Action Zones Research Articles

Determinants of willingness to vaccinate against HPV among adults: an Italian cross-sectional study

Abstract Background In Italy, heterosexual males over the age of 18 do not participate in the free-of-charge HPV vaccine offer, nor do women over the age of 26, with regional differences; however, they can vaccinate for a fee. This survey aims to assess the vaccination readiness of the 18-40 year old population group, their perceived need with respect to the vaccine, and the determinants of the vaccination choice. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study targeting the general population in the 18-40 age group has been ongoing since March 2024. Recruitment occurs through social media and flyers. Demographic characteristics, social determinants, deprivation index by area via HAZ (health action zone) method (SR: -15;25), risk factors, main barriers to vaccination are assessed. Our main outcome is HPV vaccination willingness. People already vaccinated were excluded from the analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed with Jamovi. Results Our preliminary results included 159 individuals of whom 57.2% would like to receive HPV vaccine. The main characteristics of the sample were: median age 30 years (IQR:26.5;34), 47.2% female gender, median deprivation index 3.7 (IQR:-0.2;7.1), 75% working, 11.9% from the LGBTQ+ community. Regarding barriers, 31.9% rated fatigue in accessing the vaccine as significant, 10.4% feared a risk in receiving the vaccine. Among the people who did not want to vaccinate or did not know, 75% would do so by paying less than the normal amount, 21.6% if free, and 3.4% would not vaccinate anyway. Vaccination willingness was positively associated with female gender (OR:3.1; p = 0.026) and belonging to the LGBTQ+ community (OR:10.0; p:0.050) and negatively associated with working status (OR:0.19; p = 0.013). Conclusions Socioeconomic barriers appeared to play a significant role in the choice to vaccinate. Policies to reduce economic barriers could increase vaccination in an uncovered but still potentially sexually active population. Key messages • Coverage of HPV vaccine is not yet at optimal thresholds, yet people excluded from free vaccination programs could benefit from vaccination incentive policies. • Vaccination intention among heterosexual men is significantly lower than among women in the same age group, a symptom that there would still be room for awareness-raising interventions on the issue.

A simulation study on visual preview control of vehicle magnetorheological suspension

Abstract At present, the boom in intelligent vehicles, especially automotives, has brought magnetorheological (MR hereinafter) suspensions into further focus. Generally, traditional MR suspensions work with acceleration sensors to respond with a non-negligible time delay issue due to the inductive property of MR damper (MRD hereinafter), which hinders their full performance especially at high-speed driving with a powerless “blind zone”. To address this issue, this study proposes a simulation study on visual preview control for vehicle MR suspension based on MPC (Model Predictive Control), since the road preview is able to compensate the time delay due to the future road information perceived in advance. First, a camera with a computer vision algorithm is employed to preview road information of target type, target size and distance to wheels. Besides, the error correction of radial and tangential distortions of camera lens are investigated, and the trajectory of wheels are predicted by a cycloid model because MR suspension only needs to respond to the road targets that the wheels will pass over. Further, the area in front of the vehicle is divided into a recognition zone and action zone, and the road targets within action zone (<1.5 m) are calculated more precisely for a prepared immediate response from the MR suspension. Then, the performance of a simulating vehicle MR suspension is investigated through a joint simulation by the automotive simulation software CarSim and the model-solving Simulink. The evident results show that the MR suspension with visual preview control performs the best in ride comfort (mean square values of sprung mass acceleration is 82% and 52% lower compared to a passive suspension and a MR suspension with skyhook control, respectively). Therefore, the visual preview control strategy of MR suspension is able to enhance the performance on the discrete road conditions.

Recommendations for Protective Actions Based on Projected Public Health Risks Following a Postulated Nuclear Power Plant Accident

This study conducted a regional assessment of the environmental and health consequences due to the release of radionuclides, including the most harmful, such as Cs-137 and I-131, from a hypothetical reactor accident at the first Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, in Turkiye under different meteorological conditions. Simulations of the atmospheric flow were done using a Gaussian-based probabilistic model. Based on the estimated air and land contamination, radiation doses and cancer risks to the population were calculated. The assessment results were then compared with the criteria for protective actions in the event of a radioactive release and were subsequently used to assess the sufficiency of the Precautionary Action Zone (PAZ) and Urgent Protective Zone (UPZ) provided by regulations. The assessment indicated that evacuation outside the UPZ would likely be required during the early phase of the emergency, while sheltering indoors might be necessary up to 80 km. Protective actions such as restrictions on being outdoors or iodine prophylaxis are needed far beyond the radius of the UPZ. These results provide important insights into safe protective measures to reduce the risk of radiation-related cancer when considering a hypothetical severe nuclear accident. In addition, the results of this study aim to improve the current nuclear emergency response program and support nuclear decision-making.

Coupling Mechanism of Multiple-Thermal-Fluid Multi-Cycle Stimulation in Ultra-Heavy-Oil Reservoirs

Multiple-thermal-fluid (MTF) stimulation technology has been successfully applied in heavy-oil reservoir development, resulting in the significant enhancement of oil production. However, the underlying mechanism of multi-component coupling remains unclear. This paper constructs a coupling model for MTF stimulation, investigates the coupling mechanism of different media in various zones during multiple-cycle stimulation operations, and compares the implementation effect with field results. The findings reveal that (1) based on media distribution, the area from near-wellbore to far well locations can be divided into four zones: high-temperature oil-viscosity-reduction zones, compound action zones, energy-replenishment zones, and unaffected zones. (2) In the high-temperature oil-viscosity-reduction zone, the latent heat of vaporization is released by steam, and ultra-heavy oil absorbs heat and reduces its viscosity, which plays a dominant role in the production of MTF. In the compound action zone, hot water, CO2, and N2 exhibit a synergistic effect which enhances overall performance. In the energy-replenishment zone, a small amount of N2 provides pressure maintenance and an additional energy supply. (3) As more cycles of stimulation are conducted, the compound action zone expands, while the energy-replenishment zone contracts. Simultaneously, there is a decrease in contribution rate from the high-temperature viscosity-reduction zone to oil production but an increase from both the compound action zone and energy-replenishment zone up to 30%. Based on the dynamic law of representative wells, this paper proposes a multi-media zonal coupling mechanism, providing a reference for subsequent research on MTF stimulation mechanisms and the adjustment of production measures.

Regulation of molten pool in borosilicate glass welding with picosecond laser based on multifocal shaping

Glass welding based on ultrafast laser is an effective method to achieve glass packaging. However, there are some problems in ultrafast laser glass welding, such as laser energy loss caused by the fact that the molten material generated by part of the laser energy cannot enter the gap to participate in welding, and microcracks. In this paper, borosilicate glass welding was conducted with high uniformity horizontal multi-focus based on an improved Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm proposed for the first time, which can effectively improve uniformity from 74 % to 99.8 %. By compressing the energy distribution of the beam propagation direction and increasing the energy distribution perpendicular to it, the formation of the molten pool can be regulated to prevent excessive longitudinal expansion of the laser action zone, resulting in a 75 % increase in weld width. Moreover, stress distribution can be reshaped to suppress the generation of microcracks. These advantages have a significant driving effect on the engineering application of this technology.

Study on Dynamic Evolution and Erosion Characteristics of Cavitation Clouds in Submerged Cavitating Water Jets

The dynamic evolution behavior of submerged water jet cavitation clouds was studied by combining experiments and simulation. The formation, development, shedding, and collapsing process of a void cloud was analyzed by high-speed camera technology, and the influence of jet pressure was studied. Cavitation water jet erosion experiments were carried out on AL6061 specimens with standard cylindrical nozzles, and the correlation between cavitation cloud evolution and material erosion was studied by surface analysis. The results showed that the evolution of a cavitation cloud has obvious periodicity, that one period is about 0.8 ms, and its action region can be divided according to the attenuation rate of the jet velocity of the nozzle axis. The attenuation rate of the jet velocity at the nozzle axis in the central jet action zone is less than or equal to 82.5%, in the mixed action zone greater than 82.5% and less than 96%, and in the cavitation action zone greater than or equal to 96%. The erosion damage characteristics in different regions of the mixed action zone are significantly different.

Final pass and its relationship with final action for the creation of goal-scoring opportunities at EURO 2020

The purpose of this research was to study EURO 2020 goal scoring opportunities by recording the technique of the final pass, the technique of the final action and their zone of execution. A sub-objective was to test the relationship between the technique and zone of the final-pass, but also the relationship between the final-pass zone, the zone of final-action and its efficiency. The parameters studied were, a) the final pass zone, b) the final pass technique, c) the final action zone, and d) the result of the final action. Data collection was done with SportScout software. The correlation between variables was tested using the Crosstabs analysis and the Chi-Square statistic criterion. The results showed that most of the final passes were made from the zone outside the 18-yard box and the most common techniques used were the medium-range and the short-range passes. The independence or homogeneity test showed that the type of final pass was significantly influenced by the zone in which it was executed. The same was the case with the final action zone, which appeared to be significantly affected by the final pass zone. However, the effectiveness of the attacks depended only on the zone of final action (the final actions were more effective when taken from the zone between the six-yard box area and the penalty spot). An assessment of the opportunities that lead to goals and how they are created can help identify the tactical factors that increase efficiency and lead to more goals being scored.

Effect of Local Pressurization on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Flywheel Housing with Complex Shape.

In this work, squeeze casting experiments of flywheel housing components with a large wall thickness difference and a complex shape were carried out with AlSi9Mg aluminum alloy. The defects, microstructures, and mechanical properties under different process parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the local pressurization process was applied to the thick-walled positions to force-feed the cast defects. The mechanical properties and microstructures at these positions were analyzed. The results showed that the surface quality of formed components was good and that local pressurization could effectively reduce the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity in thick walls, but the scope and effect of forced feeding were limited. The optimum process parameters were a pouring temperature of 650 °C, a specific pressure of 48 MPa, a mold temperature of 220 °C, a local pressurization of 800 MPa, and pressure delay times of 15 s (side A) and 17 s (side B). The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the formed component under validation experiments of the optimum process parameters were 201 MPa, 103 MPa, and 5.1%. Meanwhile, the fine grains of primary α-Al were mainly rosette and equiaxed grains, and the average grain size was about 40 μm. The microstructure of the eutectic silicon was acicular and was prone to segregation under pressure. According to profile morphology, the positions after pressurization were divided into a deformation zone, a direct action zone, and an indirect action zone. The coexistence of as-cast and plastic deformation microstructures was observed. The effect of local pressurization mainly involved a change in the solidification process, plastic deformation, and forced feeding.

Dihydrobenzothiazole coupled N-piperazinyl acetamides as antimicrobial agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies.

Substituted saturated N-heterocycles have gained momentum as effective scaffolds for the development of new drugs. In this study, we coupled partly saturated benzothiazoles with substituted piperazines and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. Following a three-step reaction sequence from commercially available cyclic 1,3-diones, a series of novel 2-[4-substituted-1-piperazinyl]-N-(7-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamides (7a-af) were synthesised. 2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-benzo[d]thiazol-7(4H)-ones, obtained through the condensation of cyclohexane-1,3-diones with thiourea, were acetylated with chloroacetic chloride and then reacted with N-substituted piperazines 6a-p to give the desired products 7a-af in excellent yields. All 32 new compounds were fully characterised by their 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C-NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectra. The synthetic compounds 7a-af were tested in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobials against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella typhi, respectively, as well as against fungal strains, including Candida albicans 3018 and C. albicans 4748. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole served as the reference drugs. While compounds 7c and 7l showed inhibition against fungal strains with zones of inhibition of 11 and 1 mm, respectively, four analogues (7d, 7l, 7n, and 7r) demonstrated strong antibacterial action (zone of inhibition in the range of 10-15 mm). Three compounds (7j, 7l, and 7w) also exhibited moderate antitubercular activity (MIC: 6.25 µg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Molecular docking investigations and the predicted physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties for the potent compounds made this scaffold useful as a pharmacologically active framework for the development of potential antimicrobial hits.

АСПЕКТИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ПРАВИЛ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЗІТКНЕННЯ СУДЕН

The study is devoted to the development of proposals that would allow for a more complete consideration of the requirements for actions to avoid ships in various situations. On the basis of the analysis of methods for ensuring safe avoidance it is established that the most suitable variant of setting safety limits can be considered as target domains. It is noted that when passing by target at long distance, it is necessary to take into account in domain the features of own ship and that target. The first vessel is considered as a point when solving the problems of collision avoidance in this case. When it is necessary to pass by at a short distance, the size of the own ship is not taken into account in the target domains. Own ship is represented as a rectangle with sides equal to her length and width. It is noted that the most appropriate way to prevent collisions with navigational obstacles is to use the boundaries of safe bearing, distances, lanes, depths (isobaths, "no go areas" contours) in onboard collision avoidance systems. These boundaries should be stored in the system memory. An indicator for determining the significance of a change in course or/and speed is proposed. The method is chosen and the duration of maneuver calculation is found with its help, at which the results obtaining will be considered in real time. The necessity to disregard point (b) in COLREGs Rule 14 when automatically determining the type of situations is justified, as its taking into account reduces the number of existing variants of approaching ships with the risk of collision on opposite courses. A refined list of binary situations affecting the choice of maneuvers in free waters in normal visibility is presented. The actions answering the binary situations and not contradicting COLREGs are proposed for power driven ships and vessels with different navigational status in free waters in normal visibility. Eight types of acceptable action zones were identified and prioritized to select maneuvers in the presence of moving and stationary obstacles. The maneuver option is selected in the zone with the highest priority. Keywords: collision avoidance, domain of danger, binary situations, compliance with COLREGs, zones of acceptable actions

Improved path planning method for unmanned aerial vehicles based on artificial potential field

With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and its widespread use in many facets of manufacturing and daily life, the need for UAV mission automation is becoming more and more practical. In order to improve the automatic obstacle avoidance and path planning performance of UAVs, this essay proposes an optimized route planning algorithm based on the artificial potential field (APF) method, which have solved the typical issue of the APF. This method chooses to conduct a pre planning trajectory of the UAV based on a rapidly expanding random tree (RRT). The pre-planned path will be split into continuous particles, and then generating intermediate waypoints. A nearby waypoint offers a gravitational force to aid the UAV in escaping the local minimum when it enters it. At the same time, taking the distance from the UAV to the obstacle and the radius of influence of the obstacle itself into consideration, dynamically adjust the gravitational and repulsive coefficients, set up a non-gravitational zone around the obstacle, which is beneficial for the UAV to elude the obstacle. And set up a repulsive limited action zone to reduce unnecessary turns in the trajectory to achieve the effect of path optimization. Considering the difficulty of single UAV missions in most cases, this paper discusses cooperative flight path planning for multiple UAVs into consideration.

Оцінка наслідків застосування тактичної ядерної зброї на населення та інфраструктуру в районах ядерного вибуху

The article analyzes the process of formation and establishes the characteristics of the striking factors of a nuclear explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition with a power of 0.1 to 10 kt when damaging military facilities and the accompanying damage to the population of civilian communities and personnel of infrastructure facilities. Calculated are data on the parameters of air shock wave action zones, penetrating radiation flow, light pulse energy beam flow, and the dimensions of the zone of radioactive contamination of the area, which can create a negative impact on the population, residential buildings, personnel, and critical infrastructure facilities in the area of application of tactical nuclear weapons. It is shown that the zone affected by an air shock wave, depending on the type of explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition and its power, can reach a radius of up to 3100 m. Dangerous light pulse damage to the population and personnel located in the open area will be observed at a distance of 440 to 3700 m from the epicenter of the nuclear explosion. The negative impact of the penetrating radiation of a nuclear explosion on the population and personnel of critical infrastructure facilities will be observed at distances from 560 to 1300 m, depending on the type of explosion and the power of the tactical nuclear ammunition. The dimensions of the zone of radioactive contamination, in the case of the explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition, in which the most severe degree of radiation damage to the population and personnel of critical infrastructure objects will be observed, with their open location in the area, depending on the power and type of explosion, can reach from 1400 to 2600 m. And the zone in which it is necessary to carry out the priority immediate evacuation of the population can be from 3.4 to 44.0 km in the direction of the average wind. It was determined that the scale of radioactive contamination of the area will have the greatest values of the size of the areas of negative impact relative to other types of impressive factors of the nuclear explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition. In large areas of the regions adjacent to the area of application of the specified ammunition, a significant negative radiation effect will be created, which will require measures of radiation protection and evacuation of the population.

Water and salt migration characterization in NaHCO3 saline soils during unidirectional freezing conditions

In cold regions, the eutectic action of the NaHCO3-H2O binary system during the freezing process affects the migration of water and salt in NaHCO3 saline soils. This study aims to investigate the migration of water and salt in open and closed systems, utilizing unidirectional freezing tests with different salt contents. By considering the phase diagram of pore solution and phase transition theory, two phase-change paths can be observed in NaHCO3 saline soils during freezing. These paths result in different migration patterns for water and salt, depending on the salt and water content conditions of the samples. The theoretical and experimental results both validate that water migrates from the unfrozen zone towards the eutectic action and ice crystallization zone during the freezing process. Under low-salinity conditions, salt migrates from the ice crystallization zone towards the eutectic action and unfrozen zone. Conversely, under high-salinity conditions, salt migrates from the unfrozen zone towards the eutectic action. Moreover, it is observed that a high salt content hinders water migration.

Diagnostics of Layer-by-Layer Biotissue Evaporation in the Process of Two-Coordinate Scanning by a Laser Beam for Precision Surgery

The use of automated and robotic systems for precision low-traumatic surgery is a common trend in modern medicine. One of the promising tools for such operations is an automated laser scalpel based on a scanner with real-time diagnostics of the process of biotissue evaporation. The paper investigates the possibility of operational Doppler diagnostics of layer-by-layer laser evaporation of biomodels. A surgical CO 2 laser with a two-coordinate scanning system was used as a scalpel. The method of autodyne detection of backscattered radiation coming from the laser action zone was used to diagnose the evaporation process. Samples based on Difco agar with different water content and various tissues of pigs in vitro were used as biomodels. The depth of evaporation, the zone of thermal damage of the samples, and the dynamics of the autodyne signal were studied depending on the scanning modes and parameters of laser radiation. It has been shown that the autodyne signal arising from the layer-by-layer evaporation of samples is sensitive to the water content of biomodels and the structural features of the tissue. Autodyne diagnostics of layer-by-layer laser scanning makes it possible to control the evaporation process of biotissue of the same type and to determine the boundaries between tissues of different types both in the scanning plane and in the tissue depth. The obtained results can be used in the developing technologies for automated laser layer-by-layer evaporation of biological tissues in relation to the precision low-traumatic surgery tasks.

Phase Comparison Protection of Parallel Power Lines

The known transverse protections of two parallel power transmission lines are briefly analyzed. A protection that is free from their shortcomings but retains their inherent advantages is suggested. It detects a faulty line from the ratio of the phase angle shifts between the current equal to the difference of currents in the same phases of the first (second) and second (first) lines and the current in the same phase of the first (second) line). It is shown that the cascade action zone of the proposed protection is no more than 11 % of the line length due to monitoring the presence of current in the lines and the ratio of the modulus of the difference between the absolute values of the currents in the same phases to their sum. The technique for choosing the protection actuation parameters is described. The protection operation algorithm is formulated and written in switching algebra symbols. Its implementations using microprocessor and semiconductor devices are given. The protection operation in different modes is analyzed by mental and computer simulations. Time curves constructed in the MatLab environment confirm the protection performance. The results of comparison of the suggested protection with the most advanced ones of the known protections are presented.

Shear friction and fracture based model for reinforced concrete beams with recycled materials

Shear resistance by beams without stirrups presents the transfer of shear and normal principal stresses across the open cracks within reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The complexity of the shear mechanism is further complicated by the distorted structure of RCA, which is composed of hardened adhered surface mortar and virgin aggregate. Compression field theory (CFT) postulates a series of curves for shear-loaded beams to signify the transfer of tensile and compressive stresses in concrete beams across developed shear cracks. Special attention is given to beams with recycled materials, which do not necessarily give the same strength as virgin aggregate. A numerical shear model is developed that accounted for the fracture characteristics, modes I and II of the beam containing RCA along the primary crack path from dowel action, aggregate interlock, and uncracked compression zone of the beam. The model captures the correlation of shear arm ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, maximum coarse aggregate size, and concrete strength. The study model was validated using experimental results from 139 concrete beams containing RCA without stirrups. The strength ratio resulted in mean of 1.32 with a standard deviation of 0.48, a coefficient of variation of 36.8% and R-squared value of 0.65. The statistical evaluations of the model were compared with the other nine (9) theoretical models by authors and codes of practice. The developed model predicted a relatively higher shear strength value due to the inclusion of contribution from dowel action, aggregate interlock and compression zone.

The special mechanisms of quasi-complexation and enhanced effect of “·OH action zone” in activated carbon combined ozonation

Activated carbon (AC) is an excellent adsorbent and is widely employed as a catalyst in catalytic ozonation. However, the massive change in surface oxygen groups on AC before and after ozonation in this research indicated that AC was not a real catalyst. Moreover, the lower oxalic acid removal effect and the observed hydroxyl radicals (·OH) accumulative amount of pre-oxidative AC combined ozonation confirmed that AC functioned as an activator. We investigated the removal trend of oxalic acid in AC-activated ozonation under different pH, and it was consistent with its adsorption via adjusting the oxalic acid adsorbed on AC. Despite the accumulation concentration of ·OH reaching the highest value at pH = 4.7, the activated ozonation did not perform best. Considering the extremely short life of ·OH in an aqueous solution, an “action zone” existed, which was the effective region for ·OH to react with organics. This result proved that the AC adsorption would concentrate organics in the “action zone”, thus improving the degradation of organic contaminants. The solution containing oxalic acid had a higher accumulative concentration of ·OH than without oxalic acid, which meant a previously neglected pathway existed to produce ·OH. In addition, C2O4·- was reported in the solution containing AC, oxalic acid, and oxygen. Thus, the quasi-complexation reaction might occur between AC, oxalic acid, and oxygen. Overall, this study disclosed distinct mechanisms due to AC adsorption in the AC combined ozonation system.

Health Action Zones in Sicily: a model to identify social and health inequalities

Health Action Zones in Sicily: a model to identify social and health inequalities

Vectorial-Criterion-BasedAssessment of Ecological State ofthe Natural-Engineering System

The article deals with the issues of assessing the ecological state of the territory of natural-engineering systems as the critical indicator of their stability. A brief analysis of the natural environment pollution assessment criteria based upon the scalar convolutions of ecological monitoring data arrays is provided. It is stated that neglecting mutual correlation of the pollution indicators being measured in the course of ecological monitoring reduced informative value of the mentioned criteria. Instructional aspects of plotting the territory pollution assessment criterion based upon dimension reduction and de-correlation of the ecological monitoring data array is presented. The results of monitoring the soil mantle pollution at the territory of the local natural-engineering system comprising the chemical weapons destruction facility and the natural environment within the boundaries of the protective action zone are taken as the example. The results of use of the Principal Components Analysis for dimension reduction and de-correlation of the monitoring data array are presented. The possibility of substituting three principal components for eleven pollution indicators without sacrificing the acceptable informative value of description is presented. Switch to orthogonal basis in the principal components’ space allows reviewing the values of the latter at the point as the projection in general case of a multi-dimensional vector which is called the damage vector and can be used as the integrated indicator of pollution. The options of pollution assessment on the basis of comparison of the current and initial moduli of the pollution vector as well as with the use of the surface of critical pollutions is considered. The possibility to simplify the structure of neural networks for forecasting the pollution degree by means of the neural network’s single output parameter in the form of the pollution vector is provided. The example of using the neural network trained on the soil mantle background monitoring data for forecasting the current soil pollution at the points of the protective action zone is provided. A perceptron having one hidden layer describes satisfactorily the distribution of the pollution vector over the territory five years after the man-made facility has been commissioned is demonstrated.

Advanced treatment of industrial wastewater by ozonation with iron-based monolithic catalyst packing: From mechanism to application

An Fe-based catalyst was prepared by oxidising waste Fe shavings directly in a solution. In engineering applications, Fe shavings were compressed and modified to form Fe-based monolithic catalyst packing. Both of which exhibited excellent catalytic activity in catalytic ozonation industrial wastewater after biochemical treatment. Fe-based monolithic catalyst packing has irregular channels, large porosity, small pore diameter, and the effective specific surface area (SSA) up to 3500 m2/m3, these characteristics are conducive to mass transfer, and promote the effective utilisation of •OH in the catalyst “action zone”. A tower reactor (<3000 m3/d) and reinforced concrete construction reactor (>5000 m3/d) were designed according to the wastewater flow. Regression analysis showed that hydraulic residence time (HRT) and O3/CODin are important parameters in engineering design and operation. In addition, strategies for the application of Fe-based monolithic catalyst packing to wastewater with high salinity and high inorganic carbon concentration have been proposed. Fe-based monolithic catalyst packing catalytic ozonation is a relatively cost-effective and eco-friendly process with extremely broad application prospects in the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater.