona virus during a pandemic like now. These criteria are used as the basis for providing a playground so that the use of the park can be felt directly by the surrounding community.

Discovery of novel oridonin sulfamide derivatives as potent NLRP3 inhibitors by a visible-light photocatalysis-enabled peripheral editing

The progress of organicsyntheticmethod can promote late-stage lead compound modification and novel active compound discovery. Molecular editing technology in the field of organic synthesis, including peripheral and skeletal editing, facilitates rapid access to molecular diversity of a lead compound. Peripheral editing of CH bond activation is gradually used in lead optimization to afford novel active scaffolds and chemical space exploitation. To develop oridonin derivatives with high anti-inflammatory potency, novel oridonin sulfamides had been designed and synthesized by a scaffoldhopping strategy based on a visible-light photocatalysis peripheral editing. All novel compounds revealed measurable inhibition of IL-1β and low cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells. The docking study indicated that the best active compound ZM640 was accommodated in thebinding site of NLRP3 with two hydrogen bond interaction. These preliminary results confirm that α, β-unsaturated carbonyl of oridonin is not essential for NLRP3 inhibitory effect. This new oridonin scaffold has its potential to be further developed as a promising class of NLRP3 inhibitors.

Dynamic shifts in predator diel activity patterns across landscapes and threat levels

Understanding the constraints that dominant predators impose on subordinate species is important for predicting ecosystem dynamics and anticipating outcomes of predator management. Subordinate predators may avoid dominant predators in time or space, making it difficult to quantify antipredator behaviours unless joint spatiotemporal analyses are used. Here, we test whether an invasive dominant predator (red fox Vulpes vulpes) alters the spatiotemporal activity of an invasive subordinate predator (feral cat Felis catus). We collated records of both species from 3667 camera‐traps deployed experimentally across two regions of south‐eastern Australia with simplified predator guilds. Foxes were poison‐baited in some landscapes within each region. We used generalised additive models to quantify changes in predator spatiotemporal activity across geographic space, vegetation types, human footprints and (artificially manipulated) gradients of dominant predator activity. Foxes and cats had similar diel activity patterns when averaged across all sites, but there was important differentiation at a finer scale: cats did not reduce their spatial activity but shifted diel patterns when localised fox activity was high. Cats were crepuscular on average. However, across dry vegetation types of both regions (where foxes were nocturnal), cats shifted to diurnal behaviour with increasing fox activity. In contrast, fox activity was relatively consistent throughout the daily cycle in the wet forest; here cats avoided dawn when fox activity was high. Changes in cat diel activity patterns may facilitate spatial coexistence between these two invasive predators, potentially shifting feral cat impacts onto different native prey. While it is well‐appreciated that predator activity varies spatially and fluctuates throughout the daily cycle,our study demonstrates that diel activity patterns also vary across space, likely mediated by both landscape‐context and fear. Dominant predator avoidance in time also appears to be spatially dynamic – a key nuance overlooked when simply comparing the average activity overlap between two species.

Variational Pair-Density Functional Theory: Dealing with Strong Correlation at the Protein Scale.

Multiconfigurational pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by traditional density functional theory (DFT) in addressing molecular systems containing transition metals, open-shells, or strong correlations in general. By utilizing both the density and on-top pair-density, MC-PDFT can make use of a more flexible multiconfigurational wave function to capture the necessary static correlation, while the pair-density functional also includes the effect of dynamic correlation. So far, MC-PDFT has been used after a multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) step, using the orbitals and configuration interaction coefficients from the converged MCSCF wave function to compute PDFT energies and properties. Here, instead, we propose to perform a direct optimization of the wave function using the pair-density functionals, resulting in a variational formulation of MC-PDFT. We derive the expressions for the wave function gradient and illustrate their similarity to standard MCSCF equations. Furthermore, we illustrate the accuracy on a set of singlet-triplet gaps as well as dissociation curves. Our findings highlight one of MC-PDFT's standout features: a reduced dependency on the active space size compared to conventional multiconfigurational wave function methodologies. Additionally, we show that the computational cost of MC-PDFT is potentially lower than MCSCF and often on-par with standard Kohn-Sham DFT, which is demonstrated by performing a MC-PDFT calculation of the entire ferredoxin protein with 1447 atoms and nearly 12000 basis functions.

Variational Quantum Eigensolver Boosted by Adiabatic Connection.

In this work, we integrate the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with the adiabatic connection (AC) method for efficient simulations of chemical problems on near-term quantum computers. Orbital-optimized VQE methods are employed to capture the strong correlation within an active space, and classical AC corrections recover the dynamical correlation effects comprising electrons outside of the active space. On two challenging strongly correlated problems, namely, the dissociation of N2 and the electronic structure of the tetramethyleneethane biradical, we show that the combined VQE-AC approach enhances the performance of VQE dramatically. Moreover, since the AC corrections do not bring any additional requirements on quantum resources or measurements, they can actually boost the VQE algorithms. Our work paves the way toward quantum simulations of real-life problems on near-term quantum computers.

Masticatory Muscles Activation and TMJ Space During Asymmetrically Loaded Jaw Closing

Masticatory muscle activation and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) load generated during asymmetrically loaded jaw closing are largely unknown. Two different strategies were developed to explain how the central nervous system (CNS) generates muscle activation patterns during motion: minimization of joint load (MJL) vs. minimization of muscle effort (MME). The aim of the present study was to investigate, experimentally, the neuromuscular strategy selected by the CNS to coordinate jaw closing in reaction to the application of an external asymmetric load. Masticatory muscle activation was measured with electromyography (EMG) and the minimum intra-articular distance (MID) was assessed by dynamic stereometry to infer joint loading. Ten healthy subjects performed jaw-closing movements against an asymmetric mandibular load set from 0.0 to 2.0 kg in 0.5-kg steps. Recordings were analyzed by exploratory and graphical statistical tools. Moreover, the observed differences in MID and EMG among the various mandibular loads were tested using non-parametric tests for repeated measures data. The ipsilateral-contralateral differences in MID and EMG of the anterior temporalis showed a significant increase (p < 0.001, p = 0.01) with increasing asymmetrical load with both joints being most heavily loaded at 1 kg. EMG signals of the masseter did not change significantly with increasing load. This study is the first to have analyzed the changes in the TMJ intra-articular space during asymmetrically loaded jaw-closing movements, not only three dimensionally and dynamically, but also combined with EMG. Asymmetrical load affected the TMJ space and masticatory muscle activation patterns, primarily resulting in an increased activation of the anterior temporalis muscle. This might suggest the involvement of a control mechanism to protect the joints from overloading. However, the results do not fully support the hypothesis of MJL nor the MME strategy.

Distributed Multi-GPU Ab Initio Density Matrix Renormalization Group Algorithm with Applications to the P-Cluster of Nitrogenase.

The presence of many degenerate d/f orbitals makes polynuclear transition-metal compounds, such as iron-sulfur clusters in nitrogenase, challenging for state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods. To address this challenge, we present the first distributed multi-graphics processing unit (GPU) ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm suitable for modern high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures. The central idea is to parallelize the most computationally intensive part─the multiplication of O(K2) operators with a trial wave function, where K is the number of spatial orbitals, by combining operator parallelism for distributing the workload with a batched algorithm for performing contractions on GPU. With this new implementation, we are able to reach an unprecedentedly large bond dimension D = 14,000 on 48 GPUs (NVIDIA A100 80 GB SXM) for an active space model (114 electrons in 73 active orbitals) of the P-cluster, which is nearly 3 times larger than the bond dimensions reported in previous DMRG calculations for the same system using only central processing units (CPUs).

Dinitrogen Activation Mediated by the (P2PPh)Fe Complex: Electronic Structure, Dimerization Mechanism, and Magnetic Coupling.

Herein, we report the estimation of the extent of dinitrogen activation by different charged and structural forms of (P2PPh)Fe biomimetic catalysts, which, in the presence of light, exhibit significant yield in the N2-to-NH3 conversion. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations have been used to determine the electronic structure of different reduced forms of the mononuclear complexes: the neutral (P2PPh)Fe(N2)2 adduct and the anionic [(P2PPh)Fe(N2)]- and [(P2PPh)Fe(N2)]2- complexes. These calculations also revealed that the extent of reduction of a dinitrogen molecule reaches up to one electron (N21-) due to the back-bonding from the Fe center, in agreement with the changes observed in the vibration frequency of the N-N bond in these complexes. In addition, the energy profile of the dimerization of the mononuclear (P2PPh)Fe(N2)2 complex to the dinuclear mono-N2-bridged [(P2PPh)Fe]2(μ-N2) complex has been determined by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A three-step mechanism has been proposed for the dimerization, favored by both kinetics and thermodynamics criteria. Finally, the magnetic coupling constant in the diiron (μ-N2) complex is estimated from CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations. Such a dinuclear complex presents a strong antiferromagnetic coupling resulting from the interaction between two S = 1 d6 Fe2+ ions, bridged by a highly activated dinitrogen molecule (N22-) with two electrons on the π* orbitals.

Integrating spatial analyses and microbotanical remains: A methodological approach for investigating plant processing activities and domestic spaces at Neolithic Çatalhöyük

In archaeology, the study of past plant processing activities in domestic spaces has hitherto relied greatly on the observed distribution of macrobotanical and artefactual remains. However, the surfaces where such activities took place can themselves preserve microscopic remains, potentially traceable to the activity that originated them. This paper presents new aspects of plant-related tasks, and the use of living space, at household level, in Neolithic Çatalhöyük through spatial analyses of phytoliths and starch grains recovered from two house floors. Results have revealed plant-related tasks such as crop processing, the use of plant-based crafts, and the management and culinary use of wild resources previously unrepresented in the archaeobotanical assemblage. These distinctive uses of vegetal resources in domestic spaces identified through microbotanical remains have shed light on new complex aspects of household social organisation in one of the earliest farming communities in Western Asia.

Locating Senior-Friendly Restaurants in a Community: A Bi-Objective Optimization Approach for Enhanced Equality and Convenience

Senior-friendly restaurants are dining establishments that cater specifically to the needs and preferences of older adults in a community. As the physical capabilities of seniors progressively decline and their activity spaces contract over time, determining optimal locations for such restaurants to ensure their accessibility becomes crucial. Nevertheless, the criteria for the location selection of senior-friendly restaurants are multifaceted, necessitating the consideration of both equality and convenience. First, these restaurants often receive government funding, which means that equitable access should be guaranteed for all community residents. Second, the daily activity patterns of seniors should be accounted for. Therefore, these restaurants should be situated in close proximity to other essential facilities utilized by seniors, such as recreational facilities that accommodate routine postmeal activities. Despite the long-standing application of spatial optimization approaches to facility location issues, no existing models directly address the location selection of senior-friendly restaurants. This study introduces a bi-objective optimization model, the Community Senior-Friendly Restaurants Location Problem (CSRLP), designed to determine optimal locations for senior-friendly restaurants, taking into consideration both service coverage and proximity to recreational facilities simultaneously. We formulated the CSRLP as an integer linear programming model. Simulation tests indicate that the CSRLP can be solved both effectively and efficiently. Applying the CSRLP model to two communities in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, we explored Pareto optimal solutions, facilitating the selection of senior-friendly restaurant locations under diverse scenarios. The results highlight the significant value of spatial optimization in aiding senior-friendly restaurant location planning and underscore key policy implications.

The relationship between management of facilities and tenants’ satisfaction towards retirement homes: An exploratory study

This paper intends to explore whether there exists any relationship between management of facilities and tenants’ satisfaction towards retirement homes in Malaysia. A set of questionnaire was administered to 400 tenants of retirement homes in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Johor, and Kelantan and only 205 complete questionnaires were used for the study. The questionnaire consists of six items on management of facilities with a high reliability value of α = 0.93; and eight items on tenants’ satisfaction with a high reliability value of α = 0.91. The results from Pearson correlation analysis show that there is a strong, positive and significant relationship between management of facilities and tenants’ satisfaction towards retirement homes. The respondents agreed with the items on efficient management of facilities which are collaborations with NGOs in providing transport and medical assistance, creating awareness of these collaborations, availability of food bank supply, an integrated database, effective management of activity space, collaboration with public professional healthcare and skilled social volunteers. As for tenants’ satisfaction, the tenants agreed with the items which include an increase in the number of retirement home tenants, availability of health screening equipment, high quality food and facilities, and skilled caretakers, retirement homes equipped with internet facilities, and happy with activities conducted. Hence, the findings show that the management of facilities in retirement homes has a direct relationship with tenants’ satisfaction towards these retirement homes.

Increasing demand for urban community gardening before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Community gardens are growing in popularity worldwide, especially in densely populated urban areas. They provide semi-public spaces for joint gardening activities and serve as social and ecological retreats. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions in movement and leisure activities led to a changed demand for urban green spaces, but it remains unclear how it affected the overall trend in demand for community gardens. We measured interest to participate in community gardening between 2018 and 2022 based on a combination of counted application numbers and qualitative responses from garden coordinators. Out of 373 contacted community gardens, 70 replied, distributed across 43 cities in Switzerland, Germany, UK, USA, Canada and New Zealand. We find an increase in demand for participation in community gardens from 2018 to 2022, both based on counted application numbers and memory-based interest in participation. A generalized linear mixed model shows significant increases in applications from 2018 to 2019 (19 %), 2020 to 2021 (25 %) and 2021 to 2022 (16 %), but not from 2019 to 2020 (−0.32 %). These results confirm an ongoing trend of increasing demand for community gardens, with momentary reduced activity during 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions, followed by a subsequent surge in demand. The peak increase in application numbers in 2021, along with the overall rise from 2018 to 2022, underscores the crucial role of community gardens in an urbanizing world, especially during challenging times. It is essential for urban planners to prioritize meeting this increasing demand as part of their efforts to make cities more sustainable.

Application of lean principles for building refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka

PurposeA comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the lean principles and the challenges of building refurbishment. To have an in-depth investigation of the application of lean principles to address the challenges of refurbishment projects, ten expert interviews following a qualitative research approach were utilised in this research. Data were analysed using manual content analysis to derive the framework.Design/methodology/approachThe refurbishment of buildings has attracted the attention of the present construction industry. However, uncertain project characteristics, information deficiency, limited space for construction activities and less stakeholder involvement make it complex. Since the lean concept effectively deals with complex and uncertain projects, this study focusses to investigate the application of lean principles to overcome the challenges of refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka by developing a framework.FindingsIt was found that the five main lean principles of customer value, value stream, value flow, pull and perfection are appropriate for building refurbishment projects in Sri Lanka. Precise identification of clients and end-users, value adding and non-value adding activities, interruptions and stakeholder communication chains, setting scope, examining the possible technologies and taking measures to deliver the exact product to ensure the successful application of lean principles for refurbishment projects. Further, 27 benefits of five lean principles were identified which can be used to address the 13 identified challenges of building refurbishment of projects. Finally, a framework has developed portraying the application of lean principles in building refurbishment.Practical implicationsThe framework developed is beneficial for the building refurbishment project team to address the barriers of refurbishment projects by applying lean principles.Originality/valueThis framework can be used as a guideline for the implementation of building refurbishment projects by addressing their challenges with lean principles.

Predictive value of the ToxCast/Tox21 high throughput toxicity screening data for approximating in vivo ecotoxicity endpoints and ecotoxicological risk in eco- surveillance applications

Ecotoxicology has long relied on assessing the hazard potential of chemicals through traditional in vivo testing methods to understand the possible risk exposure could pose to ecological taxa. In the past decade, the development of non-animal new approach methods (NAMs) for assessing chemical hazard and risk has quickly grown. These methods are often cheaper and faster than traditional toxicity testing, and thus are amenable to high-throughput toxicity testing (HTT), resulting in large datasets. The ToxCast/Tox21 HTT programs have produced in vitro data for thousands of chemicals covering a large space of biological activity. The relevance of these data to in vivo mammalian toxicity has been much explored. Interest has also grown in using these data to evaluate the risk of environmental exposures to taxa of ecological importance such as fish, aquatic invertebrates, etc.; particularly for the purpose of estimating the risk of exposure from real-world complex mixtures. Understanding the relationship and relative sensitivity of NAMs versus standardized ecotoxicological whole organism models is a key component of performing reliable read-across from mammalian in vitro data to ecotoxicological in vivo data. In this work, we explore the relationship between in vivo ecotoxicity data from several publicly available databases and the ToxCast/Tox21 data. We also performed several case studies in which we compare how using different ecotoxicity datasets, whether traditional or ToxCast-based, affects risk conclusions based on exposure to complex mixtures derived from existing large-scale chemical monitoring data. Generally, predictive value of ToxCast data for traditional in vivo endpoints (EPs) was poor (r ≤ 0.3). Risk conclusions, including identification of different chemical risk drivers and prioritized monitoring sites, were different when using HTT data vs. traditional in vivo data.

A Local Diabatisation Method for Two-State Adiabatic Conical Intersections.

A methodology to locally characterize conical intersections (CIs) between two adiabatic electronic states for which no nonadiabatic coupling (NAC) vectors are available is presented. Based on the Hessian and gradient at the CI, the branching space coordinates are identified. The potential energy surface around the CI in the branching space is expressed in the diabatic representation, from which the NAC vectors can be calculated in a wave-function-free, energy-based approach. To demonstrate the universality of the developed methodology, the minimum-energy CI (MECI) between the first (S1) and second (S2) singlet excited states of formamide is investigated at the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) and extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (XMS-CASPT2) levels of theory. In addition, the asymmetrical MECI between the ground state (S0) and S1 of cyclopropanone is evaluated using SA-CASSCF, as well as (ME)CIs between the S1 and S2 states of benzene using SA-CASSCF and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Finally, a CI between the S1 and S2 excited states of thiophene was analyzed using TDDFT.

Positive and negative aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic among a diverse sample of US adults: an exploratory mixed-methods analysis of online survey data.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound social and economic impact across the United States due to the lockdowns and consequent changes to everyday activities in social spaces. The COVID-19's Unequal Racial Burden (CURB) survey was a nationally representative, online survey of 5,500 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Latino (English- and Spanish-speaking), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White, and multiracial adults living in the U.S. For this analysis, we used data from the 1,931 participants who responded to the 6-month follow-up survey conducted between 8/16/2021-9/9/2021. As part of the follow-up survey, participants were asked "What was the worst thing about the pandemic that you experienced?" and "Was there anything positive in your life that resulted from the pandemic?" Verbatim responses were coded independently by two coders using open and axial coding techniques to identify salient themes, definitions of themes, and illustrative quotes, with reconciliation across coders. Chi-square tests were used to estimate the association between sociodemographics and salient themes. Commonly reported negative themes among participants reflected disrupted lifestyle/routine (27.4%), not seeing family and friends (9.8%), and negative economic impacts (10.0%). Positive themes included improved relationships (16.9%), improved financial situation (10.1%), and positive employment changes (9.8%). Differences in themes were seen across race-ethnicity, gender, and age; for example, adults ≥ 65 years old, compared to adults 18-64, were more likely to report disrupted routine/lifestyle (37.6% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001) as a negative aspect of the pandemic, and Spanish-speaking Latino adults were much more likely to report improved relationships compared to other racial-ethnic groups (31.1% vs. 14.8-18.6%, p = 0.03). Positive and negative experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic varied widely and differed across race-ethnicity, gender, and age. Future public health interventions should work to mitigate negative social and economic impacts and facilitate posttraumatic growth associated with pandemics.

Utilization of Public Open Space: Movement Pattern and Compromised Territory

Understanding open space management based on local culture is an important aspect in creating an inclusive quality of community life. Serang City Square is a public space that has high vitality in its utilization for the local community. The government of Serang City (the capital of Banten Province) currently manages the area including the square. Its spatial layout is optimally organized for directed development, so that it suits the needs of users. The research objectives are 1) to study the movement patterns of space users through user considerations in choosing space, time and place for activities - 2) to reveal the territoriality of space utilization and informal agreements underlying its management. The research method used a quasi-qualitative approach, with place-centered mapping techniques and in-depth interviews. The results show that 1) the pattern of public open space utilization and its changes are influenced by the choice of time, type of activity, weather conditions and distance, 2) spatial territory is built by attachment to space due to habits and agreements of space users based on informal rules and compromises. This research contributes to local governments in considering the planning and arrangement of open spaces.

Study of electronic structure and optical transition properties of low-lying excited states of AuB molecules based on configuration interaction method

High-level configuration interaction method including the spin-orbit coupling is used to investigate the low-lying excited electronic states of AuB that is not reported experimentally. The electronic structure in our work is preformed through the three steps stated below. First of all, Hartree-Fock method is performed to compute the singlet-configuration wavefunction as the initial guess. Next, we generate a multi-reference wavefunction by using the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SACASSCF). Finally, the wavefunctions from CASSCF are utilized as reference, the exact energy point values are calculated by the explicitly correlated dynamic multi-reference configuration interaction method (MRCI). The Davidson correction (+Q) is put forward to solve the size-consistence problem caused by the MRCI method. To ensure the accuracy, the spin-orbit effect and correlation for inner shell electrons and valence shell electrons are considered in our calculation. The potential energy curves of 12 Λ-S electronic states are obtained. According to the explicit potential energy curves, we calculate the spectroscopic constants through solving radial Schrödinger equation numerically. We analyze the influence of electronic state configuration on the dipole moment by using the variation of dipole moment with nuclear distance. The spin-orbit matrix elements for parts of low-lying exciting states are computed, and the relation between spin-orbit coupling and predissociation is discussed. The predissociation is analyzed by using the obtained spin-orbit matrix elements of the 4 Λ-S states which spilt into 12 Ω states. It indicates that due to the absence of the intersections between the curves of spin-orbit matrix elements related with the 4 low-lying Λ-S states, the predissociation for these low-lying exciting states will not occur. Finally, the properties of optical transition between the ground Ω state &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M3"&gt;\begin{document}$ {\rm A}^{1}{{{\Pi}}}_{1} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;alternatives&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231347_M3.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231347_M3.png"/&gt;&lt;/alternatives&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; and first excited Ω state &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M4"&gt;\begin{document}$ {{\mathrm{X}}}^{1}{{{\Sigma }}}_{{0}^{+}} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;alternatives&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231347_M4.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231347_M4.png"/&gt;&lt;/alternatives&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; are discussed in laser-cooling filed by analyzing the Franck-Condon factors and radiative lifetime. And the transition dipole moment is also calculated. But our results reveal that the AuB is not an ideal candidate for laser-cooling. In conclusion, this work is helpful in deepening the understanding of AuB, especially the structures of electronic states, interaction between excited states, and optical transition properties. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at &lt;ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00009"&gt;https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00009&lt;/ext-link&gt;.

Contractile and Tensile Measurement of Molecular Artificial Muscles for Biohybrid Robotics.

A printable artificial muscle assembled from biomolecular motors, which we have recently developed, showed great potential in overcoming the design limitations of conventional biohybrid robots as a new bio-actuator. Characterizing its contractility for extending its applicability is important. However, conventional measurement methods are composed of complex operations with poor reproducibility, flexibility, and real-time responsiveness. This study presents a new method for measuring the contractile force generated by artificial muscles. A measurement system was constructed, wherein artificial muscles were patterned by UV laser scanning in an oil-sealed microchamber, and the contractile force was measured in real time using a microforce sensor extended by a 3D-printed microcantilever. The measurement accuracy of the sensor was ensured through calibration and correction. For demonstration purposes, a series of contractile measurements were carried out using the proposed system. The relationship between contractile force and the dimensions of the activation space of the artificial muscles, as well as the tensile properties of the contracted muscle chain were evaluated. The results will help characterize the contractile properties of the artificial muscle and lay the foundations for its further application in biohybrid robotics.

Engaging Student Voices and Choices: Developing a Playground for All

Engaging Student Voices and Choices: Developing a Playground for All