Action Of Electromagnetic Field Research Articles

Thin-walled aluminium waste remelting in circulation circuit with magnetodynamic pump

Modern technologies for remelting thin-walled aluminium waste are considered, and a new method to implement such process is proposed. This made it possible to increase the yield of a suitable remelted product to 83% from the mass of the initial remelting portion. The main idea is to use indirect heating of the charge. This will allow to significantly reduce the irreversible loss of metal due to burning which can reach 60%. In the proposed process, solid waste is melted by overheated melt stream. The movement of such stream is provided by the action of electromagnetic field. For the practical implementation of the offered idea, there was used a magnetodynamic pump (MDP) designed in the Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The MDP has a significantly higher heat and power factor than electromagnetic pumps of travelling magnetic field which are often used in similar technologies. Mathematical model of the remelting process of aluminium thin-walled and fine charge due to convective heat transfer was developed. On the basis of this model, an engineering calculation of the specific process of remelting used aluminium cans in the liquid aluminium stream was also carried out. The obtained results were used at further conducting a full-scale experiment. There is designed and successfully practically tested the experimental two-chamber circulation circuit with MDP for remelting thin-walled aluminium waste. Recommendations for further development of the proposed process were formulated.Graphical abstract

Experimental Study on the Combined Effect of Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Processes on Descaling and Anticorrosion

In this study, a circulating water experimental system was constructed to investigate the scale inhibition, scale removal, corrosion inhibition, and disinfection effects of industrial circulating water under the combined action of electromagnetic and electrochemical fields. The influence of these effects on water quality parameters and their scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition effects on hanging plate experiments were examined. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of scale samples were conducted using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), along with the evaluation of changes in water quality parameters (such as conductivity, hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, iron ions, and chloride ions) before and after the experiments. The results showed that after 360 h of circulation experiment, at a water temperature of 30 °C, electromagnetic field frequency of 1 kHz, electrochemical scale removal device voltage of 24 V, current of 10 A, and water flow rate of 0.6 m/s, the transformation of calcite to aragonite in CaCO3 scale samples occurred, with a 76.6% increase in aragonite content. Moreover, the conductivity decreased by 11.6%, hardness decreased by 42.0%, COD decreased by 59.7%, turbidity decreased by 48.1%, and chloride and iron ion concentrations decreased by 36.6% and 63.1%, respectively. The scale inhibition efficiency reached 53.8%, surpassing the effects of electromagnetic and electrochemical actions individually. These findings demonstrate that the combined action of electromagnetic and electrochemical fields can effectively enhance scale inhibition, scale removal, corrosion inhibition, and disinfection and algae removal effects.

P‐76: The Influence of Bending FFC Transmission Line on High‐Speed Signal Channels

Generally, display devices interconnect FFC transmission lines with circuits to form a transmission line network system to achieve data communication between Tcon and Driver. Due to the limitations of the external shape and internal space structure of the display device, the FFC transmission cable presents a curved shape from 0 to 180 degrees during the wiring process. Under the action of spatial electromagnetic fields, the display device will involve the field‐circuit hybrid problem of electromagnetic coupling of the FFC transmission line's bent line and circuit conduction interference, which will cause severe electromagnetic interference(EMI), resulting in deterioration of the high‐speed channel signal at the receiving end and even inability to correctly restore and decode the signal, thus causing signal distortion, which in turn leads to display image distortion or pixel loss.

Experimental study of fouling characteristics of CaCO3 precipitated crystal scale mixed with different particles in an alternating magnetic field environment

This paper is to study the effect of CaCO3 precipitated crystal scale mixed with different particles on the scaling characteristics under the action of electromagnetic field. The simulation of industrial field experiments, based on the electromagnetic water treatment dynamic experimental bench, change the type of particles, concentration, magnetic field strength, according to the experimental results of the thermal resistance and scale inhibition rate curve under different working conditions, through the scanning electron microscope microscopy analysis of the fouling samples, to study the effect of CaCO3 fouling mixed with different particles in the role of the magnetic field on the effect of the law on the deposition characteristics.The results show that: electromagnetic field on MgO particles dirt and CaCO3 dirt deposition have inhibition effect; CaCO3 and different concentrations of CaCO3 crystalline particles mixed, CaCO3 particles, the more the electromagnetic field on the formation of CaCO3 precipitation scale inhibition effect is not obvious; CaCO3 precipitation scale and MgO particles mixed in the magnetic field can significantly enhance the effect of the field of the inhibition of the scale, magnetic field Under the action of the magnetic field, as the content of MgO particles increases, the scale inhibition effect on the dirt is first enhanced and then weakened until it tends to be about 0. Scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that the morphology and degree of aggregation of calcium carbonate fouling crystals were influenced by MgO particles under the action of electromagnetic fields, and CaCO3 fouling was transformed from regular ortho-hexahedra to acicular aragonite and amorphous CaCO3, which made the stripping phenomenon more significant.Comprehensive experimental results and scanning electron microscopy analyses of fouling samples show that the mixture of CaCO3 solution with a small amount of MgO particles can be an effective means to inhibit the precipitation of crystalline fouling under the environment of alternating electromagnetic field. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of alternating magnetic field in the future, and provides new ideas and methods for solving the problem of crystalline fouling in industry.

Photon, A New Principle for Justification of Its Structure and Process of Motion

The work relates to the basics of quantum physics and photonics, in particular to the formation of photons in two states: as elementary particles and their electromagnetic radiation. The study of these problems is an urgent and important scientific task, which has not been fully resolved in terms of their structure and principle of action. In modern science, the photon is considered a fundamental elementary particle, which has neither its own structure nor dimensions, but only wave parameters. However, the denial of the material state of the photon contradicts the general conditions for the formation of the material world within the framework of the principles of dualism. Eliminating this shortcoming is the main goal of the work being performed. Its scientific novelty lies in the development of strict physical foundations for explaining the structure, parameters and process of photon motion. Working methods. The work was performed at the level of scientific discoveries for which reliable methods and techniques are not yet known, therefore, it used general methods and principles of scientific research, as well as the author’s method of accessing the initial level of the material world. Results of the work and their discussion. A new structure of the photon is substantiated, which includes not only its wave, but also a material particle. The substant particle of the photon is formed in the form of a regular hexagonal prism from 6 trihedral prisms, which are quarks, 3 of which are real quarks, and the empty space between them are virtual quarks. The transition of energy from real quarks to virtual ones, and then back, leads to virtual rotation of the photon, which ensures its stability, and the absence of losses in this process ensures the “eternity” of its life. A complete revolution of the quarks of the real part of the photon occurs in 6 quantum jumps, during which it moves translationally by the photon wavelength λ. When moving according to the proposed scheme, virtual sinusoids are formed, characteristic of the action of electromagnetic fields, which confirms the correctness of the proposed structure and scheme of photon movement. Conclusion The proposed structure and pattern of photon movement implements the principle of least action, which dominates in the material world. At the same time, there are no contradictions with the real laws of the material world, as well as the need for uncertain physical processes and energies for its implementation, which is the evidence base for the work.

A Review on the Effects of Thermal Inversions and Electromagnetic Fields on Cell Cultures and Wireless Communications

Thermal inversions, typical in the winter season, consist of cold air at the Earth’s surface being trapped under a layer of warmer air. Such an effect keeps normal convective overturning of the atmosphere from penetrating through. This phenomenon highly increases the toxicity of the atmosphere, while modifying its dielectric constant, resulting in major implications in terms of public health and wireless communications. Indeed, air pollution in large cities (related, in most cases, to particulate matter that consists of different chemical components, which can have warming or cooling effects) is primarily caused by chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Appropriate usage of array antennas allows the effective tracking of changes in humidity (e.g., coated Yagi-Uda antennas, which do not interfere with 5G) and in the dielectric constant (e.g., optimized quasi-Yagi-Uda antennas, yielding to accurate measurements of sulfides and black carbon concentration). Remarkably, important health effects come from the combined action of electromagnetic fields with fine and coarse black carbon particles. The appearance of ducts, which are caused by thermal inversions, provokes the creation of super-refractive regions in the troposphere as well, which result in the anomalous propagation of wireless communications.

Hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields in the Russian Federation: history and current state

The article presents in detail the history of the creation of hygienic normative documents regulating the industrial and non-industrial effects of electromagnetic fields in the Russian Federation. Systematic scientific research in the field of biological action and hygienic regulation of radio frequency electromagnetic fields in our country began at the Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, where in 1952 specialists created the first laboratory of electromagnetic waves of radio frequencies in the country. In the future, a number of scientific institutions of hygienic, biomedical and physico-technical profile joined these studies. Scientists have scientifically substantiated the methodology of rationing hygienic factors. Over the past period, scientists have developed about 30 documents, including the maximum permissible level of electromagnetic fields. Currently, in the Russian Federation, the main current document establishing the maximum permissible level of permanent and variable electromagnetic fields in the workplace and for the public is SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 "Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and(or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans". The analysis made it possible to evaluate its advantages and identify disadvantages, as well as to outline promising areas of scientific research to improve existing and develop new maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields created by modern sources.
 Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Sensitivity of explosive materials to the action of electromagnetic fields

The analysis was done to define the most common methods of detection and disposal of explosive objects. According to the principle of their operation, the methods were subdivided into 4 classes. It was established that physical methods are the most effective, and most of them are based on the use of electromagnetic waves with various parameters. To define the degree of ef-fect of electromagnetic waves on explosive materials it was reasonable to study their electromag-netic properties. It is shown that the main parameter that quantitatively characterizes the degree of sensitivity of explosive materials to the action of electromagnetic fields is the dipole moment of their molecules. The molecular structure of the most common explosive materials, in particular hexogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate and trinitrotoluene, tetryl, lead trinitroresorcinate, mercu-ryfulminate and lead azide has been analyzed. It is shown that the molecules of these substances have a two-dimensional structure, while the molecules of hexogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and mercury fulminate are symmetrical. It corresponds to the absence of a dipole moment in such molecules. The dipole moments of asymmetric molecules of trinitrotoluene, tetryl, lead trinitrore-sorcinate, and lead azide were calculated using the method of adding force vectors of dipole moments of interatomic bonds. The calculated data showed that the dipole moments of these sub-stances are significant, so the electromagnetic influence on the activation of these explosive mate-rials cannot be neglected. Partially, the high values of the dipole moments of trinitrotoluene (µ(C7H5N3O6)=2,55 D) and tetryl (µ(C7H5N5O8)=9,27 D) can be explained by an increased num-ber of asymmetric bonds with nitrogen that has a high electronegativity. The obtained data can be used for the development of the safety algorithms to provide a safe work of the rescuers during demining of the territory and when using the devices of an active electromagnetic action in order to prevent the uncontrolled detonation of explosive objects

Ultrahigh-Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators

Introduction. From the analysis of hop dryers of different systems and designs follows the prospect of hop drying by complex influence of the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and convective heat. Aim of the Article. The article aims at developing a small-sized microwave convective hop dryer with justified parameters for intensive drying technology of freshly harvested hops. Materials and Methods. Taking into account the justified criteria for the design of a hop dryer and the analysis of existing resonators, there was proposed a methodology for the development of a hop dryer with an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, including requirements for structural design, operational and economic indicators, and technology. The electrodynamic parameters of the resonator were investigated according to the CST Studio 2017 program. Results. The dielectric parameters of hops are theoretically investigated and functional dependences on humidity at a frequency of 2,450 MHz are obtained. The dynamics of hop heating is investigated when its dielectric loss factor changes during the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. There has been developed a design and technological scheme of a radio-hermetic microwave convective hop dryer of continuous flow action with tiered resonators for low-power agricultural enterprises. Resonators are arranged in tiers in the screening cylindrical housing: the first and third resonators are hemispherical, and the middle one is made in the form of an ellipsoid to ensure a high electric field strength. The transportation of raw materials takes place by rotating the discs in a gentle mode. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected specific energy costs of a hop dryer with a capacity of 12–13 kg/h at the microwave generator power of 4.0 kW for drying freshly harvested hops with a humidity of 76–82% to a humidity of 11–14% are 0.30–0.33 kWh/kg. The required electric field voltage of 2 kV/cm in all three resonators is provided, therefore, disinfection of raw materials occurs at a temperature of 65–70°C for 5–6 minutes of stay in three resonators. The intensity of moisture release from hop cones during endogenous convective heating increases 5–6 times compared to the convective drying method. The introduction of microwave drying technology using a convective method of evaporation and removal of moisture from the drying chamber reduces the duration of the process, saves valuable components of cones for brewing.

Safety of digital learning environment for the health of high school and university students in distance learning

The development of technologies using the electromagnetic field (EMF) of the radio frequency range has become a leading trend related to the need for wireless data transmission. This made it possible for distance learning of schoolchildren and students in a dangerous epidemic situation. Accumulated data on the sensitivity of the human body to the action of EMF. The purpose of the work is to assess the conditions of teaching schoolchildren in computer science classrooms, as well as the impact of online learning on the health of high school students and university students. Based on the results of an online survey of schoolchildren and students according to the author’s questionnaire, a database was formed and an assessment of the conditions of distance learning was carried out. With the use of instrumental research, an assessment of the learning conditions in computer science classrooms was carried out. The materials were processed using the reliability criterion χ2 and the health risk assessment RR. Control data in computer science classrooms showed non-compliance of temperature, air humidity, air ionization, illumination, noise with regulatory requirements, except for EMF levels. With online learning, a high duration of stay of high school students and students in a digital environment has been established, including the learning process, homework, and leisure time on the Internet. In the structure of complaints related to studying online and doing homework, there were: visual impairment over the past year, headaches, back pain, irritability, eye fatigue, a feeling of dryness in the eyes. The time for sleep and physical activity decreased. Data have been obtained confirming the need to protect the health of students in a digital environment with the provision of safe conditions for visual work, limiting the time of use of digital devices, increasing the literacy of all users.

Advanced investigations of a restricted gyrostatic motion

In this work, we present advanced investigations and treatments for the problem of a restricted vibrating motion of a connected gyrostat with a spring. It is supposed that the gyrostat spins slowly about the minor or major principal axis of the inertia ellipsoid. The gyrostat is acted upon by a gyrostatic couple vector besides the action of Newtonian and electromagnetic fields. The approach of the large parameter is applied to obtain the periodic solutions for the governing system of equations of motion of the gyrostat. A geometric illustration using the angles of Euler is given for such motion to evaluate and analyze the gyrostatic motion at any instant. The analysis of the obtained solutions is considered in terms of numerical data throughout computer programs. Characterized parametric data are assumed through one of the numerical methods for obtaining numerical solutions that prove the validity of the analytical obtained periodic solutions. The obtained solutions, besides the phase diagrams, have been drawn to describe these solutions’ periodicity and stability procedures. The novelty of this work comes from the imposition of a new initial condition that does not restrict movement around the dynamic symmetry axis. This assumption allows the use of a new technique for the solution called the large parameter. This technique gives solutions in a completely new domain that are different from the ones studied in previous works.

Liquid water as an adaptive information medium

Here, the internally consistent model of information medium is built from additional (helical) structural detailing of the disordered and continuous network of hydrogen bonds. In this model, the double helix (H2O)2n with strong hydrogen bonds in opposite edges of helical chains has opportunity of coherent and synchronous vibrations of n proton pairs with the resonance frequency fn in terahertz range. At the same time, the electronic band gap of liquid water has the allowed local energy levels on inherent species of liquid water as hydroxonium H3O+ and hydroxide OH-. These electron levels are disposed symmetrically relative to the middle of band gap with energy difference equal to 1.75 eV. The double helix H3O+(H2O)2n-2OH- charged by mentioned ions on its ends is considered as a LC-oscillator of protons with their locking voltage of 1.75 V. This vibrator can launch the collective motion of n proton pairs under the action of electromagnetic field with the frequency fn. Then, such coherently oscillating double helix H3O+(H2O)2n-2OH-↔OH-(H2O)2n-2H3O+ can become an information n-unit which will create in ordinary water a volumetric working memory up to 8.5 PB/l.

The HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line constitutes an effective in vitro model for evaluating toxicity, oxidative stress and necrosis/apoptosis after exposure to black carbon particles and 2.45 GHz radio frequency

The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which atmospheric pollution from particulate matter and/or electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may prove harmful to human health have not been extensively researched. We analyzed whether the combined action of EMFs and black carbon (BC) particles induced cell damage and a pro-apoptotic response in the HL-60 promyelocytic cell line when exposed to 2.45 GHz radio frequency (RF) radiation in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) chamber at sub-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) levels. RF and BC induced moderately significant levels of cell damage in the first 8 or 24 h for all exposure times/doses and much greater damage after 48 h irradiation and the higher dose of BC. We observed a clear antiproliferative effect that increased with RF exposure time and BC dose. Oxidative stress or ROS production increased with time (24 or 48 h of radiation), BC dose and the combination of both. Significant differences between the proportion of damaged and healthy cells were observed in all groups. Both radiation and BC participated separately and jointly in triggering necrosis and apoptosis in a programmed way. Oxidative-antioxidant action activated mitochondrial anti-apoptotic BCL2a gene expression after 24 h irradiation and exposure to BC. After irradiation of the cells for 48 h, expression of FASR cell death receptors was activated, precipitating the onset of pro-apoptotic phenomena and expression and intracellular activity of caspase-3 in the mitochondrial pathways, all of which can lead to cell death. Our results indicate that the interaction between BC and RF modifies the immune response in the human promyelocytic cell line and that these cells had two fates mediated by different pathways: necrosis and mitochondria-caspase dependent apoptosis. The findings may be important in regard to antimicrobial, inflammatory and autoimmune responses in humans.

Non-stationary phenomena in technological systems of electromagnetic processing of materials

A large number of technical and technological facilities work under the action of electromagnetic fields. In electroconductive bodies have significant largest electromagnetic forces that can cause movement or deformation of structural elements. The creation of effective methods of analysis of the distribution of the electromagnetic field and coupled nonstationary deformation of structural elements is topical at present time. The article contains a mathematical formulation of the problem of nonstationary deformation of structural elements under the action of electromagnetic fields. Coupling of electromagnetic field and mechanical field is carried out with the help of local electromagnetic forces. Further made the transition to a variational formulation on the basis of the task of finding the minimum of the total energy of the system, which includes the energy of the electromagnetic field. For the numerical solution the finite element method is used. Nodal unknowns in this case are the magnetic vector potential and displacements. The proposed method is applied to non-stationary deformation of the "inductor-billet" technological operation of magnetic-pulse processing of metals. Some results of the deformation are presented.
 A large number of technical and technological facilities work under the action of electromagnetic fields. In electroconductive bodies have significant largest electromagnetic forces that can cause movement or deformation of structural elements. The creation of effective methods of analysis of the distribution of the electromagnetic field and coupled nonstationary deformation of structural elements is topical at present time. The article contains a mathematical formulation of the problem of nonstationary deformation of structural elements under the action of electromagnetic fields. Coupling of electromagnetic field and mechanical field is carried out with the help of local electromagnetic forces. Further made the transition to a variational formulation on the basis of the task of finding the minimum of the total energy of the system, which includes the energy of the electromagnetic field. For the numerical solution the finite element method is used. Nodal unknowns in this case are the magnetic vector potential and displacements. The proposed method is applied to non-stationary deformation of the "inductor-billet" technological operation of magnetic-pulse processing of metals. Some results of the deformation are presented.
 A large number of technical and technological facilities work under the action of electromagnetic fields. In electroconductive bodies have significant largest electromagnetic forces that can cause movement or deformation of structural elements. The creation of effective methods of analysis of the distribution of the electromagnetic field and coupled nonstationary deformation of structural elements is topical at present time. The article contains a mathematical formulation of the problem of nonstationary deformation of structural elements under the action of electromagnetic fields. Coupling of electromagnetic field and mechanical field is carried out with the help of local electromagnetic forces. Further made the transition to a variational formulation on the basis of the task of finding the minimum of the total energy of the system, which includes the energy of the electromagnetic field. For the numerical solution the finite element method is used. Nodal unknowns in this case are the magnetic vector potential and displacements. The proposed method is applied to non-stationary deformation of the "inductor-billet" technological operation of magnetic-pulse processing of metals. Some results of the deformation are presented.

Radiation of a Material Particle Placed in a Dielectric Medium under the Action of Electromagnetic Field

Radiation of a Material Particle Placed in a Dielectric Medium under the Action of Electromagnetic Field

ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ЛИВАРНО-ІНДУКЦІЙНОГО МЕТОДУ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТРИШАРОВИХ ВИЛИВКІВ

The technological features of developed casting-induction method for obtaining threelayer «cast iron-steel-cast iron» castings were studied. The specified method consists in the use of induction heating of a steel billet with a high-frequency electromagnetic field in the casting process for obtaining three-layer products. The paper represents mathematical modeling results of temperature fields distribution under the action of electromagnetic fields on a steel workpiece. The main regularities of steel billet temperature changes depending from the current level and heating time have been established. As a result of simulation modeling, the technological parameters of the steel workpiece heating and cooling process were determined, as well as the pouring of the melt during the production of three-layer castings. Obtained dependences between temperature of the poured melt and temperature of the workpiece are necessary to ensure a high-quality connection between the steel inner part and working layer made of cast iron. The results of the experimental testing confirmed the adequacy of the mathematical modeling of the thermal state of the workpiece, as well as the effectiveness of using the developed combined casting-induction method for obtaining three-layer castings. Keywords: induction casting method, induction heating, simulation modeling, three-layer casting, electromagnetic field, melt.

Optimum frequency model research and experimental verification for suppressing CaCO3 scaling in copper tubes by an electromagnetic field

The electromagnetic frequency is one of the most important parameters in electromagnetic scale inhibition research, and most of the previous studies on the optimal frequency range used experimental analysis. In this paper, a computational model for the optimal frequency of CaCO3 scaling in copper pipes under the action of electromagnetic fields is introduced. By establishing the equivalent electric dipole pipeline physical propagation model of the two-layer medium of the pipe wall and the water body, the vector magnetic potential in the water body is deduced by the mirror method, and the electromagnetic field expression of the water body in the pipe is derived. According to the electromagnetic energy relationship, the optimal electromagnetic frequency range is calculated to be 70–75 kHz. Finally, experiments were performed to analyze the effect of electromagnetic fields in different frequency ranges on the scaling of CaCO3 in copper pipes, and the obtained results verified the accuracy of the optimal frequency calculation model for CaCO3 scaling in copper pipes under the action of electromagnetic fields.

Application of Risk-Oriented Approach for Improvement of the Environmental Security of the Urban Area

Improved comfort of urban environment is inseparably related with consumption and transfer of various types of energy for illumination and heating of buildings, provision of radio and TV broadcasts, mobile communications and transport. Energy transfer is accompanied by generation of electric fields, which propagate in ambient environment and affect human and biota. In this regard, the safety of urban environment becomes more and more urgent issue, especially along highways. This work describes a risk-oriented approach to analysis and estimation of risks of electromagnetic safety of urban territories with consideration for combined action of electromagnetic fields of various frequency range on humans. The authors have analyzed electromagnetic pollution from three most common sources of exposure, and the territories of urban environment have been selected with the highest level of electromagnetic hazard for population. Application of risk-oriented approach to estimation of electromagnetic hazard demonstrates the necessity of improvement of valid normalization system with accounting for simultaneous impact of electromagnetic fields from several sources on human and environment, which would provide development of more efficient measures of city population protection against this negative factor.

Six-Pointed Star Chiral Cobalt Superstructures with Strong Antibacterial Activity.

Chiral inorganic nanomaterials have shown promise as a potential means of combating bacteria due to their high levels of biocompatibility, easy surface modification, and excellent optical properties. In this study, a diverse range of chiral hierarchical nanomaterials are prepared from Co2+ and L/D-Tartaric acid (Tar) ligands. By combining the ligands in different ratios, chiral Co superstructures (Co SS) are obtained with different morphologies, including chiral nanoflowers, chiral nanohanamaki, a chiral six-pointed star, a chiral fan shape, and a chiral fusiform shape. It is found that the chiral six-pointed star structures exhibit chiroptical activity across a broad range of wavelengths from 300 to 1300nm and that the g-factor is as high as 0.033 with superparamagnetic properties. Under the action of electromagnetic fields, the chiral six-pointed star Co SS shows excellent killing ability against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Compared to L-Co SS, D-Co SS shows stronger levels of antibacterial ability. It is found that the levels of reactive oxygen species generated by D-Co SS are 1.59-fold higher than L-Co SS which is attributed to chiral-induced spin selectivity effects. These findings are of significance for the further development of chiral materials with antibacterial properties.

Ionic Wind Intensity Enhancement and Ozone Reduction in a Solid-State Fan Via Electromagnetic Field Action

Ionic Wind Intensity Enhancement and Ozone Reduction in a Solid-State Fan Via Electromagnetic Field Action