This paper addresses some of the obstacles and dilemmas we face as we attempt to influence the ways in which affirmative action gets implemented in our universities. General obstacles to implementation discussed include: external initiation and regulation of the program, conflict of program goals with other organizational goals, the often overlooked distinction between stated and real goals, powerless organizational placement of the Affirmative Action Office, general resistance to a program dealing with sexism and racism, and the lack of self interest in the program on the part of many of those in powerful organizational positions. Two dilemmas for our influence attempts are then presented. The first is, how do we respond to the multiple goals of our organizations, especially when they appear to conflict with affirmative action? The second is how do we define our objectives clearly and straight-forwardly enough so that they can be achieved, while we avoid alienating potential allies? These dilemmas are discussed, with the understanding that there are no ‘right’ resolutions, but that resolution must be done within the context of our overarching goal and our own organizational realities.