Active Network Research Articles

Optimal µPMU Placement Considering Node Importance and Multiple Deployed Monitoring Devices in Distribution Networks

The placement of micro phasor measurement units in an active distribution network can improve the monitoring performance of the system. However, the price and placement cost of micro phasor measurement units are high, so existing research mostly focuses on solving the problem of achieving global observability with the minimum number of micro phasor measurement units. However, the problems of frequent topology change in the distribution network and the increase in the number of faults that will be caused by the high proportion of distributed energy resources connected to the system may lead to the above placement scheme losing the observability of the system. The balance of maintaining the number of micro phasor measurement units placed while ensuring the monitoring stability of the system remains a crucial challenge. To address this issue, a micro phasor measurement unit placement method that considers the observability of multiple monitoring devices and node importance is proposed in this paper, which, on the one hand, fully considers the impact of the observability of existing monitoring devices on the micro phasor measurement units placement scheme and reduces the number of micro phasor measurement units that are used to achieve global observability, and, on the other hand, gives priority to placing the micro phasor measurement units at important nodes in the distribution network that are closely related to observation stability, improving the observation performance of the system. The superiority of the proposed μPMU method is verified in standard systems such as IEEE-33, IEEE-34, and P&G69, in which the number of required μPMUs is reduced by 20%, and the observation performance of the system is improved by 30% in special cases.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the ferroptosis-associated mechanism of Changpu-Yizhi-Wan in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Changpu-Yizhi-Wan (CYW) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the perspective of ferroptosis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2.0 (ETCM2.0) database was used to collect the active components of CYW, and the putative targets were predicted in ETCM2.0 and SwissTargetPrediction database. The AD related targets were collected from GeneCards, comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), DisGeNET and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), the ferroptosis related targets were collected from FerrDb V2 database, and the common targets of CYW, AD and ferroptosis were calculated by Venny2.1 platform. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed by STRING database, and the active compounds-target network and the PPI network were constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis were performed through DAVID database. RSL3 was used to induce HT22 cells to establish a neuronal ferroptosis cell model, and the inhibitory effect of CYW on neuronal ferroptosis was evaluated by cell viability assay, intracellular iron assay and lipid peroxidation staining. The ferroptosis-associated key protein expressions of Nrf2, SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 were detected by Western blot. A total of 100 candidate compounds were identified from CYW, and 1129 putative targets were obtained. 3924 AD-related targets and 564 ferroptosis-related targets were collected, respectively. There were 78 common targets between them and CYW targets, which were potential targets for CYW to regulate ferroptosis in the treatment of AD. PPI network analysis identified 10 key targets, including TP53, IL6, STAT3, HIF1A, NFE2L2, and others. GO, KEGG and Reactome enrichment analysis showed that 78 potential targets were involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and Nrf2-mediated gene transcription. Molecular docking showed that some active components of CYW had good affinity with Nrf2. In RSL3-induced HT22 cells, CYW significantly improved cell viability, reduced intracellular iron levels and inhibited lipid peroxidation, and improved the protein expression of Nrf2, SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1. The pharmacological mechanism of CYW in the treatment of AD may be related to the regulation of Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4/FTH1 axis to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis.

Optimal synchronization of overcurrent relays in active distribution networks using a hybrid genetic-differential optimization algorithm

Optimal synchronization of overcurrent relays in active distribution networks using a hybrid genetic-differential optimization algorithm

Chemo-optogenetic Dimerization Dissects Complex Biological Processes.

Light offers superior control in terms of high temporal precision, high spatial precision, and non-invasiveness for the regulation of cellular functions. In recent years, chemical biologists have adopted chemo-optogenetic dimerization approaches, such as photo-triggered chemical inducers of dimerization (pCIDs), as a general tool for spatiotemporal regulation of cellular functions. Traditional chemo-optogenetic dimerization triggers either a single ON or a single OFF of cellular activity. However, more sophisticated approaches are introduced in recent years. These include the ability to turn ON and OFF using different wavelengths of light, tools enabling multi-layer control of cellular activities, and nanobody-tethered photodimerizers. These advancements not only shed light on the study of ubiquitously existing multi-functional proteins but also create new opportunities for investigating complex cellular activity networks.

Research on Fault Section Location in an Active Distribution Network Based on Improved Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer

The high penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution system poses a challenge to the protection techniques and strategies of active distribution networks, making it difficult to adapt traditional methods to the fault diagnosis of the new power system. A method based on the improved subtractive optimiser algorithm for fault diagnosis is proposed to address this situation. Firstly, a fault localization model applicable to DG grid connection is constructed, which can effectively deal with the impact of the dynamic switching of DGs on the system and make up for the shortcomings of the traditional single-power network model; secondly, to solve the model, the original algorithm is improved using multi-strategy fusion, and the improved subtraction-average-based optimizer (ISABO) is obtained. Through the test of classical functions, its excellent solving performance and decoupling ability are verified; finally, the ISABO algorithm is applied to the 33-node test system to make it operate in various complex fault conditions. The results show that the ISABO algorithm is feasible in solving the fault location problem and can adapt to the connect/disconnect state of the interconnection switch and the dynamic casting and cutting of multiple DGs. Compared with the original SABO algorithm, its positioning accuracy can always be maintained at 100%, and the positioning speed is increased by 46.68%, symmetrically improving positioning speed, positioning accuracy, and fault tolerance.

Study on mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in the treatment of the hand-foot skin reaction induced by targeted drug therapy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: An observational study.

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study explored its active compounds and confirmed its potential mechanism of action against Hand-foot skin reaction induced by tumor-targeted drugs. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and UniProt Database were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of Spatholobi Caulis. All hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR)-related targets were obtained with the help of the Human Gene Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Humans (OMIM), DisGeNET and DrugBank databases. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target visualization network of Spatholobi Caulis, and the common target network of Spatholobi Caulis and HFSR. And through the BisoGenet plug-in in Cytoscape, PPI network topology analysis was performed. The Metescape database and online mapping tool platform were used for Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to identify the key pathways of Spatholobi Caulis. Finally, Autodock Vina software and PyMol 2.5 software were used for molecular docking verification. There were 24 active components of Spatholobi Caulis and 244 target genes, 1635 disease-related target genes, 51 common target genes of Spatholobi Caulis and Hand-foot skin reaction, and key targets included NTRK1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), APP, TP53, HSP90AB1, HSP90AA, CUL3, etc. GO functional analysis involved a total of 66 molecular functions, 39 cellular components, and 817 biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis found 154 related signaling pathways, mainly enriched in Pathways in cancer, Human cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi arcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, panic cancer, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, P13K-Akt signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, HIF-1 signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that luteolin, the active component of Spatholobi Caulis, had a high affinity with EGFR. Medicagol, the active components of Spatholobi Caulis, is proved in the Hand-foot skin reaction induced by lung cancer targeted therapy by regulating multiple signaling pathways through EGFR. It is confirmed that the treatment of Hand-foot skin reaction has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway regulation.

Distributed generation planning method for active distribution network based on frog leaping algorithm

Distributed generation planning method for active distribution network based on frog leaping algorithm

Data-Driven Volt-VAR Coordinated Scheduling With Mobile Energy Storage System for Active Distribution Network

Data-Driven Volt-VAR Coordinated Scheduling With Mobile Energy Storage System for Active Distribution Network

Coordinated Frequency Regulation of Active Distribution Networks Considering Dimension-Augmented Power Flow Constraints

Coordinated Frequency Regulation of Active Distribution Networks Considering Dimension-Augmented Power Flow Constraints

Interpretable machine learning for identifying overweight and obesity risk factors of older adults in China.

To estimate the importance of risk factors on overweight/obesity among older adults by comparing different predictive model. Survey data from 400 older individuals in China was employed to assess the impacts of four domains of risk factors (demographic, health status, physical activity and neighborhood environment) on overweight/obesity. Six machine learning algorithms were utilized for prediction, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was employed for model interpretation. The CatBoost model demonstrated the highest performance among the prediction models for overweight/obesity. Gender, transportation-related physical activity and road network density were top three important features. Other significant factors included falls, cardiovascular conditions, distance to the nearest bus stop and land use mixture. Insufficient physical activity, denser road network and incidents of falls increased the likelihood of older adults being overweight/obese. Strategies for preventing overweight/obesity should target transportation-related physical activity, neighborhood environments, and fall prevention specifically.

Probabilistic Feasible Region Characterization of Active Distribution Networks Driven by Data-Model Fusion

Probabilistic Feasible Region Characterization of Active Distribution Networks Driven by Data-Model Fusion

Integrating the strategic response of parking lots in active distribution networks: An equilibrium approach

Integrating the strategic response of parking lots in active distribution networks: An equilibrium approach

Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Computation of Collaborative Operational Decisions Among Microgrids in an Active Distribution Network

Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Computation of Collaborative Operational Decisions Among Microgrids in an Active Distribution Network

Capacity optimisation configuration of active distribution network under distributed photovoltaic access

Capacity optimisation configuration of active distribution network under distributed photovoltaic access

Evaluating hosting capacity of an active low voltage distribution network with stochastic approach

Evaluating hosting capacity of an active low voltage distribution network with stochastic approach

Emergency control of energy storage system to improve multi-timescale frequency stability in active distribution networks

Emergency control of energy storage system to improve multi-timescale frequency stability in active distribution networks

Collaborative Cloud-Controlled Defense Mechanism for Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch in Active Distribution Networks Under Interlayer Attack

Collaborative Cloud-Controlled Defense Mechanism for Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch in Active Distribution Networks Under Interlayer Attack

An electricity price optimization model considering time-of-use and active distribution network efficiency improvements

An electricity price optimization model considering time-of-use and active distribution network efficiency improvements

NIE networks low voltage optimisation through active network management

NIE networks low voltage optimisation through active network management

Increasing DER hosting capacity in Öland, Sweden, via active network management (ANM)

Increasing DER hosting capacity in Öland, Sweden, via active network management (ANM)