Activity Index Research Articles

Tofacitinib Safety and Effectiveness in Canadian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Cardiovascular Risk Enrichment: Subanalysis of the CANTORAL Study.

ORAL Surveillance, a post-authorisation safety study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) enriched for cardiovascular (CV) risk, demonstrated increased risk of major adverse CV events (MACE) and malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) for tofacitinib versus tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). This analysis of a real-world Canadian observational study evaluated tofacitinib safety/effectiveness in patients meeting or not meeting CV risk criteria. CANTORAL included patients with moderate-to-severe RA initiating tofacitinib (10/2017-07/2020; N = 504). Interim data (data-cut: 07/2021) were stratified as CV risk-enriched (CV+ ; patients ≥ 50 years with ≥ 1 additional CV risk factor) or not CV risk-enriched (CV-; ≥ 50years without additional CV risk factors and 18-49 years with/without CV risk factors). Safety and persistence were evaluated to month (M) 36. Effectiveness outcomes to M18 included Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)-defined low disease activity (LDA)/remission (CANTORAL co-primary endpoints) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, C-reactive protein (DAS28-4[CRP]) < 3.2/ < 2.6. Overall, 272/232 patients were included in CV+ /CV- cohorts (full analysis set) (435/356 patient-years [safety analysis set]). Incidence rates (events/100 patient-years) in CV+ /CV- cohorts were 138.5/112.5 for treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs); 17.0/5.6for serious AEs; 1.2/0.3for deaths; 5.5/1.7 for serious infections; 1.4/1.1 for herpes zoster; 1.6/0.0for MACE; 2.1/0.3for malignancies (excluding NMSC); 0.7/0.6 for NMSC; 0.5/0.0 for venous thromboembolic events. Persistence was generally comparable between cohorts. In CV+ /CV- cohorts, at M6, CDAI LDA and remission rates were 51.5%/54.6% and 12.0%/19.6%; DAS28-4(CRP) < 3.2/ < 2.6 rates were 44.0%/39.3% and 31.5%/28.8%, respectively; effectiveness was generally maintained to M18. In concordance with studies of background risk, AEs were more common in patients with CV risk enrichment, particularly those aged ≥ 65 years. Tofacitinib effectiveness/persistence were generally similar regardless of CV risk enrichment. These findings support individualised treatment benefit-risk assessment, including CV assessment/management, to optimise RA outcomes.

FoxO1 Deficiency in M-MDSCs Exacerbates B Cell Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in part due to promoting the survival of plasma cells. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) expression in monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) exhibits a negative correlation with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that M-MDSCs specific FoxO1 deficiency enhances aberrant B cell function in aggressive SLE. We used GEO datasets and clinical cohorts to verify the FoxO1 expression and circulating M-MDSCs clinical significance. Using Cre-LoxP technology, we generated myeloid FoxO1 deficiency mice (mFoxO1-/-) to establish murine lupus-prone models. The transcriptional stage was assessed by integrating ChIP-seq with transcriptomic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing and CRISPR-dCas9 were used to identify m6A modification. In vitro B cell co-culture experiments, Capmatinib intragastric administration, m6A-modulated MDSCs adoptive transfer, and SLE patient sample validation were performed to determine the role of FoxO1 on M-MDSCs dysregulation during B cell autoreacted with SLE. We present evidence that low FoxO1 is predominantly expressed in M-MDSCs in both SLE patients and lupus mice, and mice with myeloid FoxO1 deficiency (mFoxO1-/-) are more prone to B cell dysfunction. Mechanically, FoxO1 inhibits Met transcription by binding to the promoter region. M-MDSCs FoxO1 deficiency blocks the Met/COX2/PGE2 secretion pathway, promoting B cell proliferation and hyperactivation. Met antagonist Capmatinib effectively mitigates lupus exacerbation. Furthermore, ALKBH5 targeting catalyzes m6A modification on FoxO1 mRNA in CDS and 3'-UTR regions. Upregulation of FoxO1 mediated by ALKBH5 overexpression in M-MDSCs improves lupus progression. Finally, these correlations were confirmed in untreated SLE patients. Our findings indicate that effective inhibition of B cells mediated by ALKBH5/FoxO1/Met axis in M-MDSCs could offer a novel therapeutic approach to manage SLE.

Correlation between fall experience and life functions among community-dwelling older adults in Japan

PurposeThis study investigated the correlation between the risk of falls and life functions, including motor function, cognitive function, and urinary disorders, among older adults residing in small cities in the metropolitan areas of Japan and evaluated the contents of fall prevention instructions. MethodsSixty-nine older adults residing at home participated in this case-control study conducted between September and October 2019. The survey items included questions pertaining to the history of falls; grip strength; the 30-s Chair Stand Test (CS-30), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) scores; mental and cognitive functions [Test Your Memory-Japanese version test (TYM-J)]; living conditions; and urination status [Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS)]. ResultsParticipants with a history of falls had significantly lower CS-30 and FRT scores, and significantly higher TUG scores and CLSS than those with no history of falls. Grip strength bore significant correlations with the CS-30 and TUG scores. The CS-30 scores were correlated with the FRT and TUG scores. The FRT scores were correlated with the TUG and French State Activity Index (FAI) scores. The TUG scores were correlated with the TYM-J and FAI scores. The CLSS showed no significant correlations with the remaining items. The FRT scores and CLSS exerted a significant effect on the risk of experiencing falls. ConclusionBoth balancing ability and micturition status affect fall risk and should be considered in treatment strategies for urinary disorders in fall prevention programs for older adults.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus 1.0320 Postbiotics Ameliorate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colonic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota.

Probiotics are increasingly being used as an adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis. However, some safety issues have been found in the clinical use of probiotics. Postbiotics have attracted much attention due to their storage stability, safety, and potential functions, but the dose required to exert a significant protective effect is unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential mechanisms of different doses (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 1.0320 postbiotics (1.0320P) in alleviating dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The study revealed that 1.0320P could mitigate DSS-induced colitis with signs of reductions in the disease activity index, amelioration of colon tissue damage, decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, reduced oxidative stress levels, and lower bone marrow peroxidase activity. Furthermore, high dose of 1.0320P could upregulated the expression of key proteins in the Nrf2/ARE pathway (NQO1, Nrf2, and HO-1) and downregulated the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65). In addition, high dose of 1.0320P could upregulate the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, contributing to the restoration of the intestinal mucosal barrier function. Additionally, 1.0320P was found to effectively correct imbalances in the intestinal microbiota and enhance the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), thereby regulating homeostasis in the intestinal internal environment. Overall, our findings suggest that postbiotics could ameliorate colonic inflammation while being somewhat dose-dependent. This study provides new insights into postbiotics as a next-generation biotherapeutic agent for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and even other diseases.

Classical proinflammatory cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: immunologic and clinical relationships

Relevance. Activation of innate and acquired immunity, accompanied by increased production of classical (interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (INF-γ)) proinflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid and blood serum, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Objective. To determine the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and INF-γ in RA patients in the advanced stage of the disease, to evaluate the relationship between them, clinical indices of disease activity, the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP).Material and methods. We examined 154 patients with RA (41 men and 113) who were middle-aged (56.0 (50.0; 64.0) years), disease duration (9.4 (3.0; 13.0) years), seropositive 129 (83.8 %) for IgM RF and/or 106 (68.8 %) ACCP with moderate to high (DAS28-ESR — 5.40 (4.65; 6.00)) disease activity. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and INF-γ in serum determined by multiplex technology.Results. The concentration of IL-1β was not significantly different between patients with RA and controls. The values of IL-6 and INF-γ were significantly higher, and TNF-α — significantly lower than in donors. IL-6 hyperproduction was detected most frequently (51.6 %), whereas elevated levels of INF-γ (38.96 %), IL-1β (26.62 %) and TNF-α (23.38 %) were less common. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of all cytokines and their high levels. The strongest correlations were characteristic for IL-1β, TNF-α and INF-γ. No statistically significant differences in cytokine levels were observed between patients with RA who were positive or negative for IgM-RF and ACCP. The concentration of IL-6 alone significantly positively correlated with the values of the indices (DAS28-ESR, CDAI, SDAI) of RA clinical activity (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions. There are differences in the levels and frequencies of proinflammatory cytokines among patients with advanced-stage RA. In the presence of a close relationship between them, there are certain differences in their associations with clinical and laboratory indicators of disease activity.

Effects of Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior on the Musculoskeletal System in Young Adults

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults aged 18-35 and to evaluate the effects of this relationship on musculoskeletal pain, posture, muscle shortness, and trunk muscle endurance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between March 2018 and August 2018, 219 students were included. Data were obtained by using the case report form which determines the demographic characteristics and sedentary behavior of the students, The International Physical Activity Index - short form, posture analysis form, muscle shortness evaluation form, and trunk muscle endurance evaluation form. Results: In the study, 66.2% of patients were female and 33.8% were male. In the evaluation of physical activity level, the ratio of highly active individuals in males, and inactive and insufficiently active individuals in females was significantly higher (p &amp;lt;0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in inactive and insufficiently active individuals (p&amp;lt;0.001). A negative correlation existed between physical activity level and pain frequency, duration, and scores (p&amp;lt;0.001). There was a positive correlation between trunk endurance tests and physical activity and exercise participation. Non-exercisers showed shortening of lumbar extensor muscles and gastrosoleus, with increased thoracic kyphosis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Daily sitting time correlated positively with elbow, wrist, and knee pain, and lumbar lordosis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Those spending more time at the computer experienced higher levels of head-neck and elbow pain, pain duration, muscle shortness, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and anterior head tilt (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: In young adults, increasing physical activity and reducing daily sitting time are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal pain and reduce postural deformities. Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult.

Headaches in SLE patients: a cross-sectional analysis of clinical, immunological, and Radiological Correlations.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations, including a significant prevalence of headaches. This cross-sectional study aimed to thoroughly explore the relationship between SLE and headaches by analysing their prevalence, types, and associated clinical, immunological, and radiological factors. A comparative analysis was conducted on 179 SLE patients, who were categorized into two groups: those with headaches and those without. Data collection encompassed demographic details, disease activity levels, neurological assessments, immunological profiles, and brain imaging results. Headaches were diagnosed and classified following the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Disease activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations and correlations. Headaches were observed in 55% of the SLE patients, predominantly presenting as tension-type headaches (65%) and migraines (27%). Notably, no patients met the criteria for a lupus-specific headache. The Headache Group exhibited significantly higher disease activity (SLEDAI scores). Tension-type and migraine headaches were particularly associated with increased muco-cutaneous manifestations. The presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies was significantly linked to migraines and cluster headaches. While neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke and venous sinus thrombosis were more prevalent in the Headache Group, these findings were not statistically significant. Brain MRI abnormalities were detected in 9.4% of patients with headaches, including venous sinus thrombosis (2.3%), ischemic stroke (5.8%), and white matter hyperintensities (1.1%). This study underscore es the complex relationship between SLE and headaches, suggesting that headaches may serve as an indicator of heightened SLE disease activity. Immunological factors, particularly aPL antibodies, show a strong association with specific headache types. MRI abnormalities further emphasize the intricate neurobiological aspects in SLE patients experiencing headaches. Continued research is essential to better understand biomarkers, genetic factors, and effective treatment strategies for managing headaches in SLE patients.

Characterization of potential salivary biomarkers in Behçet's disease.

Diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) has always been a challenging task due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disease, while available literature on BD biomarkers is largely inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of a panel of salivary biomarkers in a group of BD patients and test their association with BD. The study population comprised 23 BD patients (12 females and 11 males) and a control group of age and gender-matched healthy individuals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to test the expression of 5 salivary proteins including: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), endothelin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transferrin (TrF). BD activity was evaluated using the International Society for Behçet's disease (ISBD) current activity form. Salivary endothelin, EGF and VEGF were significantly higher in the BD group compared to controls (16.3 Vs. 7.7pg/ml, 194.5 Vs. 163.4pg/ml and 262 Vs. 150.2pg/ml, p<0.05, respectively) whereas TrF was significantly lower in BD group compared to controls (497 Vs. 2206pg/ml, p<0.001). The correlation analysis showed a trend of a positive linear association between endothelin expression and both BD activity (r=0.41) and BD activity index score (r=0.4), without reaching statistical significance (p>0.05). In conclusion, salivary TrF, endothelin, VEGF and EGF may represent potential biomarkers for BD. These findings require further validation in larger samples and different activity states of BD.

Comparison of Disease Severity in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis by DAS28-ESR and Clinical Disease Activity Index

Objective: To compare disease severity in established rheumatoid arthritis by Disease Activity Score-28 for Rheumatoid Arthritis with Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and Clinical Disease Activity Index. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rheumatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2021 to Feb 2022. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with active Rheumatoid Arthritis were clinically evaluated in detail by consultant rheumatologist. Disease activity and severity was assessed by using DAS-28 and Clinical Disease Activity Index. Association of disease severity on DAS-28 was established with severity on Clinical Disease Activity Index and other socio-demographic factors. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 35.81±8.45 years. In our sample, 303(75.75%) patients were female while 97(24.25%) were male. As per DAS-28 scoring, 175(43.75%) had mild, 142(35.5%) had moderate while 83(20.75%) had severe Rheumatoid Arthritis while as per Clinical Disease Activity Index scoring, 176(44%) had mild, 145(36.25%) had moderate while 79(19.75%) had severe Rheumatoid Arthritis. Disease severity on DAS-28 was strongly associated with disease severity on Clinical Disease Activity Index (p-value &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Severity of illness with DAS28-ESR had significant association with severity on Clinical Disease Activity Index, thus, both scales can be used interchangeably depending upon choice of clinician and availability of resources.

Impact of Fibromyalgia on Disease activity in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Cohort Study Conducted at Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with inflammatory arthritis and to evaluate the impact of fibromyalgia treatment on disease activity in these patients. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Rheumatology Division, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Apr to Dec 2021. Methodology: A total of 400 patients were enrolled in the study of which 320 were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 55 with ankylosing spondylitis and 25 with psoriatic arthritis. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was made with 2016 American College of Radiology Criteria and patients were classified according to the presence or absence of fibromyalgia. Disease Activity Score-28 for Rheumatoid Arthritis with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score-28 were recorded for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. Patients of fibromyalgia were treated by either pregabalin or duloxetine with 3-month follow-up. Patients with Widespread Pain Index &lt;7 and Symptoms Severity Scale &lt;5 after treatment for 3 months were labeled as responders. Results: Fibromyalgia was present in 90(28.1%) patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, 14(25.5%) with ankylosing spondylitis and 8(32%) with Psoriatic arthritis. Fibromyalgia was more common in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients whose disease duration exceeded 5 years (p-value &lt;0.001). Similarly, obesity significantly contributed to Fibromyalgia development in Rheumatoid Arthritis (p-value &lt;0.001) but not in Ankylosing spondylitis and Psoriatic arthritis patients. Disease duration &gt;5 years, obesity, female gender and rising age increased the odds of developing Fibromyalgia in ... Conclusion: Patients with concomitant Fibromyalgia presented higher

Probiotic and Rice-Derived Compound Combination Mitigates Colitis Severity

Background: This study investigated the ability of Enterococcus lactis (E. lactis) and Hasawi rice protein lysate (HPL) to suppress colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in miceColitis is characterized by inflammation of the colon, and exploring potential therapeutic agents could lead to improved management strategies. Methods: Male mice were subjected to DSS treatment to induce colitis, followed by supplementation with E. lactis and/or HPL. The study assessed various parameters, including disease activity index (DAI) scores, gut permeability measured using FITC-dextran, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in excised colon tissues from both treated and untreated control groups. Results: E. lactis supplementation significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by improved DAI scores and enhanced gut permeability. Notably, E. lactis combined with HPL (0.1 mg/108) exhibited superior tolerance to a 0.5% pancreatin solution compared to E. lactis alone. Both E. lactis and the combination treatment significantly increased SOD activity (5.6 ± 0.23 SOD U/mg protein for E. lactis and 6.7 ± 0.23 SOD U/mg protein for the combination) relative to the Azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS group, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. Additionally, pro-inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in the group receiving both E. lactis and HPL compared to the E. lactis-only group. Levels of proteins associated with cell death, such as PCNA, PTEN, VEGF, COX-2, and STAT-3, were significantly decreased by 14.8% to 80% following E. lactis supplementation, with the combination treatment showing the most pronounced effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest E. lactis supplementation may be beneficial for colitis, with HPL potential to enhance its effectiveness.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) and its impact on Quality of Life (QoL) among Midlife Women in Accra, Ghana

Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a chronic, progressive, vulvovaginal, sexual, and lower urinary tract condition characterized by a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. It is a consequence of the hypoestrogenic state associated with reproductive aging and impacts the quality of life of affected women. Even though the condition mainly affects postmenopausal women, it is seen in many premenopausal women as well This study sought to determine the prevalence, associated factors and quality of life impact associated with GSM among midlife women reporting for cervical routine screening in a tertiary hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study of 400 women aged 40 to 60 years who had a routine cervical smear at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) from February 2022 to September 2022. GSM was defined by using three parameters: one symptom of GSM, one physical sign of vaginal atrophy and vaginal pH &gt; 5. Quality of life was determined using the Day-to Day Impact on Vaginal Aging (DIVA) Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess significant association and 95% confidence intervals calculated around the estimates generated. Results: The prevalence of GSM was 46.8%. The most common symptom and sign was vaginal dryness (57%) and vaginal pallor (85%) respectively. Age, frequency of sexual activity and anogenital index were significantly associated with GSM. Participants with GSM had higher mean DIVA scores as well as higher scores for the sexual dysfunction and self-perception domains. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of GSM significantly associated with increasing age, frequency of sexual activity and high anogenital index. As GSM negatively impacted the QoL of the women. It is important to screen and intervene early to improve QoL

Acceptable daily intake of aspartame aggravates enteritis pathology and systemic inflammation in colitis mouse model.

In this study, a dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis model in C57BL/6 mice was used to explore the effect of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of aspartame on inflammation in colonic tissues. The effects of aspartame on the inflammatory state of the colon in mice were comprehensively evaluated by comparing the body weight, colon length/colon length index, splenic index, disease activity index (DAI) score, histological activity index (HAI) score, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, claudin-3, and occludin, the infiltration characteristics of macrophage and neutrophil and the composition of the gut microbiota in the control group, aspartame group, ulcerative colitis model group, and aspartame + ulcerative colitis group. We demonstrated that, in a mouse model of dextran sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis, ADI of aspartame caused a significant decrease in body weight, colon length/colon length index, DAI scores, and expression levels of the proteins claudin-3 and occludin. Moreover, ADI of aspartame caused an increase in the splenic index, HAI scores, the levels of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 both in intestinal tissue and serum and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in colon tissues. These results showed that ADI of aspartame promoted intestinal pathology and systemic inflammation in a mouse model of colitis.

Evolution of nanotechnology policy initiatives in the BRICS countries: a comparative overview

The article provides a comparative review of the national nanotechnology initiatives in the largest emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - BRICS). It focuses on the influential role of state action, the evolution of the initiatives, institutional aspects, and a brief comparison of recent scientific production among the countries. Understanding the context of each country's nanotechnology STI policy is essential for comprehending the scope and the primary challenges faced in developing these programs and initiatives. The methodology involved rigorous bibliographical and documentary research, analysis of scientific production indicators, and the estimation of a nanotechnology Activity Index. The political and institutional complexity and socioeconomic adversities in emerging countries are challenging obstacles to promoting emerging technologies. Government perspectives and their role as technology inducers or fosterers significantly differ among countries, even when they are institutionally similar. Overall, the main nanotechnology initiatives in the BRICS countries have historically been led by the state, resulting in significant scientific advancements but limitations on the potential for innovation outcomes. Alongside institutional heterogeneity in the formulation and implementation strategies, geopolitics plays a crucial role in the initiatives' trajectory, especially in countries vying for international leadership against Western powers.

Novel Insights Into The Role Of Serum Interleukin-39 In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that has a genetic predisposition and a complex pathogenesis in which the involvement of various cytokines has been shown. In the current study, serum interleukin-39 (IL-39) levels from 99 patients with SLE and 33 healthy control subjects who attended the Baghdad Teaching Hospital Rheumatology Unit were examined. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to disease status: inactive (n = 33), active moderate (n = 33), and active severe (n = 33). This topic has not yet been explored, so the significance of IL-39 as a biomarker for SLE was evaluated. Cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Full medical histories, body mass index, gender, and clinical disease activity, the latter evaluated using the SLE disease activity index, were documented. Laboratory disease parameters, including anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3 and C4 levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein titres, were measured. The mean age of patients was 33.92 ± 0.91 years. The IL-39 level was higher in patients (13.70 ± 0.35 ng/l) than in controls (10.67 ± 0.19 ng/l, p &lt; 0.01). The mean of IL-39 levels was highest in patients with active severe SLE (17.42 ± 0.48 ng/l) and then became incrementally lower with reducing disease severity, i.e., active moderate, 13.34 ± 0.23 ng/l; inactive, 10.93 ± 0.24 ng/l. Serum IL-39 showed good validity for the diagnosis of SLE. With a cut-off value ≥ 10.25 ng/l and an area under the curve of 0.79, diagnostic sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity were 79.98%, 51.5%, and 71.97%, respectively. In conclusion, serum IL-39 levels were significantly higher in patients with SLE than in healthy controls and were correlated with disease activity. This interleukin may be useful in predicting disease severity.

АДГЕЗИВНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ К СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ ДЛЯ 3D ПЕЧАТИ И ВАКУУМНОЙ ФОРМОВКИ

Relevance: The adhesive activity of the oral microbiome to new generation materials is the subject of study by the global medical community, and the issue of choosing structural materials is still being discussed in the scientific community and is of a controversial nature. Objective: To study the adhesion of representatives of the oral microbiome to samples of modern dental materials under experimental conditions (in vitro). Materials and methods: Samples of photopolymer resins for 3D printing: Dental Crown LCD, Dental Sand A1-A2, Dental Clear Pro, (n=30), (1-3 groups), thermoforming plates for vacuum forming: EV Gasket Bleaching 080, Bioplast multicolor 3.0*123 mm, Bioplast color 3.0*125 mm (n=30), (groups 4-6); clinical isolates of the microbiome as test strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis, Neisseria subflava, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans (n=5). Research methods: experimental, microbiological, cultural, analytical and statistical. Results: The degree of adhesion of representatives of the oral microbiome to the studied structural materials is in the range from 0 to 4.91 (Ia) and depends on both the species composition of the microbiome and the physico-chemical properties of the materials. The high adhesion index for all microbiota groups was noted for vacuum forming materials (4.91), and the lowest was Dental Crown LCD (0), which makes it possible to recommend it for practical use. Conclusions: The choice of structural material should be made, including taking into account the adhesive activity of the oral microbiome in order to reduce the risk of complications. It is recommended to give preference to materials with a low adhesive activity index.

The role of fecal matrix metalloprotease-9 as a non-invasive marker in diagnosis and assessment of clinical activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including two prominent forms: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Determining diagnostic biomarkers for predicting disease activity and treatment response remains a challenging aspect.Aim of the workThe purpose of our research was to compare fecal CP and fecal MMP-9, two non-invasive biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to find out how fecal MMP-9 levels relate to disease activity by looking at how they relate to clinical, endoscopic, and histologic scores of disease activity.Patients and methodsThis study was performed on 80 subjects divided into 3 groups: group A: 30 patients with Crohn’s disease evidenced by endoscopy ileocolonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, and tissue biopsy (15 patients with active disease and 15 patients in remission). Group B: 30 patients with ulcerative colitis disease evidenced by colonoscopy and tissue biopsy (15 patients with active disease and 15 patients in remission). Group C: 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent a thorough history review, comprehensive physical examination, complete laboratory tests, and C-reactive protein measurements. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of fecal matrix metalloproteinase MMP 9 for both the patients and the controls. Ulcerative colitis was evaluated using the Mayo score, Montreal classification, and the Riley histological score. Additionally, Crohn’s disease was assessed with the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease, and the D’Haens histological score.ResultsComparing fecal MMP-9 with fecal calprotectin (FC), we found that fecal MMP-9 was superior to FC in differentiating active Crohn’s disease from inactive Crohn’s disease, although there was no significant difference between FC and MMP-9 (P-value = 0.561). However, in ulcerative colitis, FC was superior to MMP-9 in distinguishing active UC from inactive UC, but again, there was no significant difference between FC and MMP-9 (P-value = 0.0731).In both the ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease groups, fecal MMP-9 could discriminate between patients in remission and those with active disease. Fecal matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was discovered to be a significant marker for assessing the clinical activity of both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with an AUC of 0.998 for CD and 0.991 for UC. Fecal MMP-9 demonstrated great sensitivity (93.33%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.7% (with a P-value < 0.001) using cutoff values of > 0.34 ng/mL for CD and > 0.36 ng/mL for UC. There was a strong positive correlation between fecal MMP-9 and endoscopic and clinical scores of disease activity.ConclusionFecal MMP-9 has emerged as a promising biomarker for evaluating the clinical activity of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to fecal calprotectin in distinguishing active from inactive disease, especially in Crohn’s disease. Although fecal calprotectin outperformed MMP-9 in identifying active ulcerative colitis, the differences between the two markers were not statistically significant, suggesting that they may complement each other in clinical practice. Furthermore, fecal MMP-9 is capable of assessing the activity of endoscopically visible inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which could help reduce the need for invasive endoscopic procedures.

Combi-Elastography versus Transient Elastography for Assessing the Histological Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Combi-elastography is a B-mode ultrasound-based method in which two elastography modalities are utilized simultaneously to assess metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the performance of combi-elastography for diagnosing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and determining fibrosis severity is unclear. This study compared the diagnostic performances of combi-elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) for identifying hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and high-risk MASH. Participants who underwent combi-elastography, VCTE, and liver biopsy were selected from a prospective cohort of patients with clinically suspected MASLD. Combi-elastography-related parameters were acquired, and their performances were evaluated using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis. A total of 212 participants were included. The diagnostic performance for hepatic steatosis of the attenuation coefficient adjusted by covariates from combi-elastography was comparable to that of the controlled attenuation parameter measured by VCTE (AUROC, 0.85 vs 0.85; p=0.925). The performance of the combi-elastography-derived fibrosis index adjusted by covariates for diagnosing significant fibrosis was comparable to that of liver stiffness measured by VCTE (AUROC, 0.77 vs 0.80; p=0.573). The activity index from combi-elastography adjusted by covariates was equivalent to the FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase score in diagnosing high-risk MASH among participants with MASLD (AUROC, 0.72 vs 0.74; p=0.792). The performance of combi-elastography is similar to that of VCTE when evaluating histology of MASLD.

Enhancing impact of dietary nano formulated quercetin on laying performance: egg quality, oxidative stability of stored eggs, intestinal immune and antioxidants related genes expression

BackgroundNutritional interventions with natural antioxidants can provide a pragmatic solution for modifying hens’ performance and maintaining oxidative stability of eggs during storage. Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoids with potent antioxidant and immune stimulant activities. The concept of incorporating of quercetin, as potent antioxidant and immunostimulant, into effective nano-carriers (QNPs) has promoted their bioavailability and stability thus, their effectiveness for the first time were assessed on laying hens’ performance and immunity, eggs quality during storage. Four hundred 12-weeks-old Hy-line brown laying hens were distributed to four experimental groups: control group fed basal diets, and other 3 groups fed basal diets fortified with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg QNPs for 60 weeks.ResultsLaying performance and quality of laid eggs were improved as expressed by elevated laying rate, egg mass %, eggs weight and yolk weight in QNPs200 and 300. Fortification of QNPs300 remarkably decreased layers serum total cholesterol concurrently with decreased egg yolk saturated fatty acids and cholesterol while increased polyunsaturated fatty acids. Over- 45 days storage period, QNPs enhanced phospholipids, total phenolics and flavonoids, total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) simultaneous with decreased MDA content in eggs. Furthermore, enhanced immune response was detected in both in serum and intestine of QNPs fed hens as reflected by higher lysozymes activity, IgM, IgG and phagocytic index and demotion of NO together with AvBD 6–12, IL-10, IgM and ATg 5-7-12 upregulation and downregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α especially at QNPs200 and 300. Intestinal redox balance was modified via decreasing H2O2 and MDA simultaneous with upregulation of catalase, SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1 and NQO1 in groups fed higher doses of QNPs.ConclusionsQNPs supplementation provides a new nutritional strategy towards increasing hen performance, fortification of eggs with natural antioxidants that prevents egg quality deterioration during storage.

The association between low carbohydrate dietary score (LCDS) and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS)

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and recent studies have highlighted the potential role of dietary carbohydrate indices in cardiovascular health. Given the controversial results in this field, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between low carbohydrate dietary score (LCDS) and CVD risk factors in a population of Iranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Shiraz Heart Study (SHS) including 1982 adults. The validated 168 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants’ dietary intakes. To investigate the association between LCDS and cardiometabolic risk factors, logistic regression, was conducted.ResultsDuring 5 years of follow-up, a total of 1982 adults, with a mean age of 53.07 ± 8.38 years, were included to the analysis. The adjusted model based on known confounding factors (age, sex, smoking, physical activity, energy intake and body mass index) revealed a significant decrease in a body shape index (ABSI) (OR = 0.70, 95% CI= (0.50 to 0.98), P = 0.038) comparing highest LCDS tertile vs. the reference. In contrast, risk of hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were not significantly associated with LCDS.ConclusionCurrent findings suggest that adherence to a low carbohydrate diet reduces ABSI, a main indicator of central obesity.