Physical Actions Research Articles

Assessment of Transport Value and Environmental Impact of Automotive Driving: A Physical-Action-Based Approach

This paper is concerned with the problem of assigning, in a physically transparent way, value to automotive transport services and their related environmental impacts. We discuss the idea that the transport value of an automotive service can be measured in units of physical action, i.e., in terms of the physical entity that measures the effect of work performed within a specified physical process. It is further argued that from this action-based transport value, two dimensionless figures of merit (FOM), TV and ETV, can be derived, which can be used as cost factors in algorithms designed to optimize transport services and logistic networks.

Features of military physical training of personnel of the United States Armed Forces

The article reveals the specifics of the military physical training of servicemen in the US Army. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the level of combat and professional training of servicemen in order to meet the requirements and criteria of a professional army. Also, it is important to introduce into the combat training system the elements of applied military direction from movement on the battlefield and firing from various weapons at any time of the day, during urban battles and close combat (especially hand-to-hand combat), overcoming natural and artificial obstacles in uniform and personal protective equipment, precision and distance hand grenades throwing from different starting positions. Military physical training in the US armed forces reveals the principles of the formation of military-applied motor abilities and skills. More over it contributes the development and improvement of special qualities, personal abilities taking into account the type of professional activity, the ability of a soldier to manifest the existing functional potential in the conditions of combat and training activity, ensuring a high level of psychological endurance and stress resistance. The physical readiness of servicemen during combat and training activities significantly affects the combat effectiveness of military units. An important role in ensuring this combat capability is played by military physical training, which is aimed to format and improve military applied knowledge, abilities and skills of servicemen using the most effective physical exercises and actions.

Mental Practice, Visualization, and Mental Imagery in Surgery: a Systematic Review.

Physicians face constant pressures to learn and adapt to new knowledge, techniques, and technology. Mental practice-the process of rehearsing a task without the physical action of performing it-is a cognitive tool that is used by many professions to hone abilities and prepare for difficult undertakings. Mental practice can help optimize physician performance but there is minimal research on its application in practice. In this systematic review we assessed the usefulness of mental practice for surgeons to aid in skill acquisition. Using PRISMA guidelines, 12 studies were selected for evaluation. The results of these studies show clear advantages to using mental practice to improve overall surgical performance. Here, we discuss mental practice, the evidence for its use, and how it can be learned and performed.

Analisis Pesan Moral Pada Film The Covenant Karya Guy Ritchie’s

A good film should not only function as a medium of entertainment, but also educate its audience and contain various important information about the plot of the film. The film "The Covenant" is an American action drama film directed by Guy Ritchie's. This study aims to describe the meaning of the moral message contained in the film. "The Covenant. This study is a qualitative descriptive study using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis approach. Data collection in this study used observation and documentation. The results of the study show that the moral messages contained in the film "The Covenant" are: 1) Doing work that is considered a traitor for the sake of the family is the importance of sacrifice and priority to always pay attention to those closest to us. 2) Failure, failure can occur due to unexpected factors, and it reminds us to remain humble, failure can also be a valuable teacher. 3) Repaying the kindness of those who have saved our lives Repaying kindness is not only about physical actions, but also about showing gratitude and appreciating the sacrifices of others. 4) Teaches about fortitude, patience, and acceptance of the reality of life that does not always go according to expectations. The meaning of denotation, connotation and myth conveyed by the director and writer make the film "The Covenant" worth watching because it is thick with moral messages that are full of struggle and gratitude. .

The Unity of Virtue and Body: Moral Realization in Mencius’ Theory of Embodying Virtue

Mencius’ “Theory of Embodying Virtue 踐形說” is an important theory that combines moral cultivation and physical practice, emphasizing that virtue is externalized and realized through concrete physical actions. This paper explores the theoretical foundation of the “Theory of Embodying Virtue 踐形說”, examining its internal connections with Mencius’ doctrines of “Innate Goodness”, “Four Beginnings 四端”, and “Nurturing Qi 養氣”. Through self-cultivation, individuals can gradually transform their inner virtues into outward behaviors, ultimately achieving the unity of virtue and the body. This not only serves as an essential path for personal moral cultivation but also embodies the Confucian moral ideal. Additionally, the paper analyzes the contemporary significance of the “Theory of Embodying Virtue” from the perspectives of modern ethics and body philosophy, particularly in terms of its implications for moral education, the improvement of social ethics, and the shaping of leaders’ moral images. By conducting an in-depth discussion, this paper reveals that Mencius’ “Theory of Embodying Virtue” still holds significant theoretical and practical value in contemporary society.

Interpretation of Anger Verses in Tafsir Al-Jaylani

This study examines the concept of anger in the Qur'an based on key vocabulary. Anger is discussed in the context of God, the Prophet, and disbelievers, with various positive and negative meanings. The research aims to classify verses about anger and analyze their meanings according to Tafsīr al-Jaylānī. Using a qualitative method and thematic approach (mauḍū'i), this research examines the thoughts of 'Abd al-Qādir Jaylānī. The results show 45 verses discussing anger, with four key terms: gaḍab (anger affecting verbal expression and physical action), makẓūm (anger accompanied by grudge), gayẓ (explosive anger that damages the heart), and sukhṭ (anger due to inappropriate actions). This research provides insights into various aspects of anger in the Qur'an and its interpretation in Tafsīr al-Jaylānī.

Transitivity Patterns in English Native and Non-Native Students Research Articles: A Functional Analysis

This study explores the transitivity patterns in academic writing of English native and Pakistani non-native students by analyzing the process types from a functional point of view based on Halliday’s (1985) framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The research describes and compares the process types used by English native and non-native students to transmit their experiences/ideations and fulfill intended purposes. A corpus of research articles written by English native and Pakistani non-native students was compiled and analyzed in terms of clauses and process types (material, mental, relational, verbal, existential, and behavior. The analysis reveals that both student groups prioritize material and relational processes, focusing on physical actions and linking them to associated actors with corresponding qualities. However, the subsequent processes show differences between the two groups. In the native research article corpus (NRAC), verbal, mental, and existential processes are prominent, while in the non-native research article corpus (NNRAC), mental, existential, and verbal processes prevail. Behavior processes are less frequently used in both corpora, indicating a minimal focus on physiological responses. Variation in process type rates reflects students' choices for conveying experiences. This study contributes to understanding how linguistic choices in research articles vary between native and non-native students, shedding light on differences in communication strategies and rhetorical approaches within academic discourse.

Robotics and Automation

Robotics and automation represent transformative fields that integrate mechanical systems, electronics, and intelligent software to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. Robotics involves the design, development, and deployment of machines capable of sensing, decision-making, and executing physical actions. Automation focuses on optimizing processes by employing advanced technologies to increase efficiency, precision, and reliability across industries. Together, these disciplines revolutionize sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, logistics, and exploration. Emerging trends, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and collaborative robots (cobots), are driving the evolution of robotics and automation, enabling systems to adapt, learn, and operate in unstructured environments. These advancements address critical challenges such as labor shortages, cost reduction, and safety while unlocking opportunities for innovation and productivity. As the integration of robotics and automation deepens, ethical considerations and workforce adaptation remain essential to ensuring equitable and sustainable technological progress

Linkage of Individuals and Collective of Human through Performative Acts

The article analyzes the relationship between individuality and collectivity by reviewing artistic endeavors in which physical actions and reactions serve as the fundamental elements of execution. The researcher discovered the guideline for artistic practices, which entail physical actions and reactions as the essential performative process, by utilizing concept ideas from philosophy, psychoanalysis, and anthropology that relate to the occurrence of acts as the main educational framework. Numerous factors, including the interaction between the body and mind, location and time, logic and emotion, and nature and nurture, contribute to the occurrence of physical actions and reactions. Furthermore, the performative process can show how individuality and collectivity are linked through embodiment, which produces a variety of interactions through every individual's collective acts.

Субъектность горожан: понятие и его операционализация

The research is relevant because it explores a new phenomenon – city dwellers’ agency – and introduces it in the thesaurus of social psychology of the city. The aim of the research is to formulate the concept of “city dweller’s agency” and to conduct its operationalization. Hypothesis: There is a connection between an individual’s internal sense of responsibility for positive urban changes and their attitudes towards city dwellers’ engagement across various platforms including online, discussions, and physical actions. Participants: 324 respondents aged from 18 to 75 years (M = 43, SD = 18) living in Moscow (49% women and 51% men). Methods (tools): The study employed several methodologies, including “Readiness for Active Participation in the Life of the City” (T .P. Emelyanova, T. V. Drobysheva, E. N. Vikent'eva, S. V. Tarasov) to identify attitudes towards active participation in the public life of the city, “Attribution of City Dwellers’ Responsibility” (T. V. Drobysheva) to analyze how the responsibility for urban conditions is manifested. Additionally, a questionnaire collected the socio-demographic data from the respondents. Results: The concept of “city dwellers’ agency” was formulated based on theoretical analysis. Key indicators (activity, responsibility) and empirical referents (manifestations of activity and responsibility of city dwellers) were identified. Selected methods underwent their primary psychometric verification, revealing issues that effectively demonstrate city dwellers’ internal sense of responsibility and various forms of engagement in the urban environment aimed at improving the quality of urban life. The research also revealed a correla tion between the indicators of the internal sense of responsibility of city dwellers who participated in urban community service and their readiness to engage in public life. Main Conclusions: City dwellers’ agency refers to an individual’s capacity to assume responsibility for urban conditions and to direct their activity to transform the urban environment in order to improve conditions for urban living. It has been empirically confirmed that taking responsibility for urban conditions correlates with respondents’ willingness to directly participate in community service and discuss urban life problems with other residents. Practical Significance: The results can aid municipal employees in developing programs to actively involve the population in urban improvement efforts.

The English Divorce Courts, non-physical ‘cruelty’ and ‘coercive control’ in wives’ petitions, 1857–1914

ABSTRACT This article focuses on petitions presented before the English Divorce Court 1857–1914 to investigate women’s personal experiences and understandings of non-physical ‘cruelty’ in marriage and to relate this to present-day understandings of ‘coercive control’. A dataset of 269 petitions is analysed, focusing on three prevalent abuse types: economic abuse relating to a wife’s duties and responsibilities as household manager; emotional and psychological abuse in relation to pregnancy and motherhood; and the use of domestic space and household objects (associated with the marital home). Forms of non-physical cruelty were found in every petition, typically alongside physical actions, highlighting their importance to the disintegration of marital life. This article demonstrates how Divorce Court petitions, located in the UK National Archives, are an exceptional lens that reveal the complex repertoires and patterns of abusive behaviour, combining non-physical cruelty with physical violence, that were recorded by Victorian and Edwardian women. It sheds light not only on women’s experiences of marriage but also their understandings and expectations regarding what was acceptable.

Workshop Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Penggunaan Relay Pengganti Staircase pada Instalasi Penerangan di SMKN 1 Sumbar

In the practicum, SMKN 1 West Sumatra has used various types of switches but has not used a Staircase Switch or a Relay to Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase. As we know, switches are electrical devices with various types, purposes and different usage situations. In general, switches are divided into two, namely manual and automatic switches. Manual switches require physical action from the user but automatic switches work automatically based on certain automatic settings. Through this Community Service, the team from the Padang State Polytechnic D3 Electrical Engineering Study Program is trying to introduce Staircase Switches and Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase. It is hoped that it can contribute to science and technology that can be used in practicums by SMKN 1 West Sumatra, especially the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Expertise Program. In implementing this community service using a workshop method where the participants are teachers and students, the team explained in detail about the Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase and training on how to use it. Based on the results of the workshop and questionnaire, this switch is very suitable for use in the practical work of the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 1 West Sumatra because this switch is designed with user friendly principles, has a timer feature with high accuracy, a time display indicator and a simple wiring circuit. Through this community service, the Team from the D.3 Electrical Engineering Study Program grant a Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase unit to SMKN 1 West Sumatra as a form of technology transfer and development of learning materials.

Moving and Static Faces, Bodies, Objects, and Scenes Are Differentially Represented across the Three Visual Pathways.

Models of human cortex propose the existence of neuroanatomical pathways specialized for different behavioral functions. These pathways include a ventral pathway for object recognition, a dorsal pathway for performing visually guided physical actions, and a recently proposed third pathway for social perception. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that different categories of moving stimuli are differentially processed across the dorsal and third pathways according to their behavioral implications. Human participants (n = 30) were scanned with fMRI while viewing moving and static stimuli from four categories (faces, bodies, scenes, and objects). A whole-brain group analysis showed that moving bodies and moving objects increased neural responses in the bilateral posterior parietal cortex, parts of the dorsal pathway. By contrast, moving faces and moving bodies increased neural responses, the superior temporal sulcus, part of the third pathway. This pattern of results was also supported by a separate ROI analysis showing that moving stimuli produced more robust neural responses for all visual object categories, particularly in lateral and dorsal brain areas. Our results suggest that dynamic naturalistic stimuli from different categories are routed in specific visual pathways that process dissociable behavioral functions.

Perceived fatigue does not alter effort-based decision making but does undermine confidence in the ability to perform physical actions.

Fatigue may affect the decision to deploy effort (cost) for a given rewarded outcome (benefit). However, it remains unclear whether these fatigue-associated changes can be attributed to simply feeling fatigued. To investigate this question, twenty-two healthy males made a series of choices between two rewarded options: a fixed, no effort option, where no physical effort was required to obtain a set, low reward vs. a variable, effortful option, in which both the physical effort requirements (i.e. different durations of a sustained contraction performed in the lower limbs) and rewards (i.e. greater monetary incentives) was varied. Effort-based choices were made under two conditions: 1) a rested (control) state, (2) a pre-induced state of perceived fatigue, evoked through physical exertion in the upper-limbs, thus controlling for the physical manifestation of fatigue (i.e. decline in muscular force production) on the decision process. Though prior physical exertion increased the perception of fatigue, participants choice behaviour did not significantly differ between control and fatigue conditions. Across both conditions, participants demonstrated an anticipated aversion to effort, with greater effort requirements reducing the decision to engage in actions associated with higher rewards. However, in the fatigue state only, decision time was prolonged and self-reported confidence in individuals' ability to perform high effort actions was reduced. The findings suggest that a perceived state of fatigue does not necessarily alter cost/benefit comparisons within effort-based decisions, but may introduce greater uncertainty within choice and reduce self-confidence. These findings evidence altered evaluative processes during decision making under conditions of fatigue.

Motor imagery technique for motor recovery of hand among sub-acute stroke patient: A randomized controlled trial

Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally, with a rising prevalence in line with increasing life expectancy. Hemiparesis, affecting up to 85% of stroke survivors, leads to impaired arm and hand movement, reduced strength, and limited coordination, significantly affecting daily activities. Despite rehabilitation efforts, many stroke survivors face persistent functional limitations or permanent disabilities. Intensive rehabilitation is often costly and constrained by the limited number of therapy sessions available in many centers. Therefore, strategies to enhance functional recovery while minimizing resource use are crucial. One promising approach is motor imagery (MI), a cognitive rehearsal of physical actions aimed at improving motor function. MI has been shown to activate similar brain areas as actual movement, such as the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area. While evidence supports MI's potential for enhancing motor recovery, clinical guidelines remain insufficient. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of motor imagery for improving hand function in subacute stroke patients. The primary objective is to assess the impact of MI on motor recovery using the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory over a 4-week period.

“We go hunting …”: Understanding experiences of people living with obesity and food insecurity when shopping for food in the supermarket to meet their weight related goals

The high prevalence of food insecurity in the United Kingdom has been exacerbated by the cost-of-living crisis. In high-income countries, those experiencing food insecurity struggle to buy and consume foods that meet Government healthy eating recommendations, and are at increased risk of obesity, linked to poor diet quality. Individuals in high-income countries purchase most of their food to consume at home from supermarkets, making this an important context within which healthier and environmentally sustainable food purchasing should be supported. However, the lived experience of supermarket food purchasing in people living with obesity and food insecurity has not been explored in depth. Adults, living in England and Scotland, who self-identified as living with obesity and food insecurity and looking to reduce their weight, were recruited to take part in semi-structured interviews (n = 25) or focus groups (n = 8) to explore their experience of shopping for food in the supermarket. Using thematic analysis, four main themes were generated: 1) the Restricted Consumer; restrictions around the type of food purchased, where food can be purchased and the resulting emotional toll, 2) the Conscious Consumer; decision making and effortful practices both in preparation of and during the shopping trip, 3) Mitigating the Rising Cost of Food; agency and actions taken to mitigate high food prices, 4) Stigma; instances of perceived and/or experienced weight and poverty-related stigma and the physical actions and cognitive social comparisons used to minimise stigma. Findings provide insights for evidence-based policy on the need for upstream changes within the wider food system to address the social determinants of health and support people living with obesity and food insecurity to eat healthier and more sustainable diets.

Low Voltage-Enhanced Mechano-Bactericidal Biopatch.

Mechano-bactericidal strategies represent a safe and sustainable method for preventing microbial contamination in the postantibiotic era. However, their effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria (≤55%) is still limited due to the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls. Herein, an intelligent biomimetic nanopillared biopatch is developed. It is assisted by low-voltage (8 V) electrical stimulation from TENG and significantly enhances antibacterial efficacy (>99%) against three types of stubborn Gram-positive bacteria. These collaborative antibacterial behaviors are solely based on purely physical actions, thus avoiding the risk of triggering bacterial resistance. Moreover, the slight mechanical energy generated by human physiological activities is converted into a power source, exhibiting energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable features. The conductive hydrogel in the biopatch can also act as an intelligent temperature sensor, monitoring, and real-time assessment of wound conditions. This intelligent biopatch holds immense potential for efficient healing and safe management of both acute and chronic wound infections.

Non-optimal cognitive offloading in schizophrenia in a prospective memory task: Influence of both metacognitive beliefs and cognitive effort avoidance.

Cognitive offloading refers to the use of physical action and the external environment to simplify mental demand. One form of this-intention offloading-involves the use of external reminders to support delayed intentions. Both beliefs of poor memory ability and a preference to avoid cognitive effort lead to offloading intentions rather than using internal memory. Schizophrenia is a population with deficits in prospective memory and to overcome this difficulty, neuropsychological interventions can propose external aids such as reminders. However, it is unknown what motivates individuals with schizophrenia to spontaneously use reminders. Twenty-seven individuals with schizophrenia and twenty-seven non-clinical individuals were recruited to perform a prospective memory task, with two levels of difficulty, by deciding whether to use reminders or their internal memory. The proportion of reminder use, performance (hits and errors), subjective effort and metacognitive beliefs were recorded. The results show a non-optimal use of reminders in the schizophrenia group: this group used more reminders than the non-clinical group when the task was easy but did not increase reminder usage when the task became more difficult. Individuals with schizophrenia perceived the task to be more effortful than the non-clinical individuals in the easy task, but also had a high estimation of their memory ability. Reminder usage in schizophrenia is atypical and non-optimal. This may relate to effort and metacognition but the direct influence of these factors remains to be demonstrated. The overall results open perspectives on the neuropsychological treatment of prospective memory in this population.

Revisiting Total Physical Response: Evaluating Its Impact on Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention in EFL Classrooms

This paper analyzes the impact of physical action on foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Total Physical Response (TPR) is a methodology developed half a century ago that was later abandoned, and there is now relatively little research into its potential for foreign language learning. The researchers aimed to revitalize this methodology and test its impact on vocabulary acquisition and retention in foreign language learning. The study was conducted at a secondary school in Iraq with twenty participants aged 14 to 15 years. A physical action game related to vocabulary spelling was integrated into English as Foreign Language (EFL) classes, after which participants were evaluated on vocabulary acquisition and retention. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to assess their subjective satisfaction with the methodology. The results indicate that this method significantly enhanced vocabulary acquisition and retention among the students, and their subjective satisfaction was notably high. Given the relatively small sample size, this study serves as a pilot study, to be validated on a larger scale in the future. The implications are relevant for curriculum designers as well as the development of psycholinguistic theory. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms responsible for improved vocabulary acquisition and retention when using this methodology in the context of emerging cognitive science and psychology.

Biomechanical analysis and teaching strategies of complex movements in physical education teaching

This study suggests a new method for evaluating students’ ordinariness of movement in professional physical education by developing an assessment algorithm based on the biomechanical analysis of complex motions. The study aims to provide purposeful and data-driven techniques for assessing and optimizing movement ability in intricate physical tasks by utilizing higher motion capture and deep learning (DL) approaches, especially the Updated African Buffalo Optimization Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (UABO-DCNN) categorization. The method includes collecting data utilizing high-precision movement capture equipment to research certain multifaceted movements, preprocessing trajectory data to extract kinematic, temporal, and spatial information, and increasing categorization algorithms with UABO-DCNN. The consequences specify that the algorithm can differentiate between normal and abnormal association patterns with outstanding accuracy. The UABO-DCNN model measures physical education teaching complex movements with accuracy (99.43%), precision (98.12%), recall (98.50%), F1-score (98.56%), and specificity (98.40%). Furthermore, the result is reliable, with a broader tendency toward instructive skill and individualized learning, which requires the development of physical education instruction actions by creating a culture of physical literacy and well-being. The implication of this employment includes an enhanced approach to promote optimal association skill increase in students, particularly for confronting complicated biomechanical measures.