ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Research Articles

The Potential Win-win Strategy for Healthy Aging and Environmental Protection: Environmental Volunteering.

To explore the physical activity level of community environmental volunteering (CEV) participants and the differences in physical functions and daily activity patterns between the older adults who engaged in intensive CEV (≥15hours/week) and non-intensive CEV (<15hours/week) groups. Cross-sectional study. Three recycling stations in Taiwan. In total, 113 community-dwelling older adults who regularly participated in CEV. The response rate was 53%. The ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer for the percentage of sedentary, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of CEV time and awaken time; the Jamar hand dynamometer for grip strength; and the MicroFET3 muscle testing dynamometer for knee extension strength. Analysis of covariance with the baseline characteristics as covariates. Overall, MVPA, light, and sedentary activities accounted for 53.73%, 41.10%, and 5.23% of CEV time, respectively. The intensive group (n = 61) displayed greater dominant handgrip strength (P = .004) and higher MVPA percentage in daily life (P = .044) than the non-intensive group (n = 52). CEV provides sufficient opportunities for older adults to perform physical activity. Intensive CEV is related to greater handgrip strength but not lower limb strength. Further study is needed to establish the causal relationship between CEV and health variates.

Comparison of physical activity levels among different sub-types of axial spondyloarthritis patients and healthy controls

Objectives The aim was to compare the physical activity levels among radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients, non-radiographic axSpA patients, and healthy controls and investigating the possible relationships between physical activity level and clinical features. Methods Thirty-four patients with radiographic axSpA (24 male), 33 patients with non-radiographic axSpA (23 male), and 35 age and sex-matched healthy controls (24 male) were included. The patients were assessed with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Physical activity was measured by using an accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). Results Physical and disease-related characteristics were comparable between groups (p > .05). Radiographic axSpA patients showed lesser physical activity compared to non-radiographic axSpA patients and healthy controls (p < .05). No difference was detected between non-radiographic axSpA patients and healthy controls (p > .05). Physical activity levels were correlated with different clinical features for each sub-type of axSpA. Decreased spinal mobility is the most correlated disease characteristic with lower physical activity level for both sub-types. Conclusion It seems that disease sub-type in axSpA may alter the physical activity levels. Increasing physical activity levels might need different approaches for different sub-types of axSpA.

Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire for adults in Syria

ABSTRACT The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a validated method for physical activity (PA) assessment used in many countries. This study compared two methods IPAQ-SF-SY and ActiGraph WGT3X-BT (AG) accelerometer in measuring PA and sedentary behavior (SB) in free-living conditions. A total of 52 working participants simultaneously wore the AG accelerometer for 7 days. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate reliability and validity of short-form Syrian version of questionnaire (IPAQ-SF-SY). In general, poor to moderate correlation was observed between answers of the IPAQ-SF-SY-1 and those of the IPAQ-SF-SY 2, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients ranging from 0.20 to 0.88 (p < 0.05). Among the tested group, the ICC ranged from 0.27 to 0.90 in women and from 0.37 to 0.94 in men. Regarding validity, we found a low positive correlation between PA measured by AG accelerometer and that obtained by the IPAQ-SF-SY. Correlations were highest for MVPA (r = 0.25), and lowest for vigorous activity (r = 0.01). The limits of agreement for estimated MVPA calculated by IPAQ-SF-SY versus the AG accelerometer, with upper and lower 95% LOA of −119.2 to 298.2 min/day. The IPAQ-SF-SY appears to overestimate the levels of physical activity, but underestimated sitting time, suggesting that the tool has problems in measuring the levels of PA in Syrian adults.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Associated with Static Balance in Young Adults.

Purpose: Regular physical activity (PA) strengthens muscles and improves balance and coordination of human body. The aim of this study was to examine whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors were related to static balance in young men and women. Design and setting: Cross-sectional community study. Participants: 86 healthy adults (50% women) aged 21.26 ± 2.11 years. Method: PA variables, including moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), sedentary time (SED), and sedentary breaks, were measured by accelerometers on wrist (ActiGraph WGT3X-BT). The static balance was tested in the bipedal stance with eyes open or closed. The movement of the center of pressure, including total sway path length (SP), sway velocity (SV), and sway area (SA), was recorded with a three-dimensional force platform (Kistler 9287CA). The associations between PA (MVPA/LPA/SED/sedentary breaks) and static balance (SP/SV/SA) were analyzed using mixed linear regression analyses, with adjustments for condition (eyes open/closed), sex, age, body mass index (BMI), total device wearing time, and PA*condition. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0. Results: Better performance was observed in eyes-open condition (p < 0.05). MVPA was negatively associated with SA (p = 0.030), and SED was positively associated with SA after adjustments, respectively (p = 0.0004). No significance was found in the association of light PA, SED, or sedentary breaks with other static balance variables, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing MVPA and less SED are associated with lower sway area measured by force platform, indicating more PA may related to better static balance in young adults.

Can the Childhood Physical Activity Questionnaire Be Used to Identify Physical Activity Levels in Children With Asthma?

Objective: Children with asthma who are physically active have a better quality of life, emphasizing the importance of activity monitoring and promotion in daily life. The validity of self-reported activity measurements has been questioned in pediatric populations. In this study, we aim to compare the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) with objectively measured PA using accelerometry.Design: In this comparison study, the pooled dataset of two cross-sectional studies was used, which prospectively home-monitored PA using the alternative self-report PAQ-C questionnaire as well as with the criterion standard accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X-BT and GT1M).Participants:Ninety children with pediatrician-diagnosed asthma participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures:Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relation between the PAQ-C and accelerometer data. The predictive value of the PAQ-C in differentiating between achieving and failing the recommended daily level of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) was evaluated with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The results showed weak to moderate correlations of the PAQ-C with the accelerometer data (r = 0.29–0.47). A PAQ-C cutoff of 3.09 showed the best performance on predicting whether the recommended level of MVPA was achieved. With this cutoff, 21 of the 39 children that did achieve their daily MVPA level (53.8% sensitivity) and 33 of the 46 children that did fail their daily MVPA level (71.7% specificity) were correctly classified. A PAQ-C score of 3.5 revealed a negative predictive value of 100% for assessing physical inactivity.Conclusion: This study revealed a weak relation between the PAQ-C and PA assessed with accelerometry. However, a PAQ-C score of 3.5 or higher might be used as a low-cost and easy-to-use PA screening tool for ruling out physical inactivity in a portion of the pediatric asthma population.Clinical Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Register: Trial NL6087.

Objectively measured preoperative physical activity is associated with time to functional recovery after hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer surgery: a pilot study

BackgroundSurgical resection is currently the cornerstone of hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancer treatment. A low preoperative aerobic fitness level has been identified as a modifiable risk factor associated with complications after major abdominal surgery. A person’s aerobic fitness is influenced by performing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study aims to determine the activity monitor measured levels of MVPA performed among patients on the waiting list for HPB cancer surgery and their association with postoperative outcomes.MethodsA prospective, observational multi-center cohort pilot study was conducted. Patients enlisted for resection surgery on suspicion of HPB (pre)malignancy were enrolled. Performed MVPA was measured by an Actigraph wGT3X-BT. Additionally, aerobic fitness was measured via the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, and (post)operative variables were collected from the electronic patient files. The association between MVPA and the pre- and postoperative variables was determined by univariate and multivariable (logistic) robust regression.ResultsA total of 38 participants, median age 66.0 (IQR 58.25–74.75) years, were enrolled. The median daily MVPA was 10.7 (IQR 6.9–18.0) min; only 8 participants met the Dutch MVPA guidelines. Participant’s age and aerobic fitness were associated with MVPA by multivariable statistical analysis. Time to functional recovery was 8 (IQR 5–12) days and was associated with MVPA and type of surgery (major/minor) in multivariable analysis.ConclusionSeventy-six percent of patients enlisted for resection of HPB (pre)malignancy performed insufficient MVPA. A higher level of MVPA was associated with a shorter time to functional recovery.

Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-Grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions among Older Adults.

Wrist-worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use. This study aimed to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviors metrics from three activity trackers (Polar Vantage M, Garmin Vivoactive 4s and Garmin Vivosport) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults. Participants (n = 28; 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three trackers. On a separate occasion, participants (n = 17 for each of the trackers) wore one (randomly assigned) tracker and a research-grade activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days. Both Garmin trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (p < 0.05). The MAPE for sleep time was within 10% for all the trackers tested, while it was far beyond 20% for all other movement behaviors metrics. The results suggested that all three trackers could be used for measuring sleep time with a high level of accuracy, and both Garmin trackers could also be used for step counts. All other output metrics should be used with caution. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes—individual use, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.

International study of 24-h movement behaviors of early years (SUNRISE): a pilot study from Bangladesh

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for children under 5 years of age in 2019. In response to these guidelines, this pilot study aimed to (i) determine the proportion of preschool children (ages 3-4 years) who met the WHO guidelines; (ii) examine the feasibility of the proposed protocol for the SUNRISE study; and (iii) assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement behaviors of preschool children in Bangladesh.MethodsTime spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep were objectively measured using two types of accelerometers (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT and ActivPAL4). Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via parent questionnaire. Fine and gross motor skills were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (3rd edition). Three executive functions were assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Focus groups were conducted with parents and childcare staff to determine the feasibility of the protocol. Follow-up data during COVID-19 pandemic was collected from parents over phone.ResultsData from 63 preschool-aged children and their parents was analyzed in this pilot study. Only three children (4.7%) met all components of the WHO guidelines. Separately, children meeting physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep guidelines were 71.9%, 17.5%, and 59.7% respectively. The proportion of all children who were developmentally on-track for the gross and fine motor skills was 58.7% and 50.8%, respectively. Parents and educators reported that the protocol was feasible except for the activPAL-4 accelerometer. Approximately, 39% of children (14 out of 37) who wore this device developed itchy skin and rashes resulting in the suspension of using this device mid-way through data collection. During COVID-19, there was a significant decrease in children’s total physical activity (− 193 min/day), and time spent outside on weekdays (− 75 min/day) and weekend days (− 131 min/day) and a significant increase in sedentary screen time (+85 min/day).ConclusionOnly a low proportion of children met the WHO guidelines. Methods and devices (except ActivPAL4) used in this pilot study proved to be feasible and this has paved the way to conduct the main SUNRISE study in Bangladesh. Future measures should be taken to address the issue of movement behaviors of children during the time of pandemics like COVID-19.

Fighting Hypertension In The Digital Age - A Lifestyle Intervention To Promote Physical Activity

PURPOSE: Although activity trackers are widely utilized, little is known about the effectiveness of activity trackers alone or combined with additional behavior change strategies to promote healthy lifestyles in individuals with pre-hypertension or hypertension. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with behavior change strategies for promoting physical activity (PA) among individuals with pre-hypertension or hypertension. METHODS: A sample of 44 adults with pre-hypertension or hypertension (68% female) were randomized to receive either a Fitbit Charge HR 3 alone (FB) or the Fitbit in combination with behavior change strategies delivered by a trained health coach (FB+) for 12 weeks. Activity behaviors were assessed using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, and psychological measures of social support, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and self-motivation were assessed using validated questionnaires. Compliance of wear time and daily activity data were tracked by Fitbit. The within-group and between-group effect size of Cohen’s d for change scores were calculated in the PA outcomes and psychological measures. The effect of the intervention on change in PA was tested with multiple linear regression controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS: Participants in FB+ had higher adherence with an average of 70.4 valid days (at least 10 h/day) out of 84 days in total compared to FB (65.0 days). The FB+ group showed significant increases in daily steps (+1854 steps/day, p < .01), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA; +26 mins/day, p < .05), and decreases in sedentary time (-63 mins/day, p < .01). A similar pattern was found in participants from the FB but with smaller change from baseline to post-intervention (steps: +764/day, p < .1; MVPA: +10 mins/day, p < .05; sedentary time: -89 mins/day, p < .01). Participants from FB+ had significantly greater increases in MVPA/day compared to FB only group with a between-group effect size of 0.6 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that the usage of Fitbit for self-monitoring is effective in increasing PA and reducing sedentary time among pre-hypertensive and hypertensive participants. Additional behavior change support amplified the intervention effectiveness for promoting MVPA.

Impact of the Childcare Physical Activity (PLAY) Policy on Young Children's Physical Activity and Sedentary Time: A Pilot Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The importance of daily physical activity is crucial for healthy development during the early years. Currently, a formal written physical activity policy is lacking in Canadian childcare centers, but holds promise for offering consistent physical activity opportunities. With eight recommendations, the Childcare PLAY policy is an evidence-informed, institutional-level document, targeting children’s physical activity, outdoor play, and sedentary time. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the Childcare Physical Activity (PLAY) policy on the physical activity and sedentary time of young children (18 months–4 years) in childcare. Methods: Nine childcare centers in London, Ontario participated in the cluster, randomized controlled trial. The centers in the control condition (n = 4) continued their typical daily routines, while the centers in the intervention condition (n = 5) implemented the PLAY policy for eight weeks. To assess physical activity levels, toddlers and preschoolers wore ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers for five consecutive days during childcare hours, at baseline, mid- and post-intervention, and at the six-month follow-up. Raw accelerometry data were converted to 15 s epochs, and age- and device-specific cut-points were applied. The participants with two or more days of at least 5 h/day of wear-time at baseline, and at one additional time point, were included in the linear mixed-effects models. An adjusted alpha (p < 0.017) was used to account for multiple comparison bias. Results: A total of 148 children (31.92 ± 7.41 months) had valid accelerometry data. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in light physical activity among the participants in the experimental group at the six-month follow-up (+1.07 min/h, an 11.16% increase; p = 0.0017). The intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on the total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or sedentary time. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the Childcare PLAY policy was effective at increasing the toddlers’ and preschoolers’ light physical activity. This pilot intervention appears promising for supporting some improved movement behaviors among children in childcare settings; however, additional investigations are needed to explore the feasibility and effectiveness with larger and more-diverse samples.

Validation of the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Accelerometer for Step Counts at Five Different Body Locations in Laboratory Settings

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the validity of the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for step counts (SC) at five different body locations in laboratory settings. A total of 29 male adults participated in this study. The participants walked or ran for different speeds on the treadmill while wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on their right wrist (RW), left wrist (LW), waist, right ankle (RA), and right upper arm (RUA). Both the video camera and each ActiGraph recorded SC simultaneously. The waist, RUA (6, 8, 10 km/hr and total), and RA (4 and 6 km/hr) showed small Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values (<5%) and good agreement with Bland–Altman plots. However, the waist (2 and 4 km/hr), RUA (2 and 4 km/hr), RA (2, 8, 10 km/hr and total), RW, and LW showed high MAPE. In conclusion, the waist and RUA are valid for the total SC during walking and running in the laboratory setting.

Examining the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep measures in people with schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with a more than doubled risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors for CVD include low levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep problems. These risk factors are not systematically assessed by health services. AimsExamine the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of tools measuring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. MethodsThirty participants with schizophrenia measured their physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on their wrist and waist, and recorded their sleep using the SleepBot smartphone app for 7 days. After 7 days they completed the 5-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) to retrospectively measure their physical activity and sedentary behaviour over the study period. Concurrent SIMPAQ and SleepBot validity and inter-rater reliability were assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A qualitative interview was conducted at the end of the study to assess acceptability. ResultsThe tools were feasible: 93% of participants provided valid wear-time accelerometry data and 83% provided SleepBot data. The SIMPAQ showed moderate concurrent validity but poor agreement for moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and moderate validity and agreement as a measure of sedentary behaviour. The SleepBot app showed poor concurrent validity and agreement for measures of sleep. The qualitative interviews demonstrated the tools were acceptable. ConclusionMonitoring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by accelerometry, smartphone and questionnaire was feasible and acceptable to people with schizophrenia. The SIMPAQ could be a valid and appropriate tool for routine clinical use.

Association between the school physical activity environment, measured and self-reported student physical activity and active transport behaviours in Victoria, Australia

BackgroundEnvironments within schools including the physical, social-cultural and policy/practice environments have the potential to influence children’s physical activity (PA) behaviours and weight status. This Australian first study comprehensively examined the association(s) of physical, social-cultural and policy/practice environments with PA, active transport (AT) and weight status among regional primary school children.MethodsData were from two childhood obesity monitoring systems in regional Victoria, Australia. Measured height and weight were collected from students in Year 2 (aged approx. 7–8 years), Year 4 (9–10 years), and Year 6 (11–12 years). Self–reported PA behaviour, including AT were collected from students in Year 4 and 6 and a sub-sample wore an ActiGraph (wGT3X-BT) accelerometer for 7-days. A school physical activity environment audit was completed by the school principal and responses were used to calculate school physical activity environment scores (PAES) and active transport environment scores (ATES). Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the proportion of students meeting the PA guidelines (≥60mins/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA) and PAES tertiles (low, medium, high) and those using AT and school ATES tertiles, controlling for gender, school size/type and socioeconomic composition.ResultsThe analysed sample included 54/146 (37%) schools and 3360/5376 (64%) students. In stratified analysis, girls in schools with a medium PAES score were more likely to meet the objectively measured PA guideline compared to low PAES score (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.27, 4.16). Similarly, students in schools with a medium or high ATES score had higher odds of self-reported AT (medium OR 3.15, 95%CI 1.67, 5.94; high OR 3.71, 95%CI: 1.80, 7.64). No association between PAES or ATES and weight status were observed. Self-reported AT among boys (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.19, 2.13) and girls (OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.08, 2.27) was associated with higher odds of meeting self-reported PA guidelines on all 7-days than those who did not report using AT.ConclusionsIn this study of regional Victorian primary schools, PA environments were only associated with girls’ adherence to PA guidelines. School AT environments were strongly associated with students’ AT behaviours and with increased likelihood of students being physically active.

Is the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) a valid assessment tool for measuring physical activity of patients with axial spondyloartritis?

BackgroundDetermining the level of physical activity (PA) is an essential part of patient evaluation in axial spondylarthritis (axSpA). Subjective and objective methods are both frequently used methods for evaluating PA. Although subjective methods are cost-effective and easy to use, their accuracy for measuring PA is still questionable. ObjectiveTo investigate the concurrent criterion validity of a self-reported questionnaire (IPAQ-Short Form) when compared to an accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) for measuring PA level in patients with axSpA. DesignCross-sectional design. MethodsFifty-eight patients with axSpA with a median age of 39.0 (IQR 25/75: 30.0/46.0) years were included in the study. An accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) was attached to the waist of patients at their first visits and was removed at their second visits, seven days later. Patients were asked to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ) at their second visits. ResultsNo significant correlations were determined between IPAQ and accelerometer (p > 0.05), except for the moderate PA (rho: 0.367, p < 0.05), and total PA (rho: 0.330, p < 0.05). It was also observed that IPAQ was underestimating energy expenditure for all types of PA. ConclusionIPAQ might not be a valid tool for measuring PA level in patients with axSpA. Disease-specific subjective methods for determining the PA should be developed and validated for those patients.

497-P: Weekdays or Weekends? Does Timing of Physical Activity Assessment Matter in Hispanic/Latino Adults with or at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes?

Increasing physical activity (PA) in minority populations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is likely to have important cardiometabolic benefits. The aim of this study is to determine feasibility and acceptability of using wearable accelerometers to assess PA, as part of creating a unique, real-world dataset on health determinants, in Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk for T2D. PA was measured using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT worn on the right hip 24 hours/day for 7 consecutive days. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and Metabolic Syndrome Score (MetS z) were calculated in 157 Hispanic/Latino participants [107 women, (mean ±SD) age 56.7 ± 11.0 years, (median [IQR]) HbA1c 7.6 [6.5, 9.4] %]. For those diagnosed with T2D, n=133, duration of diabetes was 13.2±9.0 years. There were significant correlations between Weekday steps and age (-0.31), waist circumference (WC) (-0.30), and BMI (-0.22) (p In conclusion, PA during Weekdays is higher than Weekends for Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk for T2D. Weekday steps were also associated with a smaller WC and thus lower cardiometabolic risk. In this population, women were significantly more obese and insulin resistant than men. Disclosure W. C. Bevier: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company. A. J. Larez: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company. C. Conneely: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company. N. M. Glantz: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company. K. N. Castorino: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Abbott Laboratories, Dexcom, Inc., Drawbridge Health, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Elsevier, Lilly Diabetes, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Glooko, Inc. Funding Eli Lilly and Company

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

BackgroundSarcopenia is an age‐related muscle disease primarily characterized by reductions in muscle strength that increases the risk of falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Exercise is currently preferred in prevention and treatment, but it is unknown how different habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns associate with sarcopenia status. The purpose of the present study was to compare associations of these patterns with probable sarcopenia in older adults.MethodsIn 3653 community‐dwelling participants (51% women) aged 60–84 years from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, we assessed objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour collected over 8 days (ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT Accelerometer), grip strength (Jamar+ Digital Dynamometer), five‐repetition chair stands, and self‐reported disease. We combined tertiles of sedentary (SED) time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to create nine different activity profiles (SEDHIGH, SEDMOD, and SEDLOW combined with MVPAHIGH, MVPAMOD, or MVPALOW). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine how these profiles associated with probable sarcopenia, defined by low handgrip strength and/or slow chair stands time according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria.ResultsProbable sarcopenia was present in 227 (6.2%) participants. Men with probable sarcopenia had on average 35.3 min more SED time and 20 min less MVPA compared with participants without sarcopenia (P < 0.01 for all), while women with probable sarcopenia only had 18 min less MVPA (P < 0.001). Compared with the SEDHIGH–MVPALOW reference activity profile (714.2 min SED/day and 10.4 min MVPA/day), the SEDHIGH–MVPAMOD profile (697.1 min SED/day and 31.5 min MVPA/day) had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for probable sarcopenia (OR 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.35), while the SEDLOW–MVPALOW profile (482.9 min SED/day and 11.0 min MVPA/day) did not (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47–1.11). These findings were not influenced by age, sex, smoking, or self‐reported diseases, and higher levels of MVPA did not further decrease ORs for probable sarcopenia.ConclusionsOlder adults who achieve moderate amounts of MVPA have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia, even when they have high sedentary time. Those with low sedentary time did not have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia when they also had low amounts of MVPA. These findings need confirmation in longitudinal studies but suggest that interventions for preventing sarcopenia should prioritize increasing MVPA over reducing sedentary behaviour.

N01 Does physical activity positively impact fatigue in individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) often experience the problematic and burdensome symptom of fatigue, both during periods of relapse and remission. The optimal management of fatigue in IBD is uncertain, however there is evidence suggesting that physical activity is likely to be a beneficial way of managing the symptom. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between fatigue and objective measurements of both physical activity metrics and varying intensities of physical activity for individuals with IBD. Methods A multi-centred, European, cross-sectional, correlational study was employed. A consecutive sample of 187 patients with Crohn’s disease (59%) or ulcerative colitis (41%) were recruited from six IBD centres in the Republic of Ireland (42%), United Kingdom (40%) and Denmark (18%). Fatigue was measured using the IBD-Fatigue (IBD-F) scale, including both the level of fatigue (IBD-F, Section 1) and impact of fatigue (IBD-F, Section 2). Physical activity was objectively measured using scientifically validated triaxial accelerometers (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) during seven consecutive days. Results A moderate level of fatigue (IBD-F Section 1 Md (IQR) = 10 (6 – 13)), predominantly intermittent in nature (72%) was reported by participants (57.4% female; 59% Crohn’s disease; 43% active disease). Participants self-reported sleeping an average of 8.7 hours over the seven nights. During the week, the intensity of activity was predominantly sedentary (Md 5 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes) or light (Md 19 hours, 35 minutes). The median moderate-to-vigorous intensity of physical activity per day was 32.2 minutes and step count over the week was 47052 steps. There was no evidence of a unique linear or non-linear relationship between each of the objective measurements of physical activity with IBD-related fatigue. This lack of evidence extended separately to patients in remission and to patients with active disease. These findings are in the context of a statistically significant moderately-strong relationship between disease activity (measured using both HBI and SCCAI) and level of fatigue for both patients of Crohn’s disease (rs = .327, p = .001, n = 96) and ulcerative colitis (rs = .353, p = .003, n = 71). Conclusion This large multi-centred study shows no association between objective measurements of physical activity and IBD-fatigue. These findings suggest that engaging or not engaging in physical activity has no differential impact on self-assessment of fatigue.

223 Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality in Chronic Cannabis Users and Non-Users

Abstract Introduction Cannabis use is on the rise in the United States, with 10% of adults reporting cannabis use in the past 30 days. Users commonly report consuming cannabis to improve sleep despite the lack of research that supports an association between cannabis use and sleep. In this pilot study we sought to examine objective measures of sleep duration and sleep quality among non- and chronic-cannabis users, and any patterns in relation to the time since consumption of cannabis. Methods Chronic cannabis users (cannabis used 2 or more times/week) and non-users provided up to 2-weeks of actigraphy (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), worn on the wrist and verified by sleep diary. Chronic cannabis users also reported the date, time, amount, and route of their cannabis use. Mixed-effects models with participant as a random factor were used to examine: 1) the relationship between daily sleep parameters in cannabis non-users vs. users; and 2) the elapsed time between cannabis use and time in bed in chronic cannabis users. Results Chronic cannabis users (n=6) and non-users (n=7) collectively provided 151 nights of sleep. Participant characteristics (38.5% female; age, 25.8 years ± 4 years; BMI, 23.4 kg/m2 ± 3.4 kg/m2) did not significantly differ between groups. Cannabis use was associated with decreased total sleep time (measured in hours, ß=-0.58, p&amp;lt;0.001) and increased wake after sleep onset (WASO, ß=32.79, p=0.005), but not with the number of awakenings (ß=6.02, p=0.068). Among chronic cannabis users, cannabis use within two hours of bed was associated with increased sleep latency compared to use greater than two hours (ß=6.66, p=0.026). There was no association between time of cannabis use and WASO (p=0.621) or the number of awakenings (p=0.617). Conclusion In this pilot study of objectively measured sleep, we found that chronic cannabis use compared to non-use is associated with decreased sleep duration of otherwise healthy adults. Cannabis used closer to bedtime is associated with increased sleep latency. Additional studies that are able to assess the mode and dosage of use are needed to further understand the effects of cannabis and its components on sleep. Support (if any) KL2TR002370, AASM, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences

The Effect of a Consumer-Based Activity Tracker Intervention on Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time Among Retirees: A Randomized Controlled REACT Trial.

BackgroundEffective strategies to reverse the increasing trend of sedentary behavior after retirement are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12-month activity tracker-based intervention on daily total and prolonged sedentary time (≥60 minutes) among recent retirees.MethodsRandomization to intervention and control groups was performed to 231 retirees (mean age 65.2 [SD 1.1] years, 83% women). Intervention participants wore a consumer-based wrist-worn activity tracker (Polar Loop 2, Polar, Kempele, Finland), including daily activity goal, every day and night for 12 months. The activity tracker also gave vibrating reminders to break up uninterrupted inactivity periods after 55 minutes. A wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer was used to measure sedentary time at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points.ResultsThe use of an activity tracker did not reduce daily total or prolonged sedentary time over 12 months (p values for time * group interaction 0.39 and 0.27, respectively). In the post hoc analysis focusing on short- and medium-term effects on prolonged sedentary time, no differences between the intervention and control groups over 3 months were found, but a tendency for a greater decrease in prolonged sedentary time in the intervention group over 6 months was seen (mean difference in changes between the groups 29 minutes, 95% CI −2 to 61).ConclusionsThe activity tracker with inactivity alerts did not elicit changes in sedentary time over 12 months among recent retirees. Alternative approaches may be needed to achieve long-term changes in sedentary time among retirees. Clinical Trials registration Number: NCT03320746

Effectiveness of a Smartphone App to Promote Healthy Weight Gain, Diet, and Physical Activity During Pregnancy (HealthyMoms): Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundExcessive gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy is a major public health concern associated with negative health outcomes for both mother and child. Scalable interventions are needed, and digital interventions have the potential to reach many women and promote healthy GWG. Most previous studies of digital interventions have been small pilot studies or have not included women from all BMI categories. We therefore examined the effectiveness of a smartphone app in a large sample (n=305) covering all BMI categories.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a 6-month intervention (the HealthyMoms app) on GWG, body fatness, dietary habits, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), glycemia, and insulin resistance in comparison to standard maternity care.MethodsA 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Women in early pregnancy at maternity clinics in Östergötland, Sweden, were recruited. Eligible women who provided written informed consent completed baseline measures, before being randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention (n=152) or control group (n=153). The control group received standard maternity care while the intervention group received the HealthyMoms smartphone app for 6 months (which includes multiple features, eg, information; push notifications; self-monitoring; and feedback features for GWG, diet, and physical activity) in addition to standard care. Outcome measures were assessed at Linköping University Hospital at baseline (mean 13.9 [SD 0.7] gestational weeks) and follow-up (mean 36.4 [SD 0.4] gestational weeks). The primary outcome was GWG and secondary outcomes were body fatness (Bod Pod), dietary habits (Swedish Healthy Eating Index) using the web-based 3-day dietary record Riksmaten FLEX, MVPA using the ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer, glycemia, and insulin resistance.ResultsOverall, we found no statistically significant effect on GWG (P=.62); however, the data indicate that the effect of the intervention differed by pre-pregnancy BMI, as women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy gained less weight in the intervention group as compared with the control group in the imputed analyses (–1.33 kg; 95% CI –2.92 to 0.26; P=.10) and completers-only analyses (–1.67 kg; 95% CI –3.26 to –0.09; P=.031]). Bayesian analyses showed that there was a 99% probability of any intervention effect on GWG among women with overweight and obesity, and an 81% probability that this effect was over 1 kg. The intervention group had higher scores for the Swedish Healthy Eating Index at follow-up than the control group (0.27; 95% CI 0.05-0.50; P=.017). We observed no statistically significant differences in body fatness, MVPA, glycemia, and insulin resistance between the intervention and control group at follow up (P≥.21).ConclusionsAlthough we found no overall effect on GWG, our results demonstrate the potential of a smartphone app (HealthyMoms) to promote healthy dietary behaviors as well as to decrease weight gain during pregnancy in women with overweight and obesity.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03298555; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298555International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/13011