Office Activities Research Articles

Effective Probation Strategies to Respond to Signals of Poor Progress on Community Supervision

With over 4 million adults under community supervision and an average of 30% that do not fare well, an unanswered question is which strategies reduce the likelihood of technical, absconding, and new arrest violations during the early phase of supervision. Utilizing data on 32,335 moderate to high-supervised individuals on supervision in North Carolina, the study found that success during the first 6 months is due to probation officers’ use of incentives to promote positive behavior and swift community-based consequences to address negative behavior, prioritizing treatment services or cognitive programs, increasing monitoring requirements, and using skill-building worksheets to increase engagement and build rapport. Officer actions are more important than individual characteristics, and can promote success for those that are under the age of 31, have more complex needs, and are identified as at-risk for violating supervision. Future studies should explore these concepts more directly regarding their relationship with recidivism.

Conflict of interests in local government: features of legal regulation and prevention of its occurrence

Introduction. This paper addresses the specificities of conflicts of interest within the sphere of local self-government. One of the most common situations where a conflict of interest arises is through relationships with individuals and/or legal entities that may give rise to a private interest. Moreover, it distinguishes between the concepts of «authority» and «private interest». Purpose. To define the concept of conflict of interests in local self-government bodies, its signs, features, methods of settlement, possible consequences and to find out the variability of actions of officials in solving this problem in accordance with anti-corruption legislation. Results. Through an analysis of current legal documents and academic literature, the unique characteristics associated with the legal management and prevention of conflicts of interest within the functions of local government bodies are identified. It is determined that a conflict of interest may arise not only when a contradiction has already affected the objectivity and/or impartiality of decision-making or performance of actions, but also when there is a potential opportunity to influence them. This paper also investigates the essence of conflicts of interest and their manifestations in the sphere of local self-government. By analyzing various situations in which conflicts of interest arise in the system of local self-government, the paper describes the consequences of such conflicts and highlights certain shortcomings of the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine regarding the notification of conflicts of interest and the algorithm of behavior in their presence. Conclusion. The paper concludes that persons entrusted with the responsibility of preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the sphere of local self-government and other state authorities should take several measures. Firstly, they should take measures to prevent possible conflicts of interest and their actual manifestation. Secondly, they should report a conflict of interest by providing information about an actual or possible situation where a conflict may arise between their personal interests and the interests of another person. Thirdly, they should avoid taking actions or making decisions in situations of real conflicts of interest. Lastly, they should take measures to resolve potential or existing conflicts of interest, which depend on the situation. It is important to note that a person can take any measures independently, as long as they do not violate the law.

DISASTER AWARENESS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT ACTIONS ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT

This thesis entitled, “Disaster Awareness and Local Government Unit Actions on Disaster Management” intended to find out answers to the following questions: 1.) What is the status of Disaster Awareness in Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna in terms of knowledge, capabilities? 2.) What is the action of local official in the Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna in terms of allocations, and ordinance? 3.) What is the status of Disaster Management in Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna in terms of prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation/recovery? 4.) Is there a significant relationship between the status of disaster awareness and disaster management in the Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna? and 5.) Is there a significant relationship between the action of the local officials and disaster management in the Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna? A descriptive method is used in the study to determine the relationship of the disaster awareness to disaster management. The instrument used was questionnaire in the form of a checklist and a Five-Likert scale gather information needed to accomplish the study. The primary respondent of this study was the selected head of the family who belong to disaster-prone area in their barangay, and the officials/member of MDRRMO. The list of disaster-prone area came from MDRRMO, and two hundred (200) are served as respondent of the study, one hundred eighty-five (185) from the selected head of the family and fifteen (15) are came from officials and members of MDRRMO. The findings shows that the disaster awareness was observed to have a significant relationship to the disaster management. This means that the knowledge and capabilities of the residents about disaster awareness made them manage the disaster effectively. On the other hand, the findings shows that the action of local officials was observed to have a significant relationship to disaster management. This means that the ordinance and allocations of local officials that being implemented in the municipality had a noticeable impact on how effectively disaster were managed. The study concludes that the status of disaster awareness showed a significant relationship in disaster management in municipality. The null hypothesis “there is a significant relationship between the status disaster awareness and disaster management in the Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna.” is rejected. The action of local official showed a significant relationship in disaster management in municipality. The null hypothesis, “there is a significant relationship between the action of local officials and disaster management in the Municipality of Kalayaan, Laguna.” is rejected. This recommends that residents may continue to engage their self in developing disaster preparedness program. And local officials may continually prioritize disaster preparedness and response in conducting risk assessments, developed more contingency plans, and investing in disaster-resilient infrastructure.

Inclusive education in the discourse of hypocrisy

The article presents the problems of assumptions of inclusive education. Some of the assumptions appear hypocritical, where declarations of inclusion are accompanied by an exclusionary discourse. These discourses are analyzed in the light of the development of the theory of special education and in the actions of educational officials and politicians. Particular attention was paid to the Education for All project. The author points out that this project, despite valuable declarations, contains in the executive part a traditional, clinical image of person with disabilities. This image is not conductive to the inclusion of children in joint education.

Features of the external cultural policy of the Italian Republic in the countries of the post-Soviet space (on the example of the relations between Italy and Uzbekistan)

The active development of international relations in the conditions of globalization provokes an increase of the interest towards the individual countries. In this context there occurs a shift in the emphasis within the framework of the state's foreign policy towards attracting political interest in the country through the mechanisms of "soft power". The author examines the features of the Italian external cultural policy and observes its resources which are promoted within the framework of creating a positive image of Italy in the Asian countries, in particular, in Uzbekistan as a post-Soviet space country. Novelty of the research consists in the necessity of an overview of activities of Italian official actors promoting a positive image of a country taking into consideration the apparent shift of the vector of international relations and cultural diplomacy towards the Central Asia region accured with the arrival of a new decade of the XXI century. It also leands to the implementing different approaches of the "soft power" policy depending on the country of presence. With the use of general scientific methods such as analysis and interpretation of information and forecasting, it becomes possible to present a detailed consideration of the components of Italian national culture and the official events conducted by official actors of the Italian external cultural policy. The article is also aimed at finding out the approaches of choosing platforms for promoting the identified resources of the Italian "soft power". The study reveals the Italian culture components promoted in Uzbekistan, studies the directions and spheres they are present and evaluate the prospects for work in the furtherance of the Italian "soft power" resources promoted within the external cultural policy of the Italian Republic in the region of Central Asia.

Pakistani Print Media and Climate Literacy: A Study of Formal-stylistic Frame Analysis during 2018-19

The purpose of this study was to examine climate and environment news articles in two widely-read newspapers in Pakistan, Jang and Dawn, and to identify how these articles are framed using formal-stylistic approaches such as episodic and thematic framing. The goal of the research was to determine whether the print media in Pakistan is contributing to climate literacy through the framing of climate and environment news stories. The study put forward two hypotheses: H1: Climate and environment-related news coverage in Pakistani print media is usually episodic rather than thematic. H2: The way news stories of climate and environment are framed in Pakistani print media, does not enhance climate literacy. The research employed qualitative frame analysis to examine, choose, evaluate, and scrutinize news frames based on episodic and thematic framing. The study investigated how print media covered news stories about climate and environment over a period of two years (2018-19), which were selected because they coincided with significant climate change events that were of great importance for media analysis. To conduct the frame analysis, the researcher evaluated a total of 1,460 newspapers that were published between January 01, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The entire population of newspapers was included in the sample, which consisted of N=694 for Dawn and N=622 for Daily Jang. The study focused on news articles that were published in different sections of each newspaper, such as the front, back, national, and international pages, and that were related to climate or environmental events, either directly or indirectly. The unit of analysis for the research was individual news articles that were published between January 01, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The study discovered that the predominant framing approach employed in both English and Urdu print media (specifically Dawn and Jang newspapers) is episodic, with 87.4% in Dawn and 98.6% in Jang. Nevertheless, Dawn's usage of the thematic framing approach constitutes 12.6% while Jang's usage is merely 1.4%. The most dominant themes coded under episodic framing approach during the selected time period were reports on adverse impacts of climate and environment disasters and political activities of ministers and other government officials with regards to climate and environmental concerns. Such news articles do not provide any context of climate change and fail to enhance climate literacy. The investigation found that both English and Urdu print media, specifically the Dawn and Jang newspapers, primarily used the episodic framing approach, which accounted for 87.4% of Dawn's coverage and 98.6% of Jang's coverage. However, Dawn also utilized thematic framing in 12.6% of its coverage, while Jang only used it in 1.4% of its coverage. The most common themes under the episodic framing approach during the selected time period were news reports about the harmful effects of climate and environmental disasters and the actions of government officials and ministers in relation to climate and environmental issues. However, these news stories lacked any context of climate change and did not contribute to enhancing climate literacy.

New Caucus on Social Determinants of Mental Health to Meet During Annual Meeting

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessNew Caucus on Social Determinants of Mental Health to Meet During Annual MeetingMark MoranMark MoranSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:27 Mar 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.04.4.17AbstractThe caucus aims to help translate research on social determinants to policy and clinical care.The APA Caucus on Social Determinants of Mental Health (SDoMH) is seeking new members who are interested in the ways that social, economic, and environmental factors—such as food, housing, access to health care, education, and proximity to green space—influence the health of patients.The caucus, APA’s newest, held its first meetings in February and March and will be meeting in May at this year’s Annual Meeting in San Francisco. The date and time will be announced in the PN Update enewsletter.“We need to think in a holistic way about social determinants and have a diversity of voices that reflect how these factors affect everyone,” said Eric Rafla-Yuan, M.D., chair of the APA Caucus on Social Determinants of Mental Health.Eric Rafla-Yuan, M.D., was appointed chair of the caucus by APA President Rebecca Brendel, M.D., J.D.; his term expires in September. During the Annual Meeting, elections will be held for a chair-elect and other caucus positions.Members interested in joining the caucus are urged to visit the Join a Caucus page on the APA website.Rafla-Yuan noted that one of the first official actions of the caucus has been to cosponsor the proposed APA position statement on Housing, Homelessness, and Mental Health with the Council on Advocacy and Government Relations, the Council on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and the Council on Health Systems and Financing. The statement is expected to be submitted to the Joint Reference Committee later this year.The proposed position statement asserts: “Studies have shown that the majority of homelessness triggers are not related to mental health disorders but are economic, such as the loss of a job and debt. Additionally, although individuals with mental illness are at increased risk for homelessness, multiple studies have also shown that the majority of individuals who are unhoused have neither mental illness nor substance use disorders.“Conflation of mental health disorders with poverty and homelessness worsens stigma toward people with mental illness and toward people who are unhoused. … Large-scale trials demonstrate improved health outcomes and cost savings from scalable interventions such as permanent supportive housing. This includes the Housing First approach, which combines permanent housing with rehabilitation, support, and recovery services for people with disabilities. Housing First emphasizes choice and the belief that housing is a basic human right.”Said Rafla-Yuan, “There is a general consensus that social determinants are extremely important and affect the health of our patients. It’s an active area of research, but the question for us as clinicians is how to translate that research into interventions that can impact the health of our patients. We must also recognize that social determinants of heath do not occur in a vacuum, but arise from policy decisions that we as psychiatrists can have a say in.”He noted as well that while social determinants disproportionately negatively affect poor and disadvantaged communities, they can also be leveraged to influence health and mental health in positive ways that affect everyone.“We need to think in a holistic way about SDoMH and have a diversity of voices that reflect how these factors affect our patients, ourselves, and the communities we live and practice in,” he said. “We are looking for psychiatrists who will take the research on social determinants and help APA apply it to policy, clinical care, and education. We want to train the next generation so that psychiatrists have an awareness of these issues and the tools to act and advocate on them.” ■APA members can join the caucus by visiting the Join a Caucus page on the APA website. ISSUES NewArchived

APPEAL AGAINST ILLEGAL ACTIONS OF OFFICIALS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: LEGAL AND DOCTRINAL FOUNDATIONS

The article presents the results of a study of the legal and scientific aspects of appealing against illegal actions of officials of the investigation and inquiry bodies by the defense party. This problem is multidimensional and includes such components as constitutional and legal foundations, criminal procedural regulation and scientific support of the right to appeal against illegal procedural actions as a mechanism for overcoming violations of the rights of suspects/accused at the stage of preliminary investigation. One of the most common forms of such violations are unjustified refusals to exercise the procedural rights of suspects/accused, in particular, to provide evidence, participate in proving, and familiarize themselves with the case materials. The consequences of such a violation may be expressed in the inability to properly build a defense, including from unjustified charges and, as a result, illegal detention, detention or detention, bringing a knowingly innocent person to criminal responsibility or illegal initiation of a criminal case, pronouncing a knowingly unjust verdict, decision or other judicial act. These violations are obviously complex in nature and hinder the implementation of the principle of equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal proceedings. Unfortunately, investigators and interrogators often deny the defense the right to present evidence and attach it to the criminal case, and to ensure this, they deny the accused and the defender the right to familiarize themselves with the case materials, while using loopholes in legislation and vague (sometimes too broad) interpretations in the guidelines of judicial interpretation. This leads to the fact that there is no alternative to the prosecution’s version and, of course, to a significant violation of the rights of the accused as participants in criminal proceedings. The negative consequences of this may be cases of unjustified accusation and conviction of innocent persons, the occurrence of other grave consequences (for example, the illness of an unlawfully accused /convicted person, causing property damage during the confiscation of property based on a false accusation, the application of other property sanctions, discrediting and defamation of such a person, etc.). In addition, of course, this practice it causes serious damage to the authority of the court, law enforcement agencies, and the formation of negative public opinion about them. The article analyzes in detail the cases of refusals to present and attach evidence, familiarization with the case materials, examines the “argumentation” given by the staff of the preliminary investigation bodies, judges, and clearly proves its fallacy, using the example of cases that have a great public resonance and the author’s personal experience as a lawyer in such cases. Criminal procedural means of countering such violations are being investigated. In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the author formulates a conclusion aimed at overcoming the accusatory bias and violations of the rights of participants in court proceedings in cases with public resonance, improving and increasing the effectiveness of preventing violations of the constitutional right to defense and adversarial parties.

Topical Issues of Appealing Against Illegal Actions and Decisiona of Officials and Courts

The authors study the institute of appeal in Russian criminal procedure legislation. Currently, the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation provides several mechanisms of implementing the right to defense stipulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Since the actions and decisions of officials and courts have a direct impact on the constitutional status of a person involved in criminal proceedings, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of the existing legal mechanisms by studying the court practice and law enforcement decisions. The authors focus on the existing mechanisms of appealing and their effectiveness, and also suggest other approaches to forming the law enforcement practice in this aspect of criminal procedure activities for the participants of criminal court proceedings who appeal against illegal actions of officials and courts. They also substantiate the thesis about the necessity for the proper work of agencies that consider appeals and offer examples of court practice in this sphere.

‘The Chronicle Must Tell How It Once Was’: Commercial Sex and Pimping in the Chronicle of Hamburg’s Postwar Vice Police

Abstract To ‘pass on a bit of recent history’, members of Hamburg’s vice police, or Sitte, gradually assembled a six-volume chronicle covering the period 1945 to 1982. The authors documented promotions, retirements, joint trips and work parties, but they also recorded the work of the department, illustrated through case notes and commentary on pimping, prostitution, pornography, drug use, paedophilia and incest. This article examines the treatment and depiction of commercial sex and pimping from the 1950s into the early 1980s. Central here is an investigation of the portrayals of ‘pimp’ violence towards women who sold sex, viewed alongside allusions to and evidence of police violence. A further focus is the presentation of and relationship with women who sold sex in Hamburg, with particular reference to police commentary regarding their race, sexuality and gender identity. The article also explores descriptions in the chronicle of so-called ‘transvestite’ prostitution. The authors of the chronicle repeatedly allude to sexual liberalization in West German society at large. Their entries are crafted with a reader in mind as they relate the actions of officers and subjects to changing views on sexuality. This article thus also analyses police engagement with processes of sexual liberalization and the implications for the role of the vice police in West Germany.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL REALITY INTERPRETATION OF THE QUR'AN SURAT ALI IMRON verse 190-191 AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL EDUCATION IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION

In general, corruption fulfils elements such as unlawful acts, abuse of authority, and opportunities, enriching oneself, and harming the finances or economy of the State. One of the contents contained in Surah Ali Imron Verse 190-191 is dhikr praising Allah SWT with His noble names; it should be done on various occasions to always remember and connect with Allah SWT. This study uses qualitative, and this type of research is descriptive-analytic research; the purpose of this research is to determine what factors make the corrupt actions of government officials in Leran village, Senori district, and Tuban regency getting more minor and almost non-existent and how to implement the interpretation of the social reality of the Qur'an. Surah Ali Imron verses 190-191 as a socio-cultural education in preventing corrupt actions in all levels of government officials in the Leran village, Senori district, Tuban regency. In addition to interviews, data collection also uses documentation and observations with government officials in Leran village, Senori district, and Tuban regency. The results of the research on the Implementation of the Interpretation of Social Reality of the Al-Qur'an Surah Ali Imron Verse 190-191 as a Socio-Cultural Education to Prevent Corrupt Actions in Leran village, Senori district, Tuban regency, namely istighotsah together once a week this is often carried out by the Tuban regency government by instructing, involving and inviting all villages in the Tuban area including the ranks of government officials from Leran village, Senori district, Tuban regency. Another activity that is also running is reciting the Qur'an together at the Leran Village Hall every three months on Kliwon Fridays from 07.00 to 11.00. This is a separate encouragement for the ranks of government officials in the Leran village, Senori district, Tuban regency, because, in this activity, the village officials also participate in reading the Qur'an, besides some listening to the reading of the Qur'an.

Перспективы развития механизма удостоверения содержания и результатов процессуального действия в уголовном процессе России

Introduction. The institution of witnesses has appeared in Russian legislation since the commencement of the Council Code of 1649 and has always performed certification functions in the actions of law enforcement officials to ensure their compliance with the law and to prevent the latter from various abuses. The status of a witness was granted to persons who were known, respected, and enjoyed a certain level of trust among the population; the murder of such a person carried the death penalty for the guilty person. With the development of modern society, especially at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the attitude toward the status of a witness underwent cardinal changes. Citizens are extremely reluctant to participate in the role of a witness in various investigative actions; parties to the criminal process and society do not have the same trust in them. All this became possible for many reasons, the main of which are the degradation of the spiritual values of society and their commercialization, as well as a significant drop in the prestige of state power and law enforcement agencies in particular. The latter is because of the actions of individual representatives of law enforcement agencies themselves, who, knowingly violating the law, abused their powers contrary to the interests of the state and society. The judicial practice of the last three decades is replete with examples when, during the conduct of certain investigative as well as operational-search actions, persons were involved as witnesses who, obviously for the law enforcement officers, did not meet the requirements of the law for such parties to the criminal process. They were relatives and acquaintances of the representatives of law enforcement agencies, or the so-called “professional” witnesses, characterized by a low level of morality and ready to sign any document and give such evidence as they were told about. Establishing an objective truth about the facts under investigation with such parties to the criminal process becomes an impossible task. Naturally, all this did not and does not contribute to the achievement of the goals of criminal proceedings. Scientific and technological development, the introduction into our daily lives of various technical means, such as photo, sound, or video recording equipment, and their availability and relative cheapness have long raised the question of the expediency of preserving the institution of witnesses in domestic legislation and transferring the performance of the functions of a witness with the help of such technical means. The purpose of the study is to consider the prospects for the development of the institution of witnesses, its positive and negative aspects, and correlate them with the practice of using technical means to perform certification functions in criminal proceedings. Methods. The methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of information processing and logical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and generalization. Results. The presented authors’ vision of the development of a mechanism that performs certification functions in the criminal process in the production of procedural actions, based on judicial and investigative practice, makes it possible to more fully present the existing problem in order to develop measures to level the existing negative consequences.

Rebel Salvation: Pardon and Amnesty of Confederates in Tennessee by Kathleen Zebley Liulevicius

Reviewed by: Rebel Salvation: Pardon and Amnesty of Confederates in Tennessee by Kathleen Zebley Liulevicius Katharine Dahlstrand (bio) Rebel Salvation: Pardon and Amnesty of Confederates in Tennessee. By Kathleen Zebley Liulevicius. ( Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2021. Pp. 368. Cloth, $50.00.) In a time when the very idea of pardon and amnesty makes national headlines, Kathleen Zebley Liulevicius has offered readers a specialized history on the topic with Rebel Salvation. As the first two Reconstruction presidents navigated the complexities of stitching back together a fractured nation, Liulevicius illuminates that the "'healing' came too fast" (6). The author examines Andrew Johnson's program of pardon and amnesty announced on May 29, 1865, in which he exonerated most white southerners and then outlined fourteen classes of people who would require individual pardon via application to the president. After providing a clear definition of who required direct solicitation of amnesty, Liulevicius offers [End Page 131] a broad history of antebellum Tennessee, the focus of her study, and sets the stage for an application process that demanded acknowledgment of wrongdoing, promises of future loyalty, and recollections of previous instances of allegiance to the United States. As Liulevicius tackles the means by which white southerners found absolution for treason, her more limited examination of the presidential ideologies that informed the process takes a backseat to an exploration of the power of community. She provides overwhelming evidence of the supplemental letters of support sent alongside applicants' oaths of loyalty and formal applications for amnesty and pardon. While the letters were never formally required, the author points out that the sheer volume of them suggests that their inclusion helped secure presidential pardons. There is irony in the title of chapter 3, "Confederate Panjandrums," and Liulevicius makes it clear that the political godheads of Tennessee's brief attempt at secession claimed to be victims of popular opinion, easily swayed by the fever of treason. Offices were filled out of a sense of obligation to the communities in which these men lived, reluctantly and without any real dedication to the secessionist cause. This reluctance never quite translated to a firm commitment to the principles of preserving the Union; nevertheless, many of the men who applied for pardon felt entitled to total forgiveness. Reading through this chapter, readers will surely lament that this ragged war seemed to spring into existence at the fault of no specific white southern man, but rather out of a general sense of the white southern will of anonymous others. Applicants simultaneously claimed to be men of powerful authority and toothless supplicants to secessionist passions. Local officeholders seeking amnesty and pardon portrayed their service as one of continuing necessary community functions. As with the political power brokers, these men focused on the influence of neighbors when accepting a position in the Rebel government. Strikingly, however, these former Rebel functionaries highlighted how their service as postmasters and civil servants often also served the interests of the U.S. government and Federal armies. Youthful indiscretion seemed to play a large role in choosing disunion, but Liulevicius aptly highlights the rare application that relied on a defense of slavery. Harder to defend were the actions of former Rebel officers. Former senior military officers, U.S. soldiers and sailors who had defected to fight for the Confederacy, and Rebels educated and trained at the expense of U.S. military service academies had to provide compelling narratives defending their secession and wartime actions. Former Confederate commanders appealed to the president by highlighting their "civilized, gentlemanly warfare" and "benevolent treatment of Unionists," ignoring the moments they ordered their troops to fire [End Page 132] deadly weapons at U.S. soldiers and sailors (127). In the last chapter, the author examines the pardon applications of the planter elite, but there seems to be a tendency to accept the answers provided in the Tennessee Civil War Veterans Questionnaire at face value with little scrutiny of social and cultural signposts under which the questionnaire was created. Still, Liulevicius reveals an amnesty system that erred on the side of forgiveness for a majority of the applicants, in which toothless former Rebels were washed free of their traitorous sins, given sharpened teeth, and allowed renewed...

Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Iron Slurry Electrode Redox Flow Battery-A Case Study

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution events of U.S. Patent No. 9,559,375 directed towards “Iron Flow Battery”. This invention aligns with several divisions of the Electrochemical Society (ECS), including Industrial Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering (IE&EE), Battery (BATT), Energy Technology (ETD) and Electrodeposition (ELDP). The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) summary of key drawings and the specification of the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) submission of the Invention Disclosure Statement (IDS) and associated Duty of Candor, 4) summary of the non-final office action (NF-OA) and rejection, and 5) applicant response and allowance of the patent application. The case study illustrates overcoming lack of “novelty” and “obviousness” rejections by combining the limitation of dependent claims with the independent claim. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.

The role of intellectuals in times of pandemic: Understanding Noam Chomsky's political engagement

The role of intellectuals in times of pandemic: Understanding Noam Chomsky's political engagement

Why Do People Trust the Police? A Case Study of Thailand

Trust in the police is considered vitally important in ensuring that citizens obey the law and cooperate with police officers. However, in recent times, the Royal Thai Police has been facing difficulties with the image of the organization, including lack of public trust resulting from the actions of some police officers. Therefore, this study investigated the level of trust in the police, as well as the factors that cause the public to trust the police. The samples used in this study were 971 residents in eastern Thailand. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data that were subjected to ordinary multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The findings showed police effectiveness and fairness had a positive relationship with trust in the police. Age, corruption, and fear of crime had negative relationships with trust in the police. However, victimization had no association with trust in the police. Hence, the Royal Thai Police should place great importance on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of police officers and treating people equally and fairly. In addition, corruption issues and the solving of crimes should be addressed to provide people with peace of mind and greater trust in the police.

Keabsahan Pengangkatan Pejabat Kepala Daerah Akibat Penundaan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah

This study aims to analyze the validity of the designation of acting regional heads as an implication of the postponement of the 2022 and 2023 regional elections. This research is normative, with a statutory and analytical approach. The primary legal material is Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning Regional Head Elections. Secondary legal materials are articles, books, and research findings gathered through normative research and analyzed using a research methodology. The results showed that the implication of postponing the 2022 and 2023 regional elections caused a vacancy in the position of the regional head, which had implications for the appointment of the TNI/Polri as acting regional head, which deviated from the state rule of law. Based on the decision of the Constitutional Court, the TNI/ Polri can occupy civilian positions if they retire or resign from active service and have gone through the process openly and competitively. Meanwhile, the mechanism for appointing acting regional heads from the TNI/ Polri who are still active has been contrary to the principle of the procedure for the validity of the actions of government officials. So that the government needs to immediately issue a government regulation related to the mechanism for appointing acting regional heads due to the postponement of technical regional elections so that the appointment can have a basis in the selection mechanism and qualification of acting regional heads democraticallyThis study aims to analyze the validity of the designation of acting regional heads as an implication of the postponement of the 2022 and 2023 regional elections. This research is normative, with a statutory and analytical approach. The primary legal material is Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning Regional Head Elections. Secondary legal materials are articles, books, and research findings gathered through normative research and analyzed using a research methodology. The results showed that the implication of postponing the 2022 and 2023 regional elections caused a vacancy in the position of the regional head, which had implications for the appointment of the TNI/Polri as acting regional head, which deviated from the state rule of law. Based on the decision of the Constitutional Court, the TNI/ Polri can occupy civilian positions if they retire or resign from active service and have gone through the process openly and competitively. Meanwhile, the mechanism for appointing acting regional heads from the TNI/ Polri who are still active has been contrary to the principle of the procedure for the validity of the actions of government officials. So that the government needs to immediately issue a government regulation related to the mechanism for appointing acting regional heads due to the postponement of technical regional elections so that the appointment can have a basis in the selection mechanism and qualification of acting regional heads democratically.This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA 4.0 license.

Alf Ross on the Nature of Law

AbstractIn his work, On Law and Justice, Alf Ross sought to explain law in scientific/empirical terms, in terms that would require no recourse to what he called “metaphysics” or “idealism.” The result is a sort of translation of legal rules and official actions into propositions of behavior, predictions of behavior, and shared ideology. The present work raises questions about the tensions within Ross's work(s), and discusses the places where Ross's analysis seems to fall short of its ambitions. In the course of the discussion, the article considers issues relating to legal mistake, explanations of judicial behavior, and different types of normativity.

Governing Hindu marriage or interreligious marriage?: secularism from below and state-society relations in the adjudication of marriage in India

This paper examines state-society relations in the adjudication of marriage at the cusp of two policies, namely the Indian state’s policy of affirmative action for marginalized castes and the recognition of religion-based personal laws. Based on qualitative research conducted in Mumbai, the paper discusses the dilemmas, and challenges of the fusion of inter-religious and Hindu marriages. Focusing on actions of state officials and societal actors, the paper highlights everyday acts of creative and irregular governance institutionalized in religious family law, legal processes and practices, and public records, while regulating marriage. When confronted with legal ambiguities and gaps between lived realities and legal categories, state officials improvise and adjust their actions to accommodate certain logics, practices and politico-legal subjectivities. These adjudicative actions, at times, expand the socially integrative structure of the Family Court, encourage collaborations with societal organizations, enable the state courts to protect religious freedoms and personal liberties of litigants, and subvert exclusionary notions of religion in law. In addition, the paper shows how boundary drawing between state and society in multitudinous ways becomes the administrative and analytical gateway to capture the state practice of secularism from below, question the coherence of statist legal categories, and grasp the governance ironies regulating inter-religious/Hindu marriage under Hindu law.

Bureaucratic Pathology In Sumalata District Office, North Gorontalo Regency

This research aims to determine the pathology of bureaucracy at the Sumalata District Office, North Gorontalo Regency. The research method used is a qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the Bureaucratic Pathology had not run according to the rules that had been set. From the four indicators to measure the level of bureaucratic pathology, there was one indicator that worked well enough, namely the indicator Due to the internal situation (services). Meanwhile, for the three that have not gone well, it is the perception of managerial style, where the placement of positions is not in accordance with their respective duties. Then the indicators of low knowledge and skills, the existence of an employee’s educational background that is not in accordance with his position. Indicators The actions of officials who violate the law still need to increase awareness in terms of employee discipline at the Sumalata District Office.