The current study focused on the analysis of learning conceptions of 3rd cycle students in residential care. Literature indicates that learning conceptions are expressed and materialized in different learning situations, leading to the achievement of qualitatively different learning outcomes. The available data on the school situation of children and young people in care have been identifying various school fragilities. Fifty-five adolescents who lived in residential care institutions in Porto and Braga participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with a script focused on the various questions about learning (Gracio, 2002). School performance of the participants was also collected, which proved to be mostly consistent with a situation of school failure. Results point to an identification of learning conceptions, mainly of the reproductive type. We also perceive that these young people conceptualise learning as a means to achieve a better future, in which one learns from others and from mistakes. Data reinforce the relevance of the active role of students in their learning and of the development of studies in the domain of education of young people in residential care.