Active Debate Research Articles

Nontrivial Impact of Relative Humidity on Organic New Particle Formation from Ozonolysis of cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate

The impact of relative humidity (RH) on organic new particle formation (NPF) from the ozonolysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) remains an area of active debate. Previous reports provide contradictory results, indicating both the depression and enhancement of NPF under conditions of high RH. Herein, we report on the impact of RH on NPF from the dark ozonolysis of cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA), a green-leaf volatile (GLV) emitted by vegetation. We show that RH inhibits NPF by this BVOC, essentially shutting it down at RH levels > 1%. While the mechanism for the inhibition of NPF remains unclear, we demonstrate that it is likely not due to increased losses of CHA to the humid chamber walls. New oxidation products dominant under humid conditions are proposed that, based on estimated vapor pressures (VPs), should enhance NPF; however, it is possible that the vapor phase concentration of these low-volatility products is not sufficient to initiate NPF. Furthermore, the reaction of C3-excited state Criegee intermediates (CIs) with water may lead to the formation of small carboxylic acids that do not contribute to NPF. This hypothesis is supported by experiments with quaternary O3 + CHA + α-pinene + RH systems, which showed decreases in total α-pinene-derived NPF at ~0% RH and subsequent recovery at elevated RH.

Ketogenic Diet and Breast Cancer: Recent Findings and Therapeutic Approaches.

Breast cancer (BC), a complex disease with several influencing factors, is significantly impacted by dietary habits. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate intake, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic approach, but its effects on BC remain unclear. This review seeks to summarize the current knowledge on the principles of the KD, its metabolic influence on BC cells, and the findings of recent clinical trials, in order to elucidate the potential therapeutic role of the KD in BC management. For these purposes, a comprehensive literature review was conducted selecting preclinical and clinical studies that investigate the relationship between the KD and BC. The selection criteria prioritized studies exploring the KD's metabolic effects on BC cells and current clinical trials involving the KD in BC management. The reviewed studies provide a diverse range of findings, with some suggesting potential benefits of the KD in inhibiting tumor growth and improving treatment response. However, robust clinical trials providing clear evidence of the KD's efficacy as a standalone therapeutic approach in BC are still lacking. There are also significant concerns regarding the safety and long-term effects of sustained ketosis in cancer patients. The therapeutic potential of the KD in BC remains an area of active research and debate. While preliminary findings are promising, definitive conclusions are hindered by inconsistent results and limited human trial data. Future research, specifically well-structured, large-scale clinical trials, is necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of the KD in BC treatment. Until then, caution should be exercised in its application, and patients should continue prioritizing evidence-based, standard-of-care treatments.

No link between handedness and spatial navigation: evidence from over 400 000 participants in 41 countries.

There is an active debate concerning the association of handedness and spatial ability. Past studies used small sample sizes. Determining the effect of handedness on spatial ability requires a large, cross-cultural sample of participants and a navigation task with real-world validity. Here, we overcome these challenges via the mobile app Sea Hero Quest. We analysed the navigation performance from 422 772 participants from 41 countries and found no reliable evidence for any difference in spatial ability between left- and right-handers across all countries. A small but growing gap in performance appears for participants over 64 years old, with left-handers outperforming right-handers. Further analysis, however, suggests that this gap is most likely due to selection bias. Overall, our study clarifies the factors associated with spatial ability and shows that left-handedness is not associated with either a benefit or a deficit in spatial ability.

The "Weight" of Territorial Issues: Evidence from Catalonia, Scotland, and Northern Ireland

Territorial debates complicate the politics of the affected regions, as parties decide whether to compete on a territorial dimension alongside other longstanding important issues. Yet, empirical evidence is scarce regarding how much voters politically weigh territorial issues against others. We theorize that in contexts when such issues are salient, they have a greater weight relative to others due to their identity-oriented nature. We present evidence from conjoint experiments from three European regions with active territorial debates: Catalonia, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. We find that territorial preferences matter more than others for candidate choice, as the reward (punishment) of congruent (incongruent) candidates is greater, and individuals are less willing to trade off on this issue. Our results have comparative implications for political competition in multidimensional spaces.

Does Monosodium Urate Crystal Vascular Deposition Exist? Review of the Evidence

Cardiovascular disease in gout is a central issue, but the underlying mechanisms linking the two are unclear. The existence of monosodium (MSU) crystal deposition directly inflaming vessel walls has been recurrently suggested and challenged since the 1950s and is again a matter of active debate since recent studies using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) suggested a higher prevalence of plaques considered to be containing MSU crystals in patients with gout. The objective of this review is to critically cover the evidence gathered on MSU crystal deposition in the cardiovascular system. In patients affected with gout, histological evidence of MSU crystals in arteries lacks a biochemical characterization supporting the observation in polarized light microscopy, while current knowledge on vascular lesions identified in DECT as containing MSU crystals suggests that they may be only artifacts, including in cadaveric and phantom studies. In individuals without gout, MSU crystal deposition in vessel walls have not been demonstrated, despite higher urate local plaque concentrations and increased xanthine oxidase activity. Gout is associated with increased arterial calcification and atherosclerosis, both being potential confounders of suspected MSU crystal deposition for the analysis of DECT scans and histopathology, respectively. In summary, the reality of the presence of MSU crystals in vascular plaques has not been demonstrated so far, and needs further investigation as it represents a potential outcome for cardiovascular complications of gout.

Auditory Processing Disorder: Protocols and Controversy.

This study examined current auditory processing disorder (APD) protocols and audiologists' perspectives on the active debate seen in the literature regarding the status of APD as a unique disorder. This study used a cross-sectional, nonexperimental survey design. The participants were 134 U.S. audiologists, representing diversity across experience level and work setting. Popular APD tests from prior surveys remain popular, and a few new tests have emerged. Most audiologists use diverse strategies to identify potential comorbid disorders as part of their APD protocol, including multidisciplinary assessment and referral to other specialists. Most participants disagreed with the assertion that APD is not a unique disorder; however, many also pointed out that patients' struggles with listening need to be the primary focus of APD assessment and management, regardless of the label of the disorder. Qualitative analysis of participant comments on the controversy yielded six themes: Clinical Experience, Comorbidity, Listening Skills, Literature Support, Overdiagnosis, and More Information Needed. Most participants consider APD to be a unique disorder, citing clinical experience and the literature for support; however, many also indicated APD is complicated by comorbidity and APD may be overdiagnosed.

Association of cerebral metabolic rate following therapeutic hypothermia with 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard of care for moderate to severe neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) but many survivors still suffer lifelong disabilities and benefits of TH for mild HIE are under active debate. Development of objective diagnostics, with sensitivity to mild HIE, are needed to select, guide, and assess response to treatment. The objective of this study was to determine if cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) in the days after TH is associated with 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes as the first step in evaluating CMRO2's potential as a diagnostic for HIE. Secondary objectives were to compare associations with clinical exams and characterise the relationship between CMRO2 and temperature during TH. This was a prospective, multicentre, observational, cohort study of neonates clinically diagnosed with HIE and treated with TH recruited from the tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Boston Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between December 2015 and October 2019 with follow-up to 18 months. In total, 329 neonates ≥34 weeks gestational age admitted with perinatal asphyxia and suspected HIE were identified. 179 were approached, 103 enrolled, 73 received TH, and 64 were included. CMRO2 was measured at the NICU bedside by frequency-domain near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopies (FDNIRS-DCS) during the late phases of hypothermia (C), rewarming (RW) and after return to normothermia (NT). Additional variables were body temperature and clinical neonatal encephalopathy (NE) scores, as well as findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Primary outcome was the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) at 18 months, normed (SD) to 100 (15). Data quality for 58 neonates was sufficient for analysis. CMRO2 changed by 14.4% per °C (95% CI, 14.2-14.6) relative to its baseline at NT while cerebral tissue oxygen extraction fraction (cFTOE) changed by only 2.2% per °C (95% CI, 2.1-2.4) for net changes from C to NT of 91% and 8%, respectively. Follow-up data for 2 were incomplete, 33 declined and 1 died, leaving 22 participants (mean [SD] postnatal age, 19.1 [1.2] month; 11 female) with mild to moderate HIE (median [IQR] NE score, 4 [3-6]) and 21 (95%) with BSID-III scores >85at 18 months. CMRO2 at NT was positively associated with cognitive and motor composite scores (β (SE)=4.49 (1.55) and 2.77 (1.00) BSID-III points per 10-10moL/dl×mm2/s, P=0.009 and P=0.01 respectively; linear regression); none of the other measures were associated with the neurodevelopmental outcomes. Point of care measures of CMRO2 in the NICU during C and RW showed dramatic changes and potential to assess individual response to TH. CMRO2 following TH outperformed conventional clinical evaluations (NE score, cFTOE, and MRI/MRS) at predicting cognitive and motor outcomes at 18 months for mild to moderate HIE, providing a promising objective, physiologically-based diagnostic for HIE. This clinical study was funded by an NIH grant from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States (R01HD076258).

Pembelajaran Inovatif Aswaja An-Nahdliyah dalam Mengasah Pemahaman dan Amaliyah Aqidah Asy’ariyah

This article aims to describe how Aswaja an-Nahdliyah teachers implement innovative learning methods, teaching materials and learning media in order to hone understanding and amaliyah aqidah Asy'ariyah students at MTs Salafiyah Siman Lamongan with the aim that the learning atmosphere is not monotonous, boring and makes students saturated, but on the contrary, students are actively creative and can achieve learning goals. This research is a case study qualitative research conducted at MTs Salafiyah Siman Lamongan, research data will be obtained from principal informants, Aswaja teachers and students. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation, then data analysis techniques using domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis. While the data validity technique is by extending presence and triangulation. The results showed that the innovative learning implemented by the Aswaja an-Nahdiyah teacher was by using a combination of the lecture method and the integration of aqidah with mathematics, the analytical method, the inquiry method and the active debate method. The teaching material is from the NU book Aswaja published by LP. Ma'arif NU East Java which was developed using classic Islamic boarding school books and trusted online NU sites, with LED TV learning media, projectors, YouTube social media, origami paper, and markers.

Integrating industry developed courseware in IT scripting courses

AbstractThe alignment of higher education with the skill needs of employers and industry at large is a topic of active debate, particularly for engineering education. Formal and informal content developed by companies, technology‐specific associations, consulting firms, and individuals forms a body of knowledge that might fast‐track careers toward very specific opportunities. By contrast, academic courseware is known for its pedagogical rigor while being slow to adapt to the fast‐paced changes in technology, particularly information technologies, and reliance on expensive course materials that burden students. This paper explores the drivers for integrating industry‐developed courseware in an existing, higher‐ed course on Scripting for Information Technology in the Department of Technology Systems at East Carolina University and the implications of such integration. We hypothesize that industry courseware is a streamlined, cost‐effective way to provide students with the knowledge they need in the workforce. Students were exposed to the two types of content and their scholarly performance was analyzed. Student perception of the two types of content was assessed through a postclass survey. The student results and the feedback they provided suggest that a hybrid approach is more suitable to address the learning preferences and predispositions of students. This case study concludes that textbook and industry‐generated content can be integrated into existing courses and improving them in terms student outcomes and in terms of alignment with industry's hiring expectations.

Transverse versus vertical incision approach in elective ventral hernia repair - A comparative study

Background: Ventral hernias are commonly associated with not infrequent complications and significant recurrence rates, often resulting in future procedures. The relative merits and disadvantages of vertical versus transverse incisions remain subjects of active debate. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to compare the relative merits, demerits, and outcomes between patients of ventral hernia who have undergone open mesh repair through a transverse incision and a vertical incision. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients were admitted to Government Rajaji Hospital for ventral hernia repair and those satisfying the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, A and B, 50 each. In group A, open mesh repair was done through a transverse incision; in group B, open mesh repair was done via a vertical incision. The study compared the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, pain, and mean hospital stay. Results: On comparing the groups, it has been seen that the incidence of significant pain (taken as a visual analog scale score of 3.5 or more) was 16% in group A (transverse incision) compared to 34% in group B (vertical incision), which is statistically significant. The incidence of SSI, flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, and mean hospital stay were more or less the same and statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The group in which a transverse incision was used for ventral hernia repair showed significantly less post-operative pain than the group in which a vertical incision was used. Hence, the use of transverse incision in elective open mesh repair for ventral hernias should be considered.

Penerapan Metode Aktif Debat dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Konsep Zat

This research was motivated by the lack of Physics teachers in applying learning methods that are in accordance with the characteristics of students and the material to be taught so that it affects the quality of learning and learning outcomes in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to apply the active method of debate in improving student learning outcomes on the concept material of class VII substances of Wailua State Junior High School. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research which consists of four stages, namely action planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection with 28 subjects. Data collection techniques are by making observations and tests. Observation is carried out by an observer to observe teacher and student learning activities and tests are used to determine student learning outcomes after participating in learning activities with the application of active debate methods. The results of data analysis found that the average score of students increased, namely in the initial test obtained an average score of 47.14 with a completion percentage of 35.71%, increased in cycle I to 67.14 with a completion percentage of 67.85% and increased significantly in cycle II to 86.07 with a completeness percentage of 96.42%.

Penerapan Metode Aktif Debat dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Konsep Zat

This research was motivated by the lack of Physics teachers in applying learning methods that are in accordance with the characteristics of students and the material to be taught so that it affects the quality of learning and learning outcomes in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to apply the active method of debate in improving student learning outcomes on the concept material of class VII substances of Wailua State Junior High School. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research which consists of four stages, namely action planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection with 28 subjects. Data collection techniques are by making observations and tests. Observation is carried out by an observer to observe teacher and student learning activities and tests are used to determine student learning outcomes after participating in learning activities with the application of active debate methods. The results of data analysis found that the average score of students increased, namely in the initial test obtained an average score of 47.14 with a completion percentage of 35.71%, increased in cycle I to 67.14 with a completion percentage of 67.85% and increased significantly in cycle II to 86.07 with a completeness percentage of 96.42%.

Effectiveness of anti-inflation policy that ensures economic growth: Evidence from post-Soviet countries

There are active debates on the scale of inflation-economic growth causality in the short- and long-term perspectives and factors affecting the correlation and effectiveness of anti-inflationary measures depending on initial economic conditions. These scientific debates result in controversial results. This study aims to explore short- and long-run relationships in the inflation-economic growth chain of 12 post-Soviet countries (Azerbaijan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia) to determine the most effective system of anti-inflationary policy. The paper employed statistical analysis and trend line extrapolation (analysis of inflationary trends in 2000–2021 and forecast for 2022–2024), pooled mean group of the autoregressive distributed lag model in the Stata 14.2/SE software (identification of the short and long-run coefficients characterizing relationships between inflation and economic growth), and ordinary least squares regression (country-specific modeling results). Statistical analysis showed that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia have the most effective anti-inflationary policy; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Moldova demonstrate moderate effectiveness, and the other countries have low effectiveness. It is also established that in the long run, a 1% increase in inflation results in a 0.195% decrease in GDP growth with a 99% confidence probability, while in the short run, this causal relationship is insignificant. Country-specific modeling results revealed that within 12 post-Soviet countries, economic growth in Kazakhstan, Lithuania, and Ukraine in a short-term perspective depends on inflation dynamics. According to the modeling results, Lithuania has the most effective anti-inflationary policy to ensure sustainable economic growth.

Probability vs. Nonprobability Sampling: From the Birth of Survey Sampling to the Present Day

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was an active debate about random selection of units versus purposive selection of groups of units for survey samples. Neyman’s (1934) paper tilted the balance strongly towards varieties of probability sampling combined with design-based inference, and most national statistical offices have adopted this method for their major surveys. However, nonprobability sampling has remained in widespread use in many areas of application, and over time there have been challenges to the Neyman paradigm. In recent years, the balance has tilted towards greater use of nonprobability sampling for several reasons, including: the growing imperfections and costs in applying probability sample designs; the emergence of the internet and other sources for obtaining survey data from very large samples at low cost and at high speed; and the current ability to apply advanced methods for calibrating nonprobability samples to conform to external population controls. This paper presents an overview of the history of the use of probability and nonprobability sampling from the birth of survey sampling at the time of A. N. Kiær (1895) to the present day.

ID: 205145 Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain Secondary to Dercum's Disease: A Case Report

Dercum’s Disease (DD) is a rare chronic pain syndrome in which patients experience significant pain associated with subcutaneous lipomatous tissue deposits, among other symptoms. The etiology and management of DD continue to be an area of active research and debate. Currently, there is little consensus on effective management, often resulting in chronically high dose opiate use as the pain is often refractory to standard pain management strategies. Of note, the pain of DD is considered likely nociceptive but may have a neuropathic component when compression of peripheral nerves by subcutaneous nodules is present.

Frontline Management of Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent only 10%-15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma but encompass a diverse group of diseases with over 30 different subtypes. As a result of both disease heterogeneity and rarity, therapeutic progress of PTCLs has lagged behind B-cell lymphomas with very few randomized controlled studies to guide management. The most common subtypes are the so-called nodal PTCLs: PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and nodal T follicular helper cell lymphoma (TFHL) lymphoma, the latter of which includes angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Anthracycline-based primary chemotherapy is still the mainstay of treatment for these common PTCL subtypes, but in recent years, we have moved into an era where more personalized therapy can be applied in some settings. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone, and brentuximab vedotin CHP-BV is the first therapy in PTCL to show an overall survival benefit and represents a new standard for ALCL; however, there is less therapeutic certainty in other CD30-positive PTCLs. Recurrent mutations of epigenetic modifier genes typify TFHLs lymphomas, and collective studies demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to epigenetic therapies, leading to trials integrating these agents in the frontline setting. Molecular studies of PTCL-NOS have defined at least two subtypes, GATA3 and TBX21, the former having a poorer prognosis, but how this guides therapeutics remains unknown. Outside of ALCL, there is a growing debate as to whether trials should focus on adding a novel agent to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or whether combination novel therapies should be explored in the frontline therapy setting. Finally, the role of consolidative autologous stem-cell transplant in first remission remains an area of active debate.

Стратегия принятия предложения в политическом дискурсе

This study reviewed several previous studies related to political discourse, and among them, special attention was paid to the research of N. Fairclough and I. Fairclough. It has been argued that the acceptance strategy discourse has a distinctive argument structure as opposed to the general argument discourse. Putin's speech to the Russian Parliament was analyzed. In Putin's speech, it was found that in the discourse of acceptance strategy, the utterance motive, the proposition premise, and the proposition premise considerations can function as categories of arguments. Putin elaborated on the content of the proposal and at the same time suggested that the proposal was a practical and broad issue, stating that there was such a public opinion among citizens; however, Putin's speech emphasized that it is inappropriate to exclude the presidential term from the constitution without expressing his intention to accept the proposal directly; however, he expressed his opinion on the argument that would allow the incumbent to run for the next presidential election. He presented 1) substantive premises that the current Russian constitutional system is weak and there is an active debate about the presidential system; 2) the value premise that the amendment bill would strengthen our sovereignty, traditions and values; 3) alternatives that the parliamentary cabinet system not suitable for the current stage. This series of structures of argumentation has been seen to emphasize that Tereshkova's proposal is significant. In this study, a discourse strategy that reinforces the validity of a proposal without explicitly making a claim was named unrevealed statements. This strategy was considered to have the advantage of maximizing the effect of the utterance, providing only a persuasive argument without compromising the speaker's image in any way.

Temperature and Climatic Seasonality Affecting C3 Versus C4 Plants Since the Last Deglacial on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

AbstractThe climate reconstruction of the Tibetan Plateau, which was called the Third Pole Environment, has been a research hotspot in recent years. However, there are few studies on C3 and C4 plants evolution and it is an area of active debate on whether there are C4 plants existing on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the paleoclimate of the Hurleg Lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is reconstructed based on n‐alkane‐induced indicators, while the C4 plant evolution history is established by compound‐specific isotope of long‐chain n‐alkanes since 14.1 cal kyr BP. The response of C4 plant evolution history to climate change on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau demonstrated that C3 and C4 plants were sensitive to local and global climate change. Solar radiation in summer, insolation‐affected East Asian monsoon, and seasonal climate (including seasonal variation of the solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation) had significant effects on the long‐term growth of C4. On the other hand, factors such as temperature, precipitation, and other potential factors affected the detailed variation of C4 plants in a relatively short‐term. Our finding maintained the existence of C4 plants in the high‐altitude region and indicated that the abundance of C4 plants might increase significantly and the ecological pattern of vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau will change distinctly in the coming warmer climate conditions.

Do Investors Perceive the Link Between Equity Method Earnings and Future Earnings? The Role of Supplemental Disclosures

Equity method investments are commonly a material component of a firm's corporate structure, yet these investments are presented to financial statement users through opaque financial reporting. This study demonstrates that the link between equity method earnings and future earnings is stronger than the link between consolidated earnings and future earnings, consistent with the synergistic and diversification benefits of equity method investments. Next, this study demonstrates a limitation in the opaque reporting of equity method investments by revealing that the market fails to fully incorporate into prices the link between equity method earnings and future earnings. Further, this study contributes to the active debate among practitioners and regulators about the usefulness of supplemental disclosure requirements related to equity method investments. Results indicate that supplemental equity method investment disclosures aid the market in impounding the persistence of equity method earnings into share price.

Change in the Gut Microbiome and Immunity by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9.

With the exploding growth of the global market for probiotics and the rapid awakening of public awareness to manage health by probiotic intervention, there is still an active debate about whether the consumption of probiotics is beneficial for nonpatients, which is due to the lack of systematic analysis based on time series multiomics data sets. In this study, we recruited 100 adults from a college in China and performed a random case-control study by using a probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9) as an intervention for 6 weeks, aiming to achieve a comprehensive evaluation and understanding of the beneficial effect of Probio-M9 consumption. By testing advanced blood immunity indicators, sequencing the gut microbiome, and profiling the gut metabolome at baseline and the end of the study, we found that although the probiotic intervention has a limited impact on the human immunity and the gut microbiome and metabolome, the associations between the immunity indicators and multiomics data were strengthened, and further analysis of the gut microbiome's genetic variations revealed inhibited generation of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) by probiotic consumption. Taken together, our findings indicated an underestimated influence of the probiotic, not on altering the microbial composition but on strengthening the association between human immunity and commensal microbes and stabilizing the genetic variations of the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE Although the global market for probiotics is growing explosively, there is still an active debate about whether the consumption of probiotics is beneficial for nonpatients. In this study, we recruited 100 adults from a college in China and performed 6 weeks of intervention for half of the volunteers. By analyzing the time series multiomics data in this study, we found that the probiotic intervention (i) has a limited effect on human immunity or the global structure of the gut microbiome and metabolome, (ii) can largely influence the correlation of the development between multiomics data and immunity, which was not able to be discovered by conventional differential abundance analysis, and (iii) can inhibit the generation of SNVs in the gut microbiome instead of promoting it.