Active Constrained Layer Damping Patches Research Articles

Nonlinear active control of thermally induced pyro-coupled vibrations in porous-agglomerated CNT core sandwich plate with magneto-piezo-elastic facings

In this article, the damped nonlinear transient response of a smart sandwich plate (SSP) comprising of agglomerated CNT-reinforced porous nanocomposite core with multifunctional magneto-piezo-elastic (MPE) facesheets, subjected to the thermal environment, is numerically investigated. The synergistic influence of agglomeration, porosity and pyro-coupling on vibration control is studied for the first time under the finite element framework. The attenuation of the vibrations is caused by active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. The kinematics of the plate is based on the layer-wise shear deformation theory and von-Karman’s nonlinearity. The viscoelastic properties of the ACLD patch and CNT agglomeration of the core are mathematically modelled using Golla–Hughes–McTavish and Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka methods, respectively. A comprehensive examination of the inter-related effects of different agglomeration states, porosity distributions and thermal loading profiles has been performed. The new insights on controlling pyro-coupled induced vibrations of smart sandwich plates by supplying control voltage directly to the MPE facesheets without ACLD treatment have been discussed thoroughly. The numerical analysis confirms the significant effects of pyro-coupling associated with active vibration control response of SSP.

A smoothed finite element formulation using zig-zag theory for hybrid damping vibration control of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates

The paper presents an efficient numerical approach to deal with the hybrid damping vibration control of laminated functionally graded carbon-nanotube reinforced composite plates (FG-CNTRC) structures. In order to evaluate the damped response, a smoothed finite element model has been derived to simulate the laminated FG-CNTRC plate integrated with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment patches consisting of 1-3 piezoelectric composite (1-3 PZC) layer and a viscoelastic layer. The constrained layer of the ACLD patch is modeled as viscoelastic materials by using the complex modulus. In order to enhance the efficiency of the numerical approach, the proposed framework integrates the zig-zag theory into the cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) to help increase the accuracy and reduce the computational cost. The accuracy and reliability of the present study are validated by comparing its numerical results to those of other available numerical methods. Moreover, the effect of CNT distribution, nanotube volume fraction, and CNT orientation on the damping behavior of FG-CNTRC plates are investigated. Additionally, the influence of symmetrical and asymmetrical damping treatment configuration for controlling the vibration is also examined in detail. • An efficient numerical approach for the hybrid damping of FG-CNTRC plates is proposed. • Proposed framework helps increase the accuracy and reduce computational cost. • Effects of CNT distribution, volume fraction, and orientation on the damping behavior are examined. • Influence of symmetrical and asymmetrical configuration is examined.

Active control of nonlinear coupled transient vibrations of multifunctional sandwich plates with agglomerated FG-CNTs core/magneto-electro-elastic facesheets

This article investigates the controlled nonlinear transient response of sandwich plates made of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) facesheets and agglomerated carbon nanotube (ACNT) core. The control is achieved by active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment which consists of piezoelectric (PE) and viscoelastic (VE) layers. The agglomeration is mathematically modelled using the Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach. The governing equations are derived under the framework of finite element (FE) methods using Hamilton’s principle and condensation technique. The VE patch of the ACLD treatment is modelled through the Golla–Hughes–McTavish method. This evaluation has considered two states of agglomerations, such as complete and partial agglomeration. The proposed FE model facilitates the integration of the three-field (magnetic, electric and elastic) coupling with the agglomeration and electromagnetic circuit effects, which makes this work interesting. It acts as a ready tool for the realistic design of a smart structure and system. In addition, the computational efforts and efficiency of the proposed FE model prove to be better than the commercial numerical software. Extensive numerical examples are solved to assess the influence of CNT distributions, electromagnetic circuits, coupling, mechanical boundary conditions, thickness configuration and ACLD patch position. This work serves as a novel benchmark solution for further research on the active control of agglomerated CNT structures.

Analysis and optimal control of smart damping for porous functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate using smoothed FEM and metaheuristic algorithm

This paper proposed an effective numerical approach for free vibration analysis and optimal control of the porous functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (PFGMEE) plates integrated with the active constrained layer damping (ACLD). Specifically, in order to analyze the free vibration characteristic of the PFGMEE plates based on the layer-wise shear deformation theory, a cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap (CS-DSG3) method is applied. The accuracy and convergence of the CS-DSG3 method are demonstrated by comparing its results with those available in the literature. Additionally, due to the coupling characteristic between magnetic, electric, and elastic fields, the coupled response of the PFGMEE plate is also considered. Furthermore, in order to obtain the optimal performance of the PFGMEE plates with the ACLD treatment, a combination of the CS-DSG3 method with an adaptive elitist differential evolution (aeDE) algorithm is used to determine the optimal placement of ACLD patches and the piezoelectric fiber orientation angle of the PFGMEE plates. The effect of several boundary conditions and porous distribution types on the free vibration response and the optimal control solution of the PFGMEE plates is also examined.

Nonlinear damping of auxetic sandwich plates with functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic facings under multiphysics loads and electromagnetic circuits

This work addresses the damped transient response of smart sandwich plates subjected to coupled/multiphysics loads. The plate is made of an auxetic core with magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEEFG) facesheets. The well known active constrained layer damping (ACLD) technique making use of the piezoelectric (PE) patch also known as1-3 PZC layer embedded on the viscoelastic (VE) layer is adopted to attenuate the vibrations. A finite element (FE) based approach has been adopted in order to derive the governing equations. Further, the solutions to the considered problem are obtained by adopting the direct iterative method. The primary focus of this work is to evaluate the effects of the auxetic core's rib-length ratio, inclination angle on the damped structural response, which has been carried out for the first time in the literature. Also, parametric studies on the geometric and material properties such as thickness configuration of core and facesheets, ACLD patch positions, PE fiber orientation angle, control gain, functional gradation pattern, and gradient index have been carried out. Emphasize has been made to understand the impact of applying open and closed circuits associated with the rest of the parameters, on the controlled nonlinear behaviour of smart sandwich plates. The numerical results of this work make some major revelation about the implementation of auxetic cores in the smart structures, which make this work interesting.

Fluid-Induced Vibration of a Hydraulic Pipeline with Piezoelectric Active Constrained Layer-Damping Materials

The basic structure of a pipeline is complex due to the narrow installation space of a pipeline system. Thus, a considerable number of complex pipelines are adopted in a pipeline system. When a hydraulic pipeline works, it is impacted by fluid, which produces vibration. It is necessary to implement an effective method to control the vibration of a pipeline system. In recent years, the research on active constrained layer damping (ACLD) technology is increasing. However, there are few studies on the vibration characteristics of the ACLD pipeline system conveying fluid. The damping and vibration characteristics of ACLD pipeline system conveying fluid are studied in this paper. Considered the influence of the fluid–structure interaction, the motion equations can be derived, and the finite element model established of the pipeline based on ACLD treatment. The effect of the elasticity modulus, the thickness of the viscoelastic and constrained layer, the length and position of the ACLD patch, the velocity and pressure of fluid, and the voltage for the constrained layer, are all considered. The results show that ACLD technology has great damping influence on the conveying fluid pipeline.

Vibration and Damping Analysis of Pipeline System Based on Partially Piezoelectric Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatment.

Pipelines work in serious vibration environments caused by mechanical-based excitation, and it is thus challenging to put forward effective methods to reduce the vibration of pipelines. The common vibration control technique mainly uses the installation of dampers, constrained layer damping materials, and an optimized layout to control the vibration of pipelines. However, the passive damping treatment has little influence on the low frequency range of a pipeline system. Active control technology can obtain a remarkable damping effect. An active constrained layer damping (ACLD) system with piezoelectric materials is proposed in this paper. This paper aims to investigate the vibration and damping effect of ACLD pipeline under fixed support. The finite element method is employed to establish the motion equations of the ACLD pipeline. The effect of the thickness and elastic modulus of the viscoelastic layer, the laying position, and the coverage of ACLD patch, and the voltage of the piezoelectric material are all considered. The results show that the best damping performance can be obtained by selecting appropriate control parameters, and it can provide effective design guidance for active vibration control of a pipeline system.

Nonlinear vibration analysis of smart functionally graded plates

Abstract This paper presents the damping characteristics of nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded (FG) plates utilizing piezoelectric composite material. For this analysis the active fiber composite (AFC) is taken as piezoelectric composite material. Finite element (FE) models are made for the FG plates combined with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) patches made of AFC material. Von Karman strain–displacement equations considering the displacement fields and satisfactory boundary conditions are used. The working of the ACLD patches for nonlinear vibration damping of FG plates is explored where AFC is used for the constraining layer of the ACLD patches. The Golla-Hughes-McTavish method is used for modeling the constrained layer of ACLD patch which is considered to be made of a viscoelastic material. Simulation models are also developed using ANSYS software for smart FG plates for validating the FE model. The contribution of ACLD patches for the nonlinear vibration control of the FG plates is investigated.

Active constrained layer damping treatment on graphene reinforced composite plates

Here, a comparison study has been analyzed among the vertical actuation and in-plane actuation of the performance of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment upon functionally graded graphene reinforced composite (GRC) plate. The constraining layer of ACLD patch is composed of vertically reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite (PZC). The patch is placed at the central and edge location upon the GRC substrate. Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method is used to model the viscoelastic material in the time domain. Modified Halpin-Tsai rule is employed for evaluating the thermo-mechanical modulus properties of the substrate composite media. A three dimensional finite element method has been carried away for the overall domaim of the substrate GRC plate. In order to discretize the geometry eight noded isoparametric elements has been used with an in-house matlab code is formulated for obtaining the results.

Influence of active constrained layer damping on the coupled vibration response of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plates with skewed edges

This article makes the first attempt in assessing the influence of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment towards precise control of frequency responses of functionally graded skew-magneto-electro-elastic (FGSMEE) plates by employing finite element methods. The materials are functionally graded across the thickness of the plate in terms of modest power-law distributions. The principal equations of motion of FGSMEE are derived via Hamilton’s principle and solved using condensation technique. The effect of ACLD patches are modelled by following the complex modulus approach (CMA). Additionally, distinctive emphasis is laid to evaluate the influence of geometrical skewness on the attenuation capabilities of the plate. The accuracy of the current analysis is corroborated with comparison of previous researches of similar kind. Additionally, a complete parametric study is directed to understand the combined impacts of various factors like coupling fields, patch location, fiber orientation of piezoelectric patch in association with skew angle and power-law index.

Vibration Control of an Aero Pipeline System with Active Constraint Layer Damping Treatment

In this paper, vibration control of an aero pipeline system using active constrained layer damping treatment has been investigated in terms of the vibration and stress distribution. A three-dimensional finite element model of such a pipeline with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) patches is developed. The transfer of the driving force under harmonic voltage is analyzed based on the finite element model. The vibration control of the pipeline with active constrained layer damping treatment under different voltages is computed to analyze the influence of control parameters and structural parameters on the control effect. An experiment platform is developed to validate the above relations. Results show that the performance of the active constrained layer damping treatment is affected by the elastic modulus and thickness of the viscoelastic layer, control voltage and structure size. The performance increases significantly with the rising of the control voltage and cover area of ACLD patches among these parameters.

Vibration control of skew magneto-electro-elastic plates using active constrained layer damping

In this article, the effect of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) on the linear frequency response characteristics of skew magneto-electro-elastic (SMEE) plates has been evaluated. The constraining and the constrained layer of ACLD treatment are considered to be made of 1–3 piezoelectric composite (PZC) and viscoelastic layer, respectively. The advantage of incorporating smart materials such as PZC in attenuating the vibrations of the SMEE plates is thoroughly investigated. In this regard, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) formulation is derived with the aid of the principle of virtual work considering the coupling between magnetic, electric and elastic fields. The SMEE plate kinematics is governed by layer-wise shear deformation theory. The Complex modulus approach is adopted in order to model the constrained layer of the ACLD patch. A special emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of various skew angles on the frequency response of SMEE plates with ACLD treatment. Meanwhile, an exhaustive parametric study is carried out to analyze the influence of control gain, stacking sequence, patch position, fiber orientation angle of PZC, aspect ratio, and coupling effects. The results confirm that these parameters in association with ACLD treatment and skew angle significantly affect the damping characteristics and hence the controlled frequency response of SMEE plates. Moreover, the numerical results of this research lay a strong platform in the field of vibration and control. Also, it encourages the optimized design and analysis of smart SMEE structures for the application of sensors and actuators.

Control of large amplitude vibrations of doubly curved sandwich shells composed of fuzzy fiber reinforced composite facings

This paper is concerned with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of doubly curved sandwich shells with facings composed of fuzzy fiber reinforced composite (FFRC). FFRC is a novel composite where the short carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are either straight or wavy are radially grown on the periphery of the long continuous carbon fiber reinforcements. The plane of waviness of the CNTs is coplanar with the plane of carbon fiber. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composites (PZCs) while the constrained viscoelastic layer has been sandwiched between the substrate and the PZC layer. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method has been implemented to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in time domain. A three dimensional finite element (FE) model of smart doubly curved FFRC sandwich shells integrated with ACLD patches has been developed to investigate the performance of these patches for controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of these shells. This study reveals that the performance of the ACLD patches for controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of the doubly curved sandwich shells is better in the case of the facings composed of laminated FFRC than that in the case of the facings made of conventional orthotropic laminated composite. The research carried out in this paper brings to light that even the wavy CNTs can be properly utilized for attaining structural benefits from the exceptional elastic properties of CNTs.

Smart damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded sandwich plates using 1–3 piezoelectric composites

ABSTRACTGeometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of smart functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates integrated with the patches of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment has been carried out by the finite element method. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite while the constrained layer is made of a viscoelastic material, which is modeled using the Golla–Hughes–McTavish method in the time domain. The top and bottom faces of the substrate sandwich plate are composed of the FG isotropic material whose mechanical properties are assumed to vary according to a standard power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents while the core layer may be either a soft honeycomb material or a hard ceramic material. Several FG sandwich plates with different core configurations are studied to evaluate the numerical results. The numerical results indicate that the ACLD patches significantly improve the damping characteristics of the FG sandwich plates for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear vibrations. Effects of metal- or ceramic-rich top and bottom surfaces, the variation of power-law index on the control authority of the ACLD patches have been investigated. Emphasis has also been placed on investigating the effect of the variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle on the performance of the ACLD patches.

Three-dimensional fractional derivative model of smart constrained layer damping treatment for composite plates

This paper deals with the finite element analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of laminated composite plates using fractional order derivative constitutive relations for viscoelastic material. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composites (PZCs). The novelty of the present analysis is that the three dimensional fractional derivative model (FDM) of the constrained viscoelastic layer has been derived in time domain. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed based on the FDM of the viscoelastic layer. Thin laminated plates with various boundary conditions and stacking sequences are emphatically analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of the three-dimensional FDM for both the passive and active control authority of the ACLD patch.

Active damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of sandwich plates with fuzzy fiber reinforced composite facings

This paper is concerned with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of sandwich plates with facings composed of fuzzy fiber reinforced composite (FFRC). FFRC is a novel composite where the short carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are either straight or wavy are radially grown on the periphery of the long continuous carbon fiber reinforcements. The plane of waviness of the CNTs is coplanar with the plane of carbon fiber. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composites (PZCs) while the constrained viscoelastic layer has been sandwiched between the substrate and the PZC layer. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish method has been implemented to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in time domain. A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model of smart FFRC sandwich plates integrated with ACLD patches has been developed to investigate the performance of these patches for controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of these plates. This study reveals that the performance of the ACLD patches for controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of the sandwich plates is better in the case of the facings composed of laminated FFRC than that in the case of the facings made of conventional orthotropic laminated composite. Particular emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of the variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle on the performance of the ACLD treatment. The research carried out in this paper brings to light that even the wavy CNTs can be properly utilized for attaining structural benefits from the exceptional elastic properties of CNTs.

Effect of carbon nanotube waviness on active damping of laminated hybrid composite shells

In this article, we investigate the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) waviness on the active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of the laminated hybrid composite shells. In particular, the effect of CNT waviness has been studied for the case of a novel nano-tailored composite—continuous fuzzy fiber-reinforced composite (FFRC). The distinctive feature of the construction of the FFRC is that the uniformly spaced straight or wavy CNTs are radially grown on the circumferential surfaces of carbon fibers. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of vertically or obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite material. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to study the damping characteristics of the laminated FFRC shells integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment. Our results reveal that (i) the planar orientation of CNT waviness has a significant influence on the damping characteristics of the laminated FFRC shells, (ii) damping characteristics of the symmetric cross-ply, and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated FFRC shells are improved if CNT waviness is coplanar with the longitudinal plane of the carbon fiber, and (iii) for the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated FFRC shells, the performance of the ACLD patches becomes maximum for attenuating the fundamental mode when CNT waviness is coplanar with the transverse plane of the carbon fiber.

Performance of skew or rectangular smart patches for active damping of nonlinear vibrations of skew doubly curved laminated composite shells

This paper deals with the investigation of the performance of the skew or the rectangular patches of the active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment for active damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew doubly curved laminated composite shells. Developing a three-dimensional nonlinear electro-mechanical finite element model, the performance of the patches is examined for different configurations of their placements on the top surface of the skew substrate shells. The investigation reveals that the patches of the ACLD treatment significantly improves the active damping characteristics of the skew doubly curved laminated composite shells over the passive damping for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear vibrations. It is suggested that even though the substrate shells are skew, a rectangular patch of the ACLD treatment located at the centre of the top surface of the substrate shells should be used for achieving optimum damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew doubly curved laminated composite shells irrespective of the skew angles and boundary conditions. The effects of variations of the piezoelectric fiber orientation angle in the constraining layer of the ACLD patches and the skew angle of the substrate shells on the control authority of the ACLD patches have been extensively investigated.

Active control of large amplitude vibrations of smart magneto–electro–elastic doubly curved shells

This paper deals with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of large amplitude vibrations of smart magneto–electro–elastic (MEE) doubly curved shells. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite (PZC). The constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment is modeled by using the Golla–Hughes–McTavish method in the time domain. A three-dimensional finite element model of the overall smart MEE doubly curved shells has been developed taking into account the effects of electro–elastic and magneto–elastic couplings, while the von Karman type nonlinear strain displacement relations are used for incorporating the geometric nonlinearity. Influence of the curvature ratio, the curvature aspect ratio, the thickness aspect ratio on the nonlinear frequency ratios of the MEE doubly curved shells has been investigated. Effects of the location of the ACLD patches and the edge boundary conditions on the control of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of paraboloid and hyperboloid MEE shells have been studied. Particular attention has been paid to investigate the performance of the ACLD treatment due to the variation of the piezoelectric fiber orientation angle in the 1–3 PZC constraining layer of the ACLD treatment.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of smart laminated composite sandwich plates

This paper deals with the nonlinear dynamic analysis of smart laminated composite sandwich plates. A three dimensional energy based finite element (FE) model has been developed for the composite sandwich plates integrated with the patches of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. Von Kármán type nonlinear strain–displacement relations and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) are adopted individually for each layer of the sandwich plate in developing the FE model. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of active fiber composite (AFC) material. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method is used to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in the time domain. Sandwich plates with symmetric and antisymmetric laminated faces separated by HEREX core are considered for evaluation of the numerical results. The numerical results indicate that the ACLD patches significantly improve the damping characteristics of the composite sandwich plates for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations. The effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle in the AFC material on the control authority of the ACLD patches is also investigated.