Active Citizenship Research Articles

The Legal System for Political Parties in Jordan in Light of Law No. 7 of 2022

Law No. 7 of 2022 represents a significant shift in the legal framework for political parties in Jordan, aiming to modernize the political environment and enhance democracy. This new law sets out the conditions for the establishment and membership of political parties, regulates their financing and activities, with a strong emphasis on transparency and accountability. Additionally, it seeks to enhance active citizen participation in political life by simplifying registration procedures and providing government financial support contingent on adherence to legal standards. The law also includes provisions to protect the rights of political parties and their members, and aims to strengthen the role of parties in parliament by encouraging alliances and presenting comprehensive political programs. Despite potential challenges in its implementation, Law No. 7 of 2022 provides a comprehensive legal framework aimed at developing the party system in Jordan, thereby promoting political stability and democratic development.

Blocking Oil Development in Yasuní National Park: Ecuador’s Unprecedented Strides Towards Environmental Justice

This paper explores Ecuador's proposal to protect Block 43 of the Yasuní National Park from oil drilling through the Yasuní-ITT Initiative proposed in 2007. The paper will examine why the initiative failed and how community activists responded. Ultimately, it will argue that the Yasuní-ITT Initiative upheld environmental justice through its assertion of a moral economy and its potential to help Ecuador step away from oil dependency and protect the rights of Indigenous communities, particularly the two tribes living in voluntary isolation in the Yasuní region. When the initiative was terminated and Indigenous communities were not consulted in the decision to begin drilling for heavy crude oil, citizen activism and mobilization of democracy through a referendum reasserted environmental justice and Indigenous rights.

Comparing Science Curriculum for Primary Education in Greece and Serbia

This research systematically compares the science curricula of primary education in Greece and Serbia, aiming to identify key similarities and differences that impact educational outcomes in each context. The study provides a nuanced understanding of these educational landscapes by examining the frameworks for teaching science and revealing how national policies, pedagogical approaches, and cultural contexts influence curriculum development in both nations. The study looks at a number of topics, including curriculum content, instructional strategies, evaluation methods, and general educational goals that are common in every country's educational system. The study emphasizes the historical pedagogy that has shaped these educational systems and each nation's particular difficulties over the years, including sociopolitical elements that have impacted educational reforms, such as wars and regime changes. Additionally, the study supports PISA results, which highlight the value of encouraging students to apply their knowledge to real-world situations and cultivating the critical thinking and social awareness necessary for active citizenship. The study also considers historical events when designing curricula, showing how educational frameworks are connected to particular historical contexts and how these influences impact pedagogical approaches and content. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each system and promoting the discussion of curriculum innovation in a quickly changing global education environment, this comparative analysis provides insightful information for possible educational reforms that could help both nations.

Agent-based model for forecasting the impact of the population life quality on migration movement in the context of the Russian Federation federal districts.

The Russian Federation is characterized by an extremely uneven distribution of the population across the country, which contributes to the asymmetry of economic and socio-demographic development of the regions, a shortage of qualified specialists for the development of the resources of Siberia and the Far East, and an increase in global risks in general. In this regard, the use of modern management technologies, in particular, multi-agent simulation modeling, to support decision-making on managing migration processes becomes relevant. Since the main incentive for active citizens to change their place of residence is investing in the development of the region and providing the necessary conditions for a comfortable life, the purpose of the study is to develop an agent-based model for forecasting the impact of the population life quality on migration flows between the federal districts of the Russian Federation. One of the tasks solved using the model is to track the direction of migrant movement relative to the Republic of Bashkortostan when changing the controlled parameters. The simulation model was designed using modern CASE tools; UML diagrams and a mnemonic diagram of the decision-making support process for managing the demographic development of the region were built in the course of the work. Scenario experiments were conducted to predict changes in the population size in the study areas. Within the framework of the research, the authors applied the object-oriented methodology of simulation model design, agent-based approach for its implementation, as well as an agent-oriented approach for its implementation and statistical analysis methods when setting up experiments. The toolkit developed as a result of the study can be used by the representatives of executive authorities and government officials to develop a balanced resettlement policy, assess the possibility and conditions for developing regions of the Russian Federation with low population density.

A framework for the consolidation and defence of citizens' democracy

The broad aim of this paper is to sketch out how random political recruitment could impact positively on modern democracy. It starts from the premise that our evaluation of this selection procedure and our design thinking in respect to its possible applications should start from the qualities of the lottery process itself. I focus on the 'blind break': the exclusion of rational choice and preference from a lottery decision. The paper then links this to a number of accounts of the use of lotteries given in Ostrom (1990) and with the triadic view of justice via mediation found in the work of Shapiro (1981). This enables us to view the lottery as an anonymous mediator. From this lottery-derived perspective we can then view mediated processes as vital requirements for the establishment of agreed, shared, political order. The rest of the paper explores how and where in modern democracies random recruitment can be used to strengthen this mediative role in a way that ensures the citizens' sense of inclusive ownership of, and control over, the political process. Central to this is the role of the active citizen. The paper also includes discussions on weighted lotteries, voluntary or compulsory participation, and how lottery selection can be used to complement and strengthen the electoral process.

The Potential of Science Education for Development of Responsible Citizenship in Ukraine

Our research focuses on how sociocultural processes can foster responsible citizenship in Ukraine through scientific literacy within an overarching philosophical narrative. In particular, the authors aim to outline various dilemmas, beginning with the ambiguities that science education faces when confronting notions of good citizenship within differing sociocultural contexts. Hence, we focus on the ethical and moral aspects of citizenship within a science education agenda that is not reducible to the learning of scientific facts. We show that it is an essential instrument for developing critical rationality, moral judgment and civic involvement. This agenda is centered around the development of scientific literacy, motivating students to engage in their own auto-didactic pursuit of scientific inquiry. The authors maintain that this sense of curiosity and critical engagement is bound to translate into an ability to make sense of difficult ethical and social Ukrainian terrain as well as positively influence approaches to pedagogical education. We further examine Ukrainian science education curriculum in the context of the broader national and global challenges of attaining scientific literacy as a foundational pillar of any future learning and teaching. More specifically, the authors propose a policy rooted in evidence-based inquiry as a centerpiece of all progressive education to allow students to develop the tools they need to become better informed, active citizens able to bring about positive societal shifts. The findings of our study relate to the call for educational reform in Ukraine through the modernization of both its physical and pedagogical infrastructure. The case is made for creating a strong foundation of scientifically-minded attitudes amongst the well-informed citizenry, which will lead to a generation able to consider and address complex ethical and social issues. The research interprets its results in terms of a broader philosophical and educational discourse with a view as to how military conflicts can affect the producing an informed population able to direct its concerted efforts towards the development of sustainable, equitable progress that serves both the individual and society at large.

What does wellbeing look like in the Chin community in Melbourne?

PurposeVictoria is one of the most diverse states in Australia. With emerging refugee communities such as the Chin community, it is important to consider steps to support and increase productivity of Chin community members to be active citizens. This study therefore aims to understand one of the most essential and fundamental aspect of living a productive life: Wellbeing.Design/methodology/approachThrough the review of previous literature on refugees’ wellbeing including Chin people around the world, an interview method prevailed as the ideal method of data collection. A total of five active Chin community leaders across south-east and north-west of Melbourne were recruited as participants to represent more than ten thousand Chin(s) residing in Melbourne. Through the assistant of guiding questions prepared by the researcher, participants were interviewed individually via Zoom.FindingsResponses across the five participants produce similarity yet unique results. Findings shows that a complete positive state of wellbeing is still a working process for settling Chin community members as negative appears to outweigh positive factors. Nonetheless, it is recommended that community workers, local councils and government to further strengthen their assistant and support in barriers and issues impacting the overall health and wellbeing of Chin community members.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample in this study strictly focuses on the responses of five Chin community leaders and workers across Victoria and therefore it is difficult to generalise about the impact on the overall Chin community population in Melbourne. The majority of participants in this research revealed that they wore more than one hat in their service to the Chin community. For example, some community leaders were also serving as active and current volunteers and leaders in their Church groups. Due to this, it is uncertain whether this impacted the responses of participants such as prioritising religious perspectives above community perspectives.Originality/valueFuture studies will be appreciated to build on this research to further elaborate and identify other elements of wellbeing that could increase productivity and participation amongst Chin community members to improve their overall wellbeing.

Specifics of the formation of pedagogical university students’ civic identity and subjectivity

Introduction. The article examines the problem of the development of civic education in a globalizing society. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of civic identity and subjectivity in pedagogical university students. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve this goal, a thematic review of Russian and international studies on the development of civic education in a globalizing society has been carried out. The research methodology includes a systematic approach, theoretical and methodological analysis, as well as psychodiagnostic and statistical research methods. Results. The article examines topical issues of civic education and the policy of youth involvement in social processes. It identifies key teaching practices that contribute to the development of civic engagement. The authors present the results of the analysis of educational strategies influence on the development of students’ civic subjectivity and the identification of effective teaching methods that enhance civic identity and youth participation in democratic processes. It is emphasized that the integration of active teaching methods, such as public initiatives and role-playing games, contributes not only to increasing students' motivation, but also their willingness to participate in political processes. The authors note that educational programs should be adapted to the modern requirements of society and include elements of civic education to form active and responsible citizens. Conclusions. In conclusion, the findings suggest that successful implementation of educational strategies aimed at developing civic subjectivity requires a comprehensive approach that combines active teaching methods with practical application of knowledge in students' real lives. The results of the study highlight the necessity for educational institutions to continuously work on creating a democratic environment that fosters the development of an active civic stance among youth.

“Green Cities:” A Panel Discussion Activity for Promoting Pre-Service Teachers’ Skills Oriented toward Environmental Education

The purpose of this study was to analyze the potentialities of a learning module, created within an Erasmus+ project, which involved pre-service elementary teachers in a socio-scientific scenario related to green cities. The participants were involved in a panel discussion activity, with the main objective of discussing and reflecting on how to transform a particular city into a green city, taking into account the perspectives of the different stakeholders. A total of 60 pre-service teachers and one teacher educator were involved. In this case study, data were collected through a pre- and post-questionnaire, on the importance of a set of transversal skills at a professional and personal level, two focus-group interviews, and a panel discussion analysis. The results revealed that this activity has the potential to promote pre-service teachers’ competence to assume a holistic view of an environmental issue, contributing to the development of their capacity to make “justified decision-making.” It also allowed pre-service teachers to experience and reflect on new visions of science education from a learner’s perspective. These outcomings are extremely important for helping pre-service teachers to create innovative learning contexts capable of promoting more critical, responsible, and proenvironmental active citizens.

The Role of Education in Political Socialization of the Nigerian Citizens: Implication For Primary Education

Education, especially at the primary level, serves as the foundation for instilling democratic values, civic responsibility, and political awareness. This study used a survey research design to examine the role of education in political socialization in Aguata Local Government Area. A sample of 100 participants from selected communities was surveyed using a structured questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale. Data analysis applied a 2.5 mean cutoff for acceptance. The findings reveal that primary education significantly contributes to the political socialization of children, equipping them with the necessary knowledge and skills to understand political systems and engage in democratic processes. Key elements such as political education in schools, exposure to mass media, and participation in civic activities were identified as critical factors in shaping political dispositions. However, the study also highlights challenges such as inadequate political education, limited resources, and the need for curriculum reforms to foster a more inclusive and effective political socialization process. The study highlights the importance of integrating comprehensive civic education into primary school curricula to promote national unity, enhance political engagement, and prepare young Nigerians to become responsible, active citizens. The findings suggest that strengthening political socialization at the primary education level is vital for ensuring the development of a politically conscious and participatory citizenry, which is essential for the sustainable growth of Nigeria’s democracy

The Taxpayer Netizen: understanding Fiscal Citizenship in the digital era

This article analyses the trajectory of the conception of citizenship from the classical tradition to the modern version, in light of fiscal roles in Western liberal States. The discussion reveals how, in the post-War period, taxation has become the key factor of the modern State’s economic platform, changing the perception of citizens’ duties. Such a change goes beyond conventional voting and other forms of political engagement to new civic responsibility known as fiscal citizenship. Within this conceptual framework, citizens relinquish rights, such as access to public services, in return for duties – the most significant being the obligation to pay taxes, thus creating a new type of association between the individual and the State. The article also analyses the consequences of digitization on this emergent form of citizenship. Since governance and citizen activities are increasingly shifting towards digital space, tax payments and fiscal compliance are simultaneously moving to the online domain. This shift has led to the appearance of the ‘netizen’ taxpayer, defined as a digital citizen who mainly interacts with the State in the digital environment. In this context, we aim to understand how digitization affects citizens’ understanding of their rights and obligations as regards an integrated and globalized digital economy. Problems and prospects of this process are considered, especially in relation to governance and economic equity. Big Tech and the digital economy have led to substantial generation of wealth, giving rise to questions concerning equitable redistribution. The concept of ‘digital redistribution’ is thus identified as a key area of governance requiring formulation of policies that guarantee that the advantages of the digital economy are not monopolized. The article concludes by examining the extent to which traditional assumptions about civic identity, rights and responsibilities are impacted by the interplay between fiscal and digital citizenship.

Standards for Intercultural Education in North Macedonia: Fostering Global Citizenship and Inclusive Societies

This paper discusses the creation and implementation of the first Standards for Intercultural Education in North Macedonia, which are applicable throughout the entire primary school level. Although The National Education Program, i.e., The Comprehensive Strategy for Education and Action Plan 2018-2025 of North Macedonia, addresses the importance of ensuring quality control of the educational process, until 2021, no standards existed for both primary and secondary education in the country. The existence of intercultural standards should play a crucial role in fostering inclusive societies and preparing young individuals to navigate diverse global environments. Given that active citizenship and inclusion are the fundamental values of the EU, the drafting and ratification of these standards in the country was prioritized as the cornerstone of promoting multiculturalism and intercultural integration. The paper gives an overview of the national and international documents that have been used as the foundation in the drafting of these standards. The way in which these standards have been created, and the pedagogical and didactical principles upon which they were organized will be discussed. The paper aims to highlight the key principles and practices of intercultural education as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the approved standards in North Macedonia. Through the analysis of those standards and the practical samples provided, this paper underscores the importance of intercultural education standards in the country but also in promoting inclusive societies, enhancing cultural awareness, and preparing individuals to thrive in an interconnected world, thus hopefully reducing stereotypes, prejudices, and even radicalization.

МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНІ ЗАСОБИ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ В МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ

Introduction. An important stage in the education of younger schoolchildren is also the formation of civic consciousness, which contributes to the development of responsible, conscious and active members of society. At this age, children form basic ideas about the rules of social behavior, the importance of helping others, the value of honesty, justice and patriotism. The main methods for achieving this are interactive, game and creative approaches that help schoolchildren better learn the concept of "citizen rights and responsibilities". Multimedia tools play an important role in the formation of civic consciousness in younger schoolchildren, as they allow teaching civic values ​​in an understandable, interesting and interactive way. Thanks to multimedia technologies that combine text, sound, images and interactive elements, students absorb information more easily and show greater interest in learning. The purpose of the paper is substantiation of multimedia tools as a tool for forming civic consciousness in younger schoolchildren. Methods. A feature of teaching in primary school is the visualization of the material, and one of the most effective approaches to this is the visual-figurative method using multimedia tools. Teachers need to constantly improve their competence in the use of new forms and methods of education, as well as in the use of multimedia to support the educational process and involve younger students. The use of multimedia tools in the educational process can significantly increase its efficiency. Studies by scientists show that in classrooms where information and multimedia technologies are used, the educational process has a number of advantages: students perceive the material better, their interest increases (after all, it is difficult to surprise a modern child), there is an individualization of learning and the development of creative abilities. In addition, the number of tedious types of work is reduced, and a variety of audiovisual means (music, graphics, animation) activate students, contribute to the dynamic presentation of material and create conditions for the formation of self-esteem and the development of independent work of schoolchildren. Results. The content of civic education of students in schools involves the integrated activity of both teachers and students. It is aimed at assimilating the knowledge necessary for the formation and development of civic feelings and appropriate behavioral traits, includes love for the Motherland, devotion to it, active work for the good of the country, preservation of the traditions of one's people, careful attitude to historical monuments, customs and traditions of Ukraine, the desire to strengthen the honor and dignity of the state, courage and readiness to defend the Motherland, friendship with other peoples, respect for the culture and customs of other countries, as well as the desire to cooperate with them. The success of educational influences in the formation of civic qualities in younger schoolchildren largely depends on the skillful use of both traditional and interactive methods by teachers. The formation of civic consciousness in younger schoolchildren is an important aspect of education, since this period is important for the development of the student's personality and his social activity. The use of multimedia tools in the educational process can significantly increase its effectiveness. The use of multimedia technologies in the process of studying educational material helps to strengthen the motivation to study; improvement of the learning management system at different stages of the lesson; improving the quality of the educational process and information culture of students; increasing the level of students' awareness of modern information technologies; demonstrating the capabilities of the computer not only as a means of entertainment, but also as a powerful tool for learning and development. The process of forming civic consciousness is continuous and continues throughout the life of an individual, starting with primary socialization. Modern demands of society for the training of younger schoolchildren, in particular for the formation of their civic consciousness, require the teacher to possess knowledge, skills and skills in the use of various multimedia technologies. Conclusion. Multimedia tools are an important element of the educational process, as they contribute to better assimilation of the material, activate the attention of younger students and make the learning process more interesting and exciting. The use of multimedia provides an opportunity to show schoolchildren positive examples of behavior, cultural traditions and civic values. Thanks to multimedia resources (films, interactive presentations, games), younger schoolchildren develop critical thinking, the ability to analyze and evaluate incoming information, which is necessary for conscious citizenship. Multimedia effectively demonstrates civic roles and the importance of an active position in society. The introduction of multimedia tools into the educational process helps teachers to provide knowledge in a form that is understandable for younger students and facilitates the assimilation of complex concepts. Therefore, multimedia tools are an effective tool in the formation of civic consciousness in younger schoolchildren, stimulating their critical thinking, social responsibility and active citizenship.

Dinamika Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Desa Pintareng, Sulawesi Selatan

In village development, community participation is required. This research aims to further examine the level of community participation in Pintareng Village and the impact of community participation on development planning. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Data collection was obtained through written sources relevant to the research. The result of this research is that the low level of participation in Pintareng Village is evident from the lack of contribution of ideas and physical involvement of the community in the development process. The community is not fully aware of the importance of their role in planning and implementing development programs, which causes them to be less actively involved. Low community participation negatively impacts the gap between local needs and government policies, leading to irrelevant projects, lack of social support, and low quality of development. To address this, village governments need to improve socialization, facilitate inclusive deliberations, and provide incentives to active citizens, so that development is more in line with community needs and sustainable.

Policy vs. practice. An analysis of the course provision of Finnish study centres between 2016 and 2021

ABSTRACT With 500,000 participants, study centres are the second largest liberal adult education organisation in Finland. In this study, we analysed how study centres’ course provision matches the policy objectives defined in the Finnish law on liberal adult education (lifelong learning, well-being, active citizenship, democracy, and civil society). Programme analysis was used to analyse the course provision (n = 77,655 courses) between 2016 and 2021. We identified 43 course types and six course categories. Most of the courses fulfilled the policy objectives set for study centres. The largest single course category was Personal Growth (39.6%), which comprised liberal arts courses that promoted lifelong learning and well-being. Active citizenship, democracy, and civil society were supported by two course categories: Citizenship & Associations (29.9%) and Social & Community Support (11.1%), which accounted for 41.0% of the provided courses. Our results showed the central role of study centres as the main organisers of citizenship and community education in Finland. This study is the first to provide a detailed description of course provision at Finnish study centres. It also revealed that official statistics do not accurately portray the diverse course provision at study centres because they are based on course topics aligned with formal education.

Cultivating Civic Competencies Through Immersive Inquiry: A Digital-age Approach to Fourth Grader’s Disciplinary Thinking and Argumentation

This mixed-methods study examined Grade 4 students’ growth in two types of civic competencies—argumentation skills and disciplinary thinking, and how civic competencies interweave and co-develop over an academic year in the context of an interdisciplinary social studies curriculum called Digital Civic Learning (DCL). A total of 106 fourth-grade students (38.7% girls) and 6 social studies teachers participated in the study. Quantitative evidence indicates that students in the DCL curriculum significantly improved in their argumentation skills (argument-counterargument integration, claim-evidence integration) and disciplinary thinking. These civic competencies became more strongly associated with each other by the end of the curriculum. Multiple case studies revealed how two students synergistically applied their evolving argumentation skills and disciplinary thinking through distinct learning pathways. These results paint a complex picture of the development of students’ disciplinary thinking and integrating of argumentation skills, and the role of the curriculum in fostering the concurrent development of these civic competencies. Findings align with our overarching assumption that, through collaborative discourse and immersive learning about complex social issues, students can leverage their disciplinary thinking during argumentative social interactions, grappling with solutions and seeking common ground; continuous discourse among peers further enhances argumentation skills while honing disciplinary thinking. This study bridges the research-practice gap by providing evidence for the co-development of argumentation and disciplinary thinking within social studies classrooms. Our findings underscore the importance of inquiry-based learning, aligning with the College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework, fostering critical civic competencies, and empowering students to actively participate in democratic processes. Particularly in this digitalized society, DCL emerges as a promising approach to integrate disciplinary thinking and argumentation skills across both physical and digital environments, fostering informed and active citizenship among students.

Integrating Citizen Participation in the Development of New ICT Services for Smart Cities

The transition of cities towards a smarter approach significantly benefits from citizen participation in the development and implementation of innovative information and communication technology (ICT) products and services. Despite the emergence of various initiatives in recent years aimed at guiding the development of smart cities, there is still a lack of effective strategies to actively engage citizens, businesses, and educational institutions during the creation of these products and services. This study describes a set of practices that includes four co-creation techniques to facilitate the effort of software system development in collaboration with citizens and other stakeholders. The SEMAT standard is used to create and represent a method in which these practices are distributed across four stages: focus, definition, development, and validation. In each stage, a practice is proposed that incorporates a co-creation technique and complementary activities from various software engineering disciplines to promote active citizen participation; stimulate idea generation; and facilitate the creation of necessary documents and components for the development of the desired software system, including design systems, code files, conceptual representations, and technical diagrams, among others. Finally, the applicability and completeness of the method are validated through expert consultation in the fields of software engineering and smart cities. Recognized procedures are followed to obtain qualitative and quantitative results, such as improvement actions (addition or removal of elements), levels of consensus or acceptance, and opportunities for future work.

A special period as a mandatory feature for qualification under Art. 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the «special period» as a mandatory element of the crime provided for by Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. This feature affects the qualification of crimes related to obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. In the conditions of constant terrorist threats and the events that took place on the territory of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine» dated April 8, 2014 introduced criminal liability for obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations during a special period (Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), which is becoming more and more relevant nowadays. The term «special period» and «martial law» are increasingly being used at the legislative level. It is important that from the moment of the announcement of the mobilization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, which were created in accordance with the law, they start functioning (with regard to the organization and states) according to the rules of wartime. And in a special period, the activity of military formations is primarily related to the fulfillment of their tasks, stipulated by the laws of Ukraine, in wartime. In addition, in a special period, it can be the activity of military formations after the end of hostilities in a partially reconstruction period. A number of legislative, regulatory and legal acts and court decisions regarding criminal liability for obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations during a special period have been analyzed. The main stages of the «special period» have been identified, which affect all spheres of society, in particular, the activities of state bodies, enterprises and citizens, and provide for a special mode of functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. At the same time, a special period during martial law can be a circumstance that aggravates the punishment for committing a crime. Therefore, when considering cases and choosing the type and measure of punishment for the accused, the courts must take into account the time period, the situation, the nature and degree of severity of the committed criminal offenses, mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the punishment when the crime was committed, etc.

Protection of rights and freedoms of victims in the conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation: modern challenges of legal regulation

Today, there are many international organizations that monitor the observance of these rights and freedoms and contribute to their protection, in particular courts and tribunals. The basis of the mechanism for protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are legal principles, norms, as well as conditions and requirements for the activities of authorities, local governments, their officials and citizens. All these elements together ensure the observance, implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens. In Ukraine, the mechanism for protecting rights is implemented through the activities of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Human Rights, National Minorities and Interethnic Relations, as well as other committees of the Verkhovna Rada that are engaged in ensuring and protecting human rights. After the beginning of Russia’s armed aggression and its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, martial law was introduced, which continues now. Under martial law, the protection of human rights becomes especially difficult. The Constitution of Ukraine and other normative legal acts allow the possibility of restricting certain rights of citizens. However, such restrictions should be justified, temporary and limited in scope, applied in accordance with the principles of democracy and the rule of law in order to protect public interests, maintain public order and security, as well as the rights and freedoms of other citizens. It is important that these restrictions comply with international standards and human rights. There are three main problematic issues in the field of protection of rights affected population in conditions of full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine: Evacuation. Since February 24, 2022, measures have been introduced at various levels to evacuate the population from regions where there is a high risk to the life and health of citizens. However, these events differ in nature and organization. Realization of the rights of internally displaced persons. For a long time, the implementation of the state policy in the field of internal displacement did not rely on sufficient information about the number of internally displaced persons, their socio-demographic portrait and assessment of their needs. Housing. Despite the response of local authorities to mass forced displacement, and ensuring the placement of people in various formats (in educational institutions, dormitories, etc.), it should be noted that in the future the conditions remain inadequate, there is no proper information from the central authorities about the available places for placement, etc.

YouTube Coke Studio Pakistan: Negotiating Identity, Blurring Boundaries

Aim of the Study: This study is about Coke Studio Pakistan, a Coca-Cola-Sponsored music platform that curates its music on YouTube. The article argues that the YouTube channel of the Coke Studio is a space of unprecedented ‘interaction’ between South Asians that share the love for regional music. In that, their engagement with Afreen Afreen, the second most consumed song on Coke Studio’s official channel, has been evaluated through the lens of citizenship studies. Methodology: For analysing the comments, data coding began with a quantitative approach that informs its main principal methods of thematic analysis and textual analysis. The themes ranged from their love for music to issues that shape the regional politics. The idea was to identify the themes that transcend the animosity between the two countries and celebrate their mutual love for music, while also acknowledging themes (contentious issues) that shape politics of the region. Findings: The study argues that whilst the song itself can be seen as an act of citizenship, the comments section offers a rich canvas for observing citizen interaction. Through comments, the audiences perform across the spectrum of cultural citizenship and agonistic publics. The comments section becomes a space of opportunity to not only celebrate the music but also to reflect on regional politics. Conclusion: The study concludes that the exchanges on YouTube are the first steps towards enabling people-to-people contact. It is part of a learning process to co-exist with the adversary who differs in their opinions yet has the right to exist and preserve their sovereignty.