Team Activation Research Articles

ReSpool: Scaling a circular supply chain for recycled textiles

AbstractReSpool is a transdisciplinary partnership among academia, government, industry, and nonprofit entities created in 2022 to develop and demonstrate a transferable model for the recycling of postconsumer textile and apparel waste into new textile products. ReSpool's engineering and creative teams have innovated proprietary technologies including the Fiber Shredder, which enables textile‐to‐fiber shredding for high‐value applications, and a set of processes for the manufacture of yarns and nonwoven textiles from recycled fibers. ReSpool's circular supply chains begin with discarded clothing collected by Goodwill organizations in the two test regions and involves partnerships with Goodwill to recruit and train workers and install in‐house recycling operations. ReSpool then works with textile manufacturers and home goods and apparel retailers on high‐value applications through waste‐led materials and product development. ReSpool takes a systems‐based approach to sustainability research and problem‐solving. This article briefly overviews the “systems thinking” framework and demonstrates how core principles of this framework structure the team's objectives, activities, and innovations. Finally, the article contributes to current debates regarding systems thinking and circularity by presenting a rationale for systems‐based sustainability research and practice ratcheted to regional systems. By focusing on regional factors, connections, and opportunities, ReSpool aims to maximize its flexibility, relevance, and impact while enabling tailored replication of the model across diverse communities. In this way, ReSpool offers an innovative, circular materials model for the textile and apparel industries, turning textile waste into a source of business innovation, sustainable economic development, and skills training for communities across the country.

Pre-injury frailty and clinical care trajectory of older adults with trauma injuries: A retrospective cohort analysis of A large level I US trauma center.

Pre-injury frailty among older adults with trauma injuries is a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine the relationship between frailty status and the care trajectories of older adult patients who underwent frailty screening in the emergency department (ED). Using a retrospective cohort design, we pooled trauma data from a single institutional trauma database from August 2020 to June 2023. We limited the data to adults 65 years and older, who had trauma injuries and frailty screening at ED presentation (N = 2,862). The predictor variable was frailty status, measured as either robust (score 0), pre-frail (score 1-2), or frail (score 3-5) using the FRAIL index. The outcome variables were measures of clinical care trajectory: trauma team activation, inpatient admission, ED discharge, length of hospital stay, in-hospital death, home discharge, and discharge to rehabilitation. We controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance type, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, injury type and severity, and Glasgow Coma Scale score. We performed multivariable logistic and quantile regressions to measure the influence of frailty on post-trauma care trajectories. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 80 (8.9) years, and the population was predominantly female (64%) and non-Hispanic White (60%). Compared to those classified as robust, those categorized as frail had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.86-3.23), 3.1 (95% CI: 2.28-4.12), and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.23-0.42) times the adjusted odds of trauma team activation, inpatient admission, and ED discharge, respectively. Also, those classified as frail had significantly longer lengths of hospital stay as well as 3.7 (1.07-12.62), 0.4 (0.28-0.47), and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.71-2.91) times the odds of in-hospital death, home discharge, and discharge to rehabilitation, respectively. Pre-injury frailty is a predictor of clinical care trajectories for older adults with trauma injuries.

Quality improvement frameworks for veterinary practice: getting started

Quality improvement is a continuous process aimed at improving care and outcomes for patients. It is also about encouraging team members to learn from everything that happens – good or bad. Before setting out to improve quality, it is useful to see what quality healthcare is made up of and how these areas are interdependant. To be successful, quality improvement has to be a whole team activity, so getting the team on board from the start is vital. Encouraging the team to discuss what their personal concerns are and prioritising areas for improvement are important. Implementing quality improvement in practice involves good communication; it is vital that the team are aware of and involved in quality improvement activities in the practice. This article covers setting the groundwork for quality improvement to be successful. Once these foundations are established, the team understand quality and safety, and is communicating effectively, then quality improvement tools and systems can be used. The second part of this article will cover how to successfully implement quality improvement tools and systems (such as clinical audit, checklists, care bundles, significant event audit and root cause analysis), how to consider human factors and systems thinking when implementing quality improvement projects and how to learn from everything that happens in practice.

Employer's Evaluation on People with Disability (PWD) Employees in the hospitality Industry: Basis for PWD recruitment and hiring policy

This research looks at what employers think about the benefits and challenges of hiring People with Disability (PWD) as employees. The study found that employers generally agreed that PWD employees are good at interacting with customers. They particularly appreciated how sensitive PWD employees are to customers' needs. However, some employers were concerned about delays in service caused by PWD employees. When it came to satisfaction, employers were very happy with the professionalism of PWD employees. In terms of loyalty, employers believed that hiring PWD employees helps build long-term loyalty to the company and they were more likely to rehire PWD employees because of their commitment. Employers also felt that employing PWDs had a positive impact on team morale. Regarding the performance of PWD employees, most employers thought they were active in team activities, but they did not see them contributing much to new ideas or innovations. The most common benefits of hiring PWD employees were promoting social responsibility and attracting loyal customers. On the other hand, encouraging innovation and adaptability was the least mentioned benefit. As for the challenges, the biggest concerns were technological barriers that limited how effectively PWD employees could assist customers and delays in service. Negative attitudes from PWD employees were the least mentioned challenge.

Measurement of neutron source anisotropy using the Mini Labyrinth experimental setup

Abstract The Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava is actively engaged in research on application of neutron sources and shielding. These neutron sources are regularly utilized for educational purposes and international research projects. Most current activities take place in the Laboratory of Reactor Physics, using Pu–Be, Am–Be, and Cf-252 neutron sources. The Mini Labyrinth is one of the most frequently used experiments. Since 2020, five versions have been developed and used for various purposes. In the previous activities of the research team, the measurements were usually compared with simulations using high-fidelity simulation codes. These comparisons identified two important effects that may influence the experiments and the simulations: room effects and source anisotropy. In this paper, we focus on determining the axial and radial anisotropy of the IBN-10 Pu–Be neutron source through two simple experiments and simulation tasks using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulation tools, MCNP6 and Monaco. The aim of this study is to determine the uncertainty that represents the geometry effects influencing the source emission rate.

An exploratory study on domain knowledge infusion in deep learning for automated threat defense

The wide adoption of interconnected services leads to the creation of supportive solutions and business opportunities. Conversely, this new paradigm is targeted by malicious activities, aiming to compromise systems’ confidentiality, integrity, and availability. However, advanced methods lack contextual awareness, which prevents their deployment to real-world systems. Considering that the process of making informed decisions stems from the expertise of analysts based on their experience, the use of cybersecurity domain knowledge has the potential to improve Deep Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning operations in real scenarios. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study and evaluate the use of Knowledge Infused Learning in the context of automated threat defense. We define how cybersecurity domain knowledge can be infused into Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning, highlighting the main challenges and benefits. Besides, we present a roadmap to apply domain knowledge for red and blue teaming activities and discuss the implications of Knowledge Infused Learning in explainability, and actionable reporting. Finally, we list the open challenges to guide the development of next-generation security solutions.

Formation of the readiness of future physical education teachers to organize competitive activities in sports games

This article attempts to reveal the content of the formation of readiness of future physical education teachers to organize competitive activities in sports games. Through the analysis of the literature, it was found that the effectiveness of the activities of future physical education teachers is determined by the coherence of team actions in competitions; the trainer-teacher must have high professionalism (high level of knowledge and skills); the preparation of future physical education teachers to organize competitive activities of students should be carried out at the stage of professional training in higher education institutions; the professional training of future physical education teachers should have a systematic and holistic approach. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and practice helped to develop criteria and indicators of the formation of readiness of future physical education teachers to organize competitive activities in sports games. Cognitive (knowledge about the organization of competitive activities in sports games, students' understanding of the importance of the formation of readiness and personal self-determination); emotional-value (a conscious interest of higher education students to be ready to organize competitive sports activities through the establishment of personal self-determination); voluntary impulse (the readiness of students to take responsibility, to act independently during the organization of competitive sports activities despite doubts (completion of an act); activity (the ability of higher education students to overcome challenges in the process of organizing competitive sports activities, the ability to implement ideas into practical sports activities).

Is Transformational Military Leadership Out There? An Exploratory Research Study of Military Teams in Action

Transformational leadership has entered the doctrines of many militaries and has become a fundamental aspect of military training and an aspiration in military practice. However, prior research has not sought to analyze the in situ doing of leadership on combat zone service. To address this research gap, using video and audio-recordings of Danish soldiers on combat service in Afghanistan in 2018, this article takes an inductive and qualitative discursive approach to leadership. More specifically, it investigates the extent to which behaviors associated with transformational leadership are observable in the in situ practice of army teams. We present this article as exploratory research which analyzes what is happening in a limited number of cases to come up with tentative conclusions that suggest avenues for further research that may be investigated in more extensive studies.

Translation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI) in Nursing Students.

Background/Objectives: Team-based learning is an educational strategy that promotes active learning and student engagement through structured team activities. It contrasts with traditional teaching models by emphasizing student preparation and collaboration. The TBL-SAI is a reliable and valid instrument designed to evaluate students' attitudes towards TBL, assessing dimensions such as accountability, preference for lecture or team-based learning, and satisfaction with TBL. Validating the TBL-SAI in different languages ensures its applicability and accuracy in diverse educational contexts, supporting the global adoption of TBL methodologies. Thus far, no Italian validation of this tool has been performed. The aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI) among nursing students. Methods: A methodological-driven translation process and a cross-sectional study design were used. The study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 and involved 202 nursing students from the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy). Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants who had experienced at least one TBL session during the academic year 2022/2023. The validation process included translation, back-translation, and expert panel review, followed by a pilot test to ensure clarity and comprehension. Data were collected using the self-administered TBL-SAI. The responses were analyzed using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to assess the scale's validity and McDonald's ω to evaluate internal consistency. Results: The ESEM results supported the validity of the Italian TBL-SAI, maintaining the factor structure proposed in the original instrument. The model fit indices indicated a good fit (χ2(318) = 384.097, p = 0.0065; RMSEA = 0.032; CFI = 0.974; TLI = 0.957). McDonald's ω values exceeded 0.70 for all factors, confirming adequate internal consistency. Conclusions: This study successfully validated the Italian version of the TBL-SAI, demonstrating its reliability and validity for assessing perceptions of TBL among Italian undergraduate nursing students. However, future studies should employ Confirmatory Factor Analysis to further test the proposed factor structure and explore the instrument's applicability in various educational settings. The validated TBL-SAI is recommended for use in evaluating students' attitudes towards TBL, providing actionable feedback for educators to improve teaching methods and integrate TBL methodologies effectively.

Nurse worry as a trigger for rapid response team activation improving outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in non-critical units.

Patients hospitalized outside of monitored environments may experience sudden clinical worsening requiring transfer to the Intensive Care Unit. Early detection based on the clinical nurse's identification of the risk of clinical deterioration represents an opportunity to prevent serious adverse events. Nurse worry is defined as the use of clinical reasoning combined with intuition that precedes the patient's clinical deterioration. The objective of this study was to evaluate nurse worry as a trigger for rapid response team activation in patients hospitalized in non-critical units and its association with the need in ICU admission. This retrospective cohort study utilized data retrieved from an anonymized institutional database used to monitor the actions of the rapid response team. Data collected from January 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed, encompassing patients over 18 years old admitted to non-critical units and evaluated by the rapid response team. Analyzed variables included demographic characteristics, MEWS score, and causes for activating the rapid response team, such as changes in vital signs and nurse worry. Main outcomes assessed were transfer to the ICU, medical procedures, and drug administration. Patients were divided into three groups for analysis: those triggered for RRT assessment exclusively by changes in vital signs, those triggered exclusively by nurse worry and those triggered by the nurse worry combined with changes in vital signs. A total of 4634 rapid response team consultations were included, with 1574 triggered by changes in vital signs, 1263 triggered by nurse worry and 1797 triggered by the nurse worry associated with changes in vital signs. The group with nurse concern showed a lower need for transfers to the ICU (40%) compared to the group with changes in vital signs (50%) p < 0.001 although there was no difference in relation to the need for medical procedures,17% in both groups. The NW emerges as a relevant factor in triggering RRT and may be associated with improved outcomes, such as reduced need for ICU transfers. However, the observational design of the study does not allow for establishing causal relationships.

The evolution of pediatric transgender healthcare in Flanders: Trends in referrals, intakes and gender-affirming interventions over the last 15 years

Purpose The expanding number of minors questioning their gender identity and seeking care has led to the constitution of pediatric gender clinics in several countries. The activity of the multidisciplinary Pediatric Gender Team at Ghent University Hospital, Belgium started in 2007. We report on the evolution of referrals, psychological intakes, and trends in the start of gender-affirming medical and surgical interventions from 2007 to 2023. Methods The whole cohort of minors (age <17 years) having a psychological intake between 2007 and 2023 was included. Subgroups were analyzed based on sex registered at birth (female or male, RFAB and RMAB respectively), year and age at the psychological intake (below or above 10 years). Results Referrals have increased in recent years. Between 2007 and 2023, 890 minors (65.5% RFAB) accessed our service. The ratio RFAB/RMAB has progressively increased, and RFAB with age at first intake >10 represented the greatest proportion. After 12 months, 19.5% were no longer in follow-up at our center; 28.1% of RFAB and 47.2% of RMAB did not start any medical treatment; 66.9% of RFAB and 52.8% of RMAB started gonadal hormone suppression (GHS), achieved with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues in 17.7% of RFAB and 34.6% of RMAB, with pro-androgenic progestins in 82.3% of RFAB and with anti-androgens in 65.4% of RMAB. 74.6% of RFAB and 86.4% of RMAB on GHS and older than 16 started gender-affirming hormones. Mastectomy was the most common gender-affirming surgery in RFAB, followed by hystero-gonadectomy. Gender-affirming surgery in RMAB was less frequent; vaginoplasty was the most frequent procedure. Conclusions The care of minors with gender incongruence requires a multidisciplinary approach due to the complex psychological, social, and physical needs of this group. The timing and therapeutical options must be tailored to each adolescent.

OS DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ENFERMAGEM NO MANEJO DA COVID-19 DURANTE O ATENDIMENTO EM UPAS

The present study aimed to list the main challenges faced by health professionals in Emergency Care Units (UPAS) in the period pandemic, as well as the effects that these can have on the lives of professional’s emergencies in the same course. The interest in the topic arose due to the fact that the pandemic in Brazil and the world which had serious consequences for the general public, correlating it with effects on UPAS considered points of reference in the provision of urgent and emergency assistance. This is an integrative review of the literature, in which twelve articles published in the last ten years were selected and filtered by DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors): Urgency; Emergency; COVID-19 and Pandemic, between the months of May to December 2020 in electronic databases: US National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar For results and discussions, twelve publications that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. In this way, it is possible to highlight how important the work of these health professionals was and emphasize how the execution of team activities was carried out each time increasingly important for safe care, both for the patient and the community in general.

Innovation and diversity in public health team engagement in local alcohol premises licensing: qualitative interview findings from the ExILEnS study.

Evidence suggests that controls on the physical and temporal availability of alcohol can reduce alcohol-related harms. Public health teams in England and Scotland have in recent years been given a statutory role in licensing systems through which premises are granted permits to sell alcohol. The Exploring the Impact of alcohol premises Licensing in England and Scotland study examined public health team efforts to engage in alcohol licensing from 2012 to 2019. We aimed to describe the range of public health team practice in engaging with alcohol licensing across England and Scotland, with a particular focus on unusual or innovative practices. Two sets of interviews were conducted with 20 public health teams in England and Scotland who were actively engaged in alcohol premises licensing. Firstly, representatives of each public health team with experience of licensing activity took part in structured face-to-face or telephone interviews (n = 41) and provided documentation to identify how and when their team engaged with alcohol premises licensing. Secondly, members of public health teams took part in in-depth one-to-one interviews (n = 28) which focused on individual roles and responsibilities. Relevant public health team activity was analysed quantitatively within 19 activities in 6 categories using the 'Public Health engagement In Alcohol Licensing' measure, as well as qualitatively using NVivo (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Innovative practices were identified using the highest Public Health engagement In Alcohol Licensing scores for specific activity types across single or multiple 6-month periods. Within each of the six activity categories, a range of practices were observed. More unusual practices included having a dedicated post to work full-time on alcohol licensing; developing a standardised reviewer tool allowing the team to respond to applications and provide the most relevant evidence in a consistent and systematic way; committing to additional scrutiny of occasional licences or temporary event notices; maintaining a detailed database recording applications made, whether the public health team decided to object and the outcome of the licensing board's decision; engaging with applicants prior to them submitting an application; visiting proposed/current licensed premises to gather bespoke data; leading the writing of local licensing policy; and working closely with licensing standards officers. Across six categories of public health team activity relating to the local alcohol premises licensing system, public health team practices varied, and some public health teams stood out as engaging in more innovative or intensive activities. The identified examples will be of value in informing public health team practice in what remains a relatively new area of work for many, despite limitations in the system. The inclusion of examples from both England and Scotland and from many public health teams will facilitate cross-fertilisation of ideas and practice across public health teams. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number 15/129/11.

State-Level Helmet Use Laws, Helmet Use, and Head Injuries in EMS Patients Involved in Motorcycle Collisions

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES Motorcycle helmets save lives and reduce serious injury after motorcycle collisions (MCC). In 2022, 18 states had laws requiring helmet use by motorcyclists aged ≥21 years. Our objective was to compare helmet use and head trauma in emergency medical services (EMS) patients involved in MCC in states with and without helmet use laws. METHODS We conducted an analysis of the 2022 ImageTrend Collaborate national EMS dataset. We included 9-1-1 responses where the patient was a motorcyclist in a transport accident (ICD-10 V20-V29) and aged ≥21 years. Patient demographics, incident urbanicity, helmet use, presence of state helmet use law, patient disposition, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and trauma team activations were examined. Our primary outcome of interest was EMS documentation of helmet use (yes/no). Our secondary outcome was the presence of a head injury. We examined EMS-documented head injury, defined using clinician impressions and chief complaint anatomical location. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in proportions, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate odds of moderate/severe head injury adjusted for covariates of interest. RESULTS A total of 15,891 patient encounters were included, 10,738 (67.6%) occurred in states without helmet use laws. States without helmet use laws had higher proportions of unhelmeted patients (56.8% vs 24.2%, p < 0.001), encounters in non-metro/rural areas (19.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001), and GCS-defined moderate/severe head injuries (4.6% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable model that included 10-yr age groups, sex, race, urbanicity, and documented helmet use, the adjusted odds of moderate/severe head injury were lower for females (0.47, 95%CI, 0.35-0.65) and Black patients (0.47, 95%CI 0.32-0.70), and were higher for incidents in nonmetro/rural areas (1.58, 95%CI 1.28-1.95) and when EMS had not documented helmet use (3.17, 95%CI 2.56-3.92) CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a higher proportion of patients involved in MCCs in states without helmet laws were not wearing helmets at the time of injury, and unhelemted patients had increased likelihood of sustaining a head injury. Emergency medical services agencies in states without helmet laws should prepare their systems and clinicians for an increased incidence of head injuries after MCCs.

Criteria to clear polytrauma patients with traumatic brain injury for safe definitive surgery (

Optimizing treatment strategies in polytrauma patients is a key focus in trauma research and timing of major fracture care remains one of the most actively discussed topics. Besides physiologic factors, associated injuries, and injury patterns also require consideration. For instance, the exact impact and relevance of traumatic brain injury on the timing of fracture care have not yet been fully investigated. In this retrospectively cohort study at a level one trauma center, patients requiring trauma team activations from 2015 to 2020 were screened. Patients with an injury severity score >16 and at least one body region requiring operative fixation were included. Patients who underwent their first definitive surgery <24 h were stratified as group SDS (Safe Definitive Surgery) and >24 h as group DFC (Delayed Fracture Care). Outcomes were early mortality (<72 h), SIRS and sepsis, timing to first definitive surgery and completed reconstruction, total number of surgeries, and factors influencing the surgical strategy (e.g., unstable physiology). Odds ratios for treatment strategies and influencing factors were calculated using the Fisher`s exact test with conditional maximum likelihood estimate. From a total of 901 patients screened, 239 were included in the analyzes (Group DFC: 151, Groups SDS: 88). Groups did not significantly differ regarding early mortality, SIRS and sepsis. Group SDS had a significantly lower mean number of operations (4.3 vs. 5.3; p = 0.037) and a significantly shorter mean time until completion of reconstructive operations (10 days vs. 15 days; p = 0.013). Unstable physiology and intracranial trauma sequelae with the necessity for neurosurgical interventions (NSI) were identified as most significant factors for delaying definitive fracture care (OR: 2.85; 95 % CIs: 1.56 to 5.33 and OR: 5.59; 95 % CIs: 1.63 to 29.85), while the presence of intracranial bleeding (IB) without NSI did not have a significant influence (OR: 1.21; 95 % CIs: 0.63 to 2.34). The necessity of NSI and unstable physiology are highly relevant factors for delaying definitive fracture care in polytrauma patients, while the presence of IB without NSI had less impact. In this cohort, early definitive fracture care in physiologically stable patients without NSI, was not associated with increased patient morbidity.

Efficacy of the Protocol for Trauma Team Activation in Taipei: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Trauma triage is the use of trauma assessment for prioritizing patients for treatment or transport by injury severity. According to Taiwan Public Health Report, accidents and their adverse events were the sixth leading cause of death and accounted for over 7000 casualties in 2009. However, a lack of accuracy in identifying the severity of a patient's injury and their prehospital information can result in inappropriate triage. This study evaluated the efficacy of field triage guidelines governing trauma team activation in Taipei and explored the characteristics of undertriaged and overtriaged patients. Methods: This study retrospectively observed all patients with trauma transported to the emergency department of a medical center by Taipei City public ambulance from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. A total of 2217 patients were included. The Cribari matrix method was used to assess undertriage and overtriage. A logistic regression was employed to analyze the effect of risk factors in patients with major trauma. Results: In this study, 320 and 1897 patients with trauma had full and limited trauma team activation, respectively. Among them, 664 patients with trauma were older than 65 years, and most of them were injured in a traffic accident. Among patients with major trauma, 24, 214, and 156 patients were aged < 20, 20-65, and > 65 years, respectively. A logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of less than 13, with systolic blood pressure level of less than 90, and with respiratory rate over 30 breaths per minute was more likely to be appropriately triaged. Conclusion: The Taipei prehospital field triage guidelines are acceptable but not an ideal tool for identifying patients with major trauma, with an overtriage rate of 48.12% and an undertriage rate of 12.03%. To decrease undertriage or overtriage rates, emergency medical service providers should receive comprehensive training.

Technical, social, psychological and ethical aspects of human-robot collaboration: a case study of the 'Robin Heart' medical robot

Objectives: The purpose of the research is to draw attention to the need for comprehensive scientific reflection on the technical, social, psychological and ethical aspects of human-machine cooperation on the example of the Robin Heart medical robot. Methods: The conclusions presented in the article are the result of non-reactive research based on the analysis of secondary sources - scientific literature. The method of scientific inference was inductive. Sources of information used to write this article, are interdisciplinary in nature: in the field of management sciences, psychology, sociology, ethics, management sciences and medical physics. Results: the value of the analysis is the author's assumption that medical robots (including "Robin Heart") are part of the "technology system". We point out the connections between humans (agent 1; agent 2) and technological artifacts (agent 3). The first agent is a person working in a medical facility, functioning in various roles: robot creator, programmer, device owner, operator, robot trainer. The second agent is a patient using a medical service. The third agent is a robot equipped with AI. It can be treated in two ways: as a significant "extension" of human abilities, or as an autonomous entity of medical action. Conclusions: The use of robots is another consequence of human evolution. We move from the stage of ordinary use to the stage of cooperation with them. Improving the human-machine relationship will probably dominate many years of activity of multi-disciplinary teams combining humanistic, biological and technical approaches. The obtained results show that it is necessary to build awareness of the technology system based on a holistic view that considers the integration of interdisciplinary achievements.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND PATTERNS OF TEAM INTERACTION

The article analyses domestic and foreign literature on psychological factors and patterns of team interaction. It highlights the differences between a team and a group, as well as the stages of team development. The key categories of an effective team are identified and examined sequentially: “interaction”, “joint activity”, and “personal factors of team members”. As a result of the theoretical analysis of these categories, the concept of “team interaction skill” is refined as the psychological readiness of its participants for joint activity and achieving a common result. The author presents a classification of the complex of personal traits and inter- personal processes involved in the team interaction skill, which includes: value-motivational, cognitive, emotional-volitional, and behavioural components of joint team activity that ensure its effectiveness. The results of the article will be useful to psychologists, educators, and managers in organising team forms of work and education.

Optimal Cutoff Values and Utility of High-Sensitivity Troponin T and NT-proBNP for the Risk Stratification of Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

Guidelines recommend using high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to risk stratify hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, there are no evidence-based cutoff values defined for this clinical application. We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with imaging-confirmed PE and hsTnT and/or NT-proBNP (ElecsysTM, Roche) measured 12 h before or 24 h after PE Response Team (PERT) activation. We excluded hypotensive patients. Our primary outcome was a composite of adverse outcomes or critical interventions within 7 days. We calculated the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC, ROC) for hsTnT and NT-proBNP and determined the optimal cutoffs using the distance from (0,1). We performed a subgroup analysis on patients with PE and right ventricular dysfunction on imaging. Two hundred thirty-four patients were included in the hsTnT analysis, and 727 in the NT-proBNP analysis. Mean age was 62 years (SD = 17) and 47% were female. The AUC for hsTnT was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56-0.71) with an optimal cutoff of 46 ng/L, corresponding to a sensitivity of 59% (95% CI, 49-69) and a specificity of 61% (95% CI, 53-69). The AUC for NT-proBNP was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.51-0.61) with an optimal cutoff of 1092 pg/mL, corresponding to a sensitivity of 53% (95% CI, 45-61) and a specificity of 59% (95% CI, 55-63). We identified an optimal cutoff of 46 ng/L for hsTnT and 1092 pg/mL for NT-proBNP, though the AUC for both markers suggests low to moderate performance for the risk stratification of initially hemodynamically stable PERT patients. Use of these biomarkers to risk stratify PE may require reconsideration.

Longitudinal changes in teaming dimensions from self- and peer-feedback in early year design courses

The ability to work effectively in a team environment is critical to engineering practice, and a required accreditation element of engineering programs in Canada. Developing this ability often involves repeated cycles of team activity, peer feedback, and self-reflection. This work describes an exploratory study of longitudinal changes in student self- and peer-evaluated teaming dimensions on engineering teams as students progress through a sequence of design and professional practice courses. The data shows a positive trend in self- and peer-evaluated teaming, and most encouragingly a more significant improvement among students with initially low scores on their first teaming evaluation.