Outdoor Recreation Activities Research Articles

Safety Issues in Children's Outdoor Recreational Activities, Hail City

Safety Issues in Children's Outdoor Recreational Activities, Hail City

The Relationship Between Mountaineering Activity and Life Satisfaction as an Outdoor Recreation Activity

Bu çalışmanın amacı dağcılık faaliyetlerine katılan bireylerin, açık alan rekreasyon aktivitesi olarak dağcılığı tercih etme nedenlerini, dağcılığın kişisel gelişimlerine katkısını, iş ve özel yaşamları üzerine etkisini belirleyerek; dağcılık faaliyetlerinin bireylerin yaşam doyumu ile bir ilişkisinin olup olmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak İzmir’de faaliyet gösteren bir dağcılık kulübüne üye, 27 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler neticesinde, bireylerin dağcılık etkinliklerine katılım amaçları arasında doğada zaman geçirmek, spor yapmak, sosyalleşmek, risk, macera, heyecan, mutluluk, mücadele, adrenalin ve benzenleri yer almaktadır. Dağcılık faaliyetlerine katılımın bireylerin hayatında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu, keşfetmeye, sosyalleşmeye, kendini dinlemeye ve ruhen yenilenmeye katkısının olduğu görülmüştür. Bu amaçlar dağcılık ile uğraşanlara huzur ve mutluluk sağlamakta ve bireylerin yaşam doyumlarına yönelik olumlu bir etki oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bireylerin dağcılık faaliyetlerine katılımları ile elde ettikleri yaşam doyumları arasında olumlu bir ilişkinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yaşam doyumu, mutluluğun veya öznel iyi oluşun “bilişsel” bir kavramsallaştırması olarak görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte kişinin ihtiyaçlarını, hedeflerini ve isteklerini yerine getirme yargılarını içermektedir.

Plastics on the rocks: the invisible but harmful footprint of shoe soles

Outdoor recreational activities for leisure and for sport training have grown in popularity. Their environmental impacts remain little studied, especially the waste generated by over-frequentation. Our objective was to document how frequentation of a short mountain hiking trail can lead to significant quantities of waste. To this aim, all small objects found along a three-kilometer trail were collected and their origin determined. Polymers were predominant, and were mostly shoe sole fragments. This has never been documented and must be publicized due to the potential harmfulness to terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, and to increase the walkers’ awareness.

Modifying effect of outdoor recreational activity on the association between anger expression and cardiovascular disease risk: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Outdoor recreational activity (ORA) has been suggested as a practical strategy for anger management to moderate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a lack of evidence pertaining to this topic. Our aim was to examine whether ORA modified the association between anger expression and the risk of CVD. A community-based cohort study was conducted among 1877 Japanese individuals aged 40-79 years at baseline in 1997. The anger expression was measured using the Spielberger Anger Expression Scale. Stratified into low and high ORA (0 and ≥ 1 of the four behaviors), a Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the anger expression-related risk of incident CVD (ischemic heart disease and stroke). We identified 76 incident CVDs during a median follow-up of 18.8 years. Among participants with low ORA, anger expression was associated with an increased risk of CVD, whereas no association was identified among those with high ORA. The standardized hazard ratios were 1.53 (95% CI, 1.23-1.91) and 0.77 (0.51-1.15) among those with low and high ORA, respectively: p for interaction = .004. Similar associations were observed regarding the risk of total and ischemic stroke, and ischemic CVD. We found an elevated risk of CVD associated with anger expression among participants with low ORA but not among those with high ORA, suggesting that ORA use may mitigate the association between anger expression and CVD risk.

Epidemiology of Hand and Wrist Injuries in Outdoor Recreational Activities

Introduction: With participation in outdoor and remote activities rising, it is essential for wilderness medicine clinicians to be aware of the hand, wrist, and forearm injuries that commonly occur. From mountain biking to rock climbing to dog walking, hand and wrist injuries are ubiquitous, and knowledge of them can improve preparedness. Methods: This was a retrospective study that evaluated hand, wrist, and forearm injuries, sustained during recreational outdoor activities, that then presented to orthopaedics. Data were recorded over the course of 1 calendar year for activity, body part, injury type, sex, age, and the need for surgery. This was then analyzed to highlight trends. Results: Of 436 hand, wrist, and forearm injuries, the wrist was the most frequently injured upper extremity body part with 253 injuries. The most common type of injury was fracture with 336, and of these fractures, 170 were of the distal radius. Biking, skateboarding, and dog walking were the most common causes of injury, and the most frequently injured patients were young men and older women. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of clinician preparation for evaluation and management of hand, wrist, and forearm injuries, including distal radius fractures. It also highlights the importance of recognizing patients at risk for osteoporosis. Having knowledge of the leading injuries, most common mechanisms, and most at-risk patients helps with clinician training, provider and kit preparedness, and participant education.

Investigating Recreation Activity Type on College Students’ Subjective Well-being and Leisure Satisfaction

Those working in higher education have a vested interest in understanding how outdoor recreation activities facilitate happiness in students, especially with student well-being at an all-time low. The following study compares indoor versus outdoor recreation activities within the context of the DRAMMA model of leisure engagement and subjective well-being, which includes the psychological mechanisms of meaning, mastery, detachment-recovery, autonomy, and affiliation. In addition, the role of leisure satisfaction is considered as part of the model. Findings indicated a significant difference in the subjective well-being score between outdoor and indoor recreation participants and a higher score in leisure satisfaction for outdoor than indoor recreation participants.Keywords: DRAMMA, Happiness, Leisure Satisfaction, Recreation Activity

The Effect of Outdoor Recreational Activities on Rural Tourism

Çalışma açık hava rekreasyonel aktiviteleri içerisinde yer alan ekstrem sporların doğaya ve kırsal turizm alanlarına etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 
 Kırsal turizm insanların şehrin gürültüsünden kaçarak, kısa ve uzun süreli zaman geçirdikleri alternatif bir turizm türüdür. Kırsal turizm destinasyonlarında, rekreasyonel aktivitelere katılımlar olmaktadır. Bu aktiviteler yürüyüş, yeme – içme, yörenin kültürünü tanıma, kamp yapma ve ekstrem sporları vb içerebilmektedir. Doğal alanlarda yapılan sporlar, açık hava rekreasyonu olarak ifade edilmektedir. 
 Kırsal turizmin pek çok çeşidi olmasına rağmen bu çalışmada açık hava rekreasyonel aktiviteleri içerisinde yer alan ekstrem sporlar ve bu sporların doğaya etkileri incelenmiştir. Literatür taranarak, rekreasyonel ekstrem spor aktiviteleri ve kırsal turizme etkileri araştırılmıştır. 
 İnceleme sonucunda rekreasyonel aktivitelerin kırsal turizm destinasyonlarında ekonomik fayda sağladığı, istihdamı arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ekstrem spor yapanların doğa ile bütünleştiği, doğaya değer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kullanılan ekipmanların, geride bırakılan atıkların ve suya karışan sabun gibi kimyasalların kirliliğe neden olduğu görülmüştür. 
 Çalışma betimsel olup, ikincil verilere dayandırılmaktadır. Türkiye’de yapılan açık hava rekreasyonel aktiviteleri içerisinde yer alan ekstrem sporların, kırsal turizm destinasyonlarına etkisine dikkat çekmesi sebebiyle literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.

Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of Europeans' usage and preferences

Abstract In light of global climate change and the biodiversity crisis, making cities more resilient through an adjusted design of urban green and blue spaces is crucial. Nature‐based solutions help address these challenges while providing opportunities for nature experiences, and providing cultural ecosystem services that support public health. The COVID‐19 pandemic and its associated stressors highlighted the interrelated socio‐ecological services provided by nature‐based solutions like urban green and blue spaces. This pan‐European study therefore aimed to enhance the socio‐ecological understanding of green and blue spaces to support their design and management. Using an online survey, green and blue space preferences, usage, and pandemic‐related changes in greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were examined. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were associated with respondents’ (N = 584 from 15 countries) geographical location, dominant type of neighbourhood greenspace and greenspace availability during the pandemic, but not greenspace perceptions or sociodemographic background. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were generally high; however, Southern Europeans reported lower greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies both before and during the pandemic than Northern Europeans. Many Southern Europeans also reported having few neighbourhood greenspaces and low greenspace availability during the pandemic. The most common outdoor recreational activity among respondents before the pandemic was walking or running with the most frequently stated purpose of time spent outdoors being restorative in nature (i.e. relaxing or calming down). Most Europeans had positive perceptions of green and blue spaces with preferences for structurally diverse and natural or unmanaged green elements. This highlights the importance of accessible green and blue spaces both in everyday life and during times of crisis. Stakeholders, their preferences, and regional and cultural differences should be included in the co‐design of urban green and blue spaces to maximize their potential for both people and nature. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Preference and Constraints on Outdoor Recreational Activities: Insights from Hospitality Management Students

This study was conducted to determine patronage and benefits of the hospitality management students on recreational activities. This specifically assessed the preference and constraints on the land, water, and air outdoor recreational activities. Through descriptive-correlational research design and researcher-made questionnaire, it identified significant relationship between the demographic profile and their preference on outdoor recreational activities. The survey tool was distributed through Google Forms via messenger. Results showed that camping, swimming and parasailing are the most preferred outdoor recreational activities. Majority of the respondents preferred participating in outdoor activities with their families. Majority of them have joined activities inside the campus while others wanted to experience it in local parks, trails or playgrounds. Furthermore, the statistical results for motivation are much higher than the constraints implying higher benefits than the experienced constraints. The test of relationship proved that the demographic profile of the participants is irrelevant to their preferences, motivation and constraints.

Rural tourism activities in mass tourism destinations: residents vs non-residents perspectives

Actividades de turismo rural en destinos de turismo de masas: Perspectivas de residentes vs no residentesResumenObjetivo Este trabajo examina las preferencias del turismo rural como nicho de mercado alternativo a los destinos turísticos de masas. El análisis discute las diferencias en las percepciones y la disposición a pagar por varios paquetes de actividades de turismo rural en la isla de Gran Canaria entre residentes y no residentes.Diseño/metodología/enfoque El análisis se basa en una muestra de conveniencia de potenciales clientes jóvenes que están familiarizados con las actividades recreativas al aire libre en la naturaleza. El estudio considera un experimento de elección discreta que incluye el tipo de alojamiento, así como cuatro tipos de actividades de turismo rural: activo, pasivo, cultural y acuático. El grado de preferencia por los atributos considerados se obtiene a partir de la estimación de diferentes modelos de elección discreta.Resultados Los resultados revelan que la inclusión de los atributos investigados en los paquetes vacacionales aumenta la utilidad de los turistas, lo que motiva la promoción del turismo rural para jóvenes residentes y no residentes. Las diferencias más significativas en las percepciones de los atributos entre residentes y no residentes se encontraron en las actividades de buceo/snorkel y observación de estrellas, así como en el tipo de alojamiento y el precio del paquete.Originalidad Hasta donde los autores saben, este es el primer estudio que evalúa la disposición a pagar por paquetes de turismo rural como una alternativa más sostenible en destinos de turismo masivo y que tiene en cuenta las percepciones de los residentes frente a los no residentes.Implicaciones prácticas El estudio contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de un mercado turístico alternativo que ayudará a los principales agentes del sector turístico a atender mejor este importante segmento de la industria y a fomentar un turismo más sostenible en el futuro.

Influence of Gender on Recreational Participation. A Critical Literature Review

Purpose: Recreation is an intentional activity geared towards accomplishment of self and social gains including refurbishment and collective connectivity. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of gender on recreational participation. A critical literature review
 Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
 Findings: Music followed by singing and dancing while the least popular indoor recreational activity was aerobics and snooker/pool. The most popular outdoor recreational activity was walking while the least popular outdoor recreational activity for women was swimming and playing cards. Frequency of participation in both indoor and outdoor recreational activities by women was influenced by the age. Frequency of participation in both indoor and outdoor recreational activities was not influenced by the family size or the number of children. Frequency of participation in the indoor and outdoor recreational activities by women was not influenced by their monthly income. The family size was not a determining factor for participation in both indoor and outdoor recreational activities
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the county government should set aside land for developing various recreational facilities within the informal settlement areas to be accessed by all residents to mitigate time constraints; for example, construction of swimming pools since swimming is reported as the least popular outdoor activity.

아웃도어레크리에이션의 사회계층화 분석

Guided by social inequality perspectives, this study seeks to advance our understanding of social inequality and outdoor recreation participation by testing if socioeconomic status affects the range and frequency of outdoor recreation participation. Six outdoor recreation activity subfields were analyzed and compared. The result indicated that participation in six outdoor recreation fields was socially structured by educational status and economic status, however, to different degrees. A wider range of outdoor recreation participation was associated with higher educational and economic status. Differences were observed in the frequency of participation in subfields, as some outdoor recreation fields were more selective by educational or economic status whereas others were not socially structured. The results also showed that educational and economic status had mixed effects on different outdoor recreation fields.

Comparison of Participation Motives in Outdoor Recreation Activities Between Genders of Kelab Rekreasi UiTM Malaysia (KRESMA) Members

Comparison of Participation Motives in Outdoor Recreation Activities Between Genders of Kelab Rekreasi UiTM Malaysia (KRESMA) Members

A travel cost recreation demand model examining the economic benefits of acid mine drainage remediation to trout anglers.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global environmental problem which has well-documented effects on the physical, chemical, biological, and ecological characteristics of waterways. Less well examined are the economic benefits generated by costly AMD remediation efforts. This research examines trout angler willingness-to-pay (WTP) to maintain fisheries quality benefits resulting from AMD remediation on the North Branch of the Potomac River (NBPR), Maryland. The NBPR has a history of severe AMD-related degradation previously rendering the waterbody unsuitable for many outdoor recreational activities such as trout fishing. However, extensive NBPR AMD remediation activities including nine automated limestone dosers that neutralize acidic water and improve water quality have been critical to developing and maintaining a high quality recreational trout fishery with hatchery-raised stocked trout and naturally reproducing populations of wild trout. To examine trout angler WTP to maintain current NBPR trout fishing quality and hence avoid plausible fishing quality reductions associated with the elimination of nine NBPR limestone dosers, a travel cost recreation demand model of trout angler fishing site choice was developed using data from a survey of Maryland non-tidal anglers. Model results reveal that annual Maryland trout angler WTP to maintain current NBPR trout stocking levels and wild trout abundance, relative to the elimination of the NBPR as a trout fishing site, is about $850,000. These economic benefits to a single stakeholder group - Maryland trout anglers - exceeds the total estimated $340,000 in annual operations and maintenance costs associated with all Maryland limestone dosers. While the positive net economic benefits produced by limestone dosers provide a justification for continuing annual limestone doser expenditures, it's important to note that total economic benefits are likely much higher, as many non-trout fishing benefits remain unaccounted for in this analysis. The approach in this manuscript can serve as a model for practitioners regarding the use of fisheries data and recreational fisher site choice to estimate fishing-related economic benefits from past or for future AMD remediation activities. Given anticipated substantial investments in AMD remediation, additional research in this area is much needed to evaluate past and guide future remediation activities.

Environmental Analysis of Warm-Season First Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Events over the Western Florida Peninsula

Abstract Florida annually leads the United States in lightning-caused fatalities. While many studies have examined the lightning frequency maximum near Cape Canaveral, relatively little attention has been paid to the western Florida peninsula, which features a similar warm-season lightning event density. Of particular concern are first cloud-to-ground (FCG) lightning events in developing thunderstorms, which are difficult to predict with sufficient lead time and can catch people off guard. This study performs an environmental analysis of warm-season (May–September) FCG events (2014–21) across the western Florida peninsula using high-resolution model analysis data, including a comparison to null (No CG) days. FCG events and No CG days are first identified from ground-based lightning data and partitioned into nine synoptic-scale flow regimes. Next, spatiotemporal distributions of FCG events are elucidated for the western Florida peninsula. An ingredients-based analysis shows that the convective environment one hour before FCG events during strong south-southeast flow features the largest amounts of moisture, but the smallest instability values and weak midtropospheric lapse rates, primarily due to warm advection and moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean. Environments one hour before FCG events in all nine flow regimes feature markedly greater instability values, larger relative humidity values, and steeper midtropospheric lapse rates than do No CG days. Results emphasize that instability and moisture are the key ingredients for warm-season FCG events in the region. Convective parameter statistical distributions and composite soundings populate an online dashboard that can be used by regional forecasters to better predict FCG events and increase alert lead times. Significance Statement Florida annually leads the United States in lightning fatalities. Of particular concern are first cloud-to-ground (FCG) lightning events, which are difficult to forecast and can catch people off guard especially during outdoor recreational activities and labor. We investigate the environmental characteristics of warm-season FCG events across the western Florida peninsula. Among nine regional flow patterns, some are associated with a less moist and more unstable atmosphere one hour before an FCG event, while other regimes exhibit a more moist and less unstable atmosphere. However, regardless of flow pattern, FCG events consistently feature substantially greater instability and moisture than do null events. Key findings are displayed on an online dashboard, to better inform regional forecasters.

Investigation of User Trends and Recreational Service Relations in the Sample of Kadınçayırı Natural Park

With the increasing interest in outdoor recreation activities, the demand for national parks and natural parks also increases. Natural parks are natural parts with vegetation and wildlife features, suitable for public recreation and entertainment in the integrity of the landscape. Unlike National Parks, they are natural parts that have protection, recreation and tourism areas with only natural resource values that are rare nationally and internationally. Today, natural park areas are visited by many people who come for recreation activities. For this reason, recreational activities in natural parks gain importance and take an important place in tourism activities. Kadınçayırı Natural Park, which is the research area, is located between Çankırı and Kastamonu provinces. It has aimed to reveal the recreational potential by evaluating user trends and expert preferences with the surveys conducted in the field. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis has been applied to the obtained data arranged in line with Gülez Method features and it has been determined that the recreational service and potential of the Kadınçayırı Natural Park showed enrichment and there are some criteria that affect the recreational activities in the area and in this context, suggestions have been developed in terms of the Landscape Architecture professional discipline.

Will I See Faces Like Mine?: Exploring Perceived Constraints to Outdoor Recreation Experiences at an HBCU

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore perceived constraints of structured outdoor recreation experiences for students attending a Historically Black College/University (HBCU). Data were collected from four focus group sessions. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the data and from an analysis of data, four themes emerged: 1. Family impact, 2. Companionship, 3. Social media and technology, and 4. HBCU and Black American cultures. This study confirmed the importance of social companionship and the need for relevant marketing strategies as motivators for Black student participation in outdoor recreation activities at this HBCU. A common thread among the groups, was the perception of Whiteness in outdoor spaces and its negative impact on outdoor recreation involvement.

Military veterans’ motivation and barriers to outdoor recreation participation

ABSTRACT Outdoor activity benefits veterans’ sense of well-being, coping skills and affective experience while improving physical and mental health. Understanding military veterans’ motivation for and barriers to outdoor recreation allows healthcare providers to design interventions that help veterans achieve their healthcare objectives through outdoor activity, which may enhance treatment engagement and clinical outcomes. Veterans were surveyed about their reasons for and barriers to participation in outdoor recreational activities. Veterans’ motivations for engaging in their preferred outdoor activities were: 1. keep fit and healthy, 2. meet new people, 3. learn something new, 4. feel in harmony with nature, and 5. achieve spiritual fulfilment. Veterans with mobility challenges more frequently pursued outdoor activities when it was important for them to keep fit and healthy. Veterans without mobility challenges more frequently pursued outdoor activities when it was important for them to: 1. experience challenge and excitement, 2. meet new people, 3. learn something new, 4. feel harmony with nature, and 5. achieve spiritual fulfilment. The most common barriers to outdoor recreation were health problems, crowded facilities, family time, and feeling too tired. Veterans’ motivations for outdoor recreation were stronger drivers of their actual outdoor recreation participation than barriers to that activity.

New West and Old West in the Twenty-First Century: The Rich Get Richer

The rural U.S. West is increasingly valued for its unique natural beauty, tourism potential, and the outdoor recreational activities it provides rather than for its grazing potential, lumber mills, or extraction of valuable minerals. With this transition in mind, we examine demographic changes in the region within the context of selective migration. We build on research conducted in the late 1990s that studied the changing spatial patterns of migration and income migration within the rural Mountain West. We update the current economic and demographic structure of the region and then document how 1990s patterns have persisted through an analysis of population concentration and income migration using U.S. Census and Internal Revenue Service data. Positive net migration and income migration have focused on New West (high amenity) counties, whereas the Old West, comprised of government, mining and manufacturing, farming, and other (diversified) counties, has fallen farther behind in income migration. Consequently, selective migration to areas of natural beauty and recreation potential has increasingly transformed the rural New West into its own peculiar geography, distinct in demographics as well as environment from the Old West, revealing a growing spatial inequality between these two areas, especially in income and housing.

O1-1 Footfall trends on Irish walking trails before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundOrganisations operating at multiple levels of the physical activity and outdoor recreation ecosystem in Ireland collect data pertaining to recreational trail use, yet despite its potential utility, there is no centralised surveillance system for Irish walking trails. Due to the little effort to collate data, recreational walking trail usage in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aims of this study are twofold. Firstly, this study aims to compare trends in footfall count data on Irish trails prior to, and during, the period following the outbreak of COVID-19. Secondly, this study aims to triangulate findings from footfall count data with openly available mobility data.MethodsThis descriptive study analysed changes in footfall counts gathered from passive infrared sensors on 33 of Ireland's walking trails between January 2019 and December 2020. The relationship between Google Community Mobility Report (GCMR) data and footfall counts was analysed to corroborate trends in footfall data.ResultsOverall, total footfall increased by 6% (p = 0.024) between 2019 and 2020 on trails included in this analysis. Notably, mean trail usage was between 26% and 47% higher (p = 0.002) in October-December 2020 than during the same period in 2019. On average, trails >2km from an urban area had higher footfall during all periods of movement restrictions.ConclusionsThe conclusions of this study are twofold. Firstly, recreational walking trail use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially on trails closer to urban areas. The increase reported here poses questions relating to the potential positive legacy which the pandemic period may have had on recreational trail use. Secondly, combining multiple data sources can provide trail managers with more detailed representations of trail usage. However, there are currently little efforts to harmonise data. Future research should examine the multi-level determinants of trail use to inform context specific trail promotion campaigns. Furthermore, investigating novel ways to coordinate heterogeneous datasets pertaining to recreational walking may prove fruitful for the fields of outdoor recreation and physical activity research.