Acronym In English Research Articles

Analysis of the Vulnerability Profile of tuberculosis co-infection in people living with HIV

Introduction: studies that seek to identify and outline the vulnerability profile contribute to directing necessary interventions to be carried out in people with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV (acronym in English for human immunodeficiency virus) co-infection, to achieve the end of TB. Objective: to describe the profile of people with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, from 2016 to 2018, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study, using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) for TB and HIV, through a methodological process of database preparation and descriptive data analysis, the information was encoded and stored anonymously in a database in Excel for Windows®; Afterwards, the STATA statistical package, version 16 (Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA) was used to carry out descriptive analyses with identification of relative and absolute values, and tables were generated for data analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CEP/CCS/UFES) under opinion number 4022892 on 05/12/2020. Results: of a total of 4,428 cases, 325 cases were TB-HIV co-infection, 322 cases were located in the SINAN-TB database and three cases were located after linking with the SINAN-HIV database that presented a record of negative results for the diagnostic test of HIV in the SINAN-TB database. There was a profile with a predominance of men (71%), young people (20 to 39 years old) (52%), mixed race (59%), up to 8 years of schooling (25%), of which 29% reported alcohol consumption, 26% used illicit drugs, and 37% were smokers, who had the pulmonary form of the disease (66%), they reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (65%) and only 44% had a cure outcome at closure and 20% stopped treatment; the majority of cases (61%) did not undergo directly observed treatment and only 6.9% of cases reported receiving assistance from the government’s income transfer program. Conclusion: in order to ensure greater coverage of tuberculosis control in PLHIV patients, it is necessary to expand the dialogue between health and social support policies; enable access to health services such as antiretroviral treatment for all people diagnosed with HIV, and timely directly observed treatment (DOT) for people who present this vulnerability profile. Carrying out new studies is essential to contribute to technological advancement and planning in health service actions.

ROC curves: general characteristics and their usefulness in clinical practice

The use of diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of a disease is essential in clinical practice. The results of a diagnostic test may correspond to numerical estimates that require quantitative reference parameters to be transferred to a dichotomous interpretation as normal or abnormal and thus implement actions for the care of a condition or disease. For example, in the diagnosis of anemia it is necessary to define a cut-off point for the hemoglobin variable and create two categories that distinguish the presence or absence of anemia. The method used for this process is the preparation of diagnostic performance curves, better known by their acronym in English as ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). The ROC curve is also useful as a prognostic marker, since it allows defining the cut-off point of a quantitative variable that is associated with greater mortality or risk of complications. They have been used in different prognostic markers in COVID-19, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer, in which cut-off points associated with mortality and/or risk of mechanical ventilation were identified. The ROC curve is used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a test in isolation, but it can also be used to compare the performance of two or more diagnostic tests and define which one is more accurate. This article describes the basic concepts for the use and interpretation of the ROC curve, the interpretation of an area under the curve (AUC) and the comparison of two or more diagnostic tests.

Schuwer, R., Gil-Jaurena, I., Aydin, C. H., Costello, E., Dalsgaard, C., Brown, M., ... & Teixeira, A. (2015). Opportunities and threats of the MOOC movement for higher education: The European perspective. International review of research in open and dist

The MOOC model (Massive Open Online Course, for its acronym in English) has emerged as an innovative alternative for university education, allowing massive access to online courses taught by renowned institutions. This model is characterized by its open, flexible and autonomous nature, which has generated a significant impact on the educational landscape. One of the main advantages of the MOOC is its ability to broaden access to university education. Through online platforms, anyone can enroll in courses taught by professors from world-renowned institutions. This has democratized education by removing geographic and economic barriers that often limit access to traditional education. In addition, the MOOC model offers flexibility in terms of hours and location. Students can learn at their own pace, access course materials anytime, anywhere, and tailor their learning process to their individual needs. This promotes autonomous learning and self-regulation, valuable skills in an ever-evolving educational environment. MOOCs cover a wide range of topics and disciplines, giving students the opportunity to explore various fields of study and gain knowledge in areas of specific interest to them. This encourages the diversity of content and the personalization of learning, since students can choose the courses that best suit their needs and educational goals. However, the MOOC model also presents challenges. The lack of interaction and personalized feedback, due to the large number of participants, can make it difficult to deepen the concepts and resolve specific doubts. Additionally, MOOC course completion rates are often low, raising questions about student engagement and motivation. Despite these challenges, the MOOC as an alternative model for university education has proven to be a valuable tool. It has allowed access to education to people from all over the world, promoting flexibility, diversity of content and autonomous learning. As MOOCs continue to be explored and improved, it is expected that they will continue to play an important role in the educational landscape, providing enriching and transformative learning opportunities.

Pan-American Manifesto for Rheumatic Diseases: The patients’ view

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs for its acronym in English), are chronic pathologies of high morbidity with a great impact in quality of life, which generate disability and increase the costs of care. In Latin America there are multiple barriers to patient care. The objective of the study was to identify the care needs and difficulties that patients with RMDs face in the region.

COVID-19, Mental Health and Its Relationship with Workplace Accidents

The general objective of this article is to show the relationship that exists in the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of people and the propensity for work-related accidents in companies. Various results are shown that detail how COVID-19 has generated and is generating mental alterations in people such as post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD for its acronym in English. Likewise, data are presented that report the influence of mental health as a precursor to workplace accidents in different industries, with which it can be concluded that COVID-19 needs a comprehensive approach in companies to prevent it from negatively impacting workers and they end up accident during their daily work. Some concrete actions are proposed to promote and avoid in companies so that workers can be better managed in times of a COVID-19 pandemic.

Collisions model between magnetic nanoparticles and the arterial wall

At present, there are different treatments against cancer, however, some of them, such as chemotherapy, are very invasive for the human body, since they affect healthy tissues. Magnetic targeting of drugs by means of magnetic nanoparticles is one of the alternative techniques that has emerged in the last decade, it is based on the targeting of drug delivery to the tumor without affecting healthy tissues, via of injected nanoparticles with diamagnetic properties directly into the bloodstream, driven by external magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets. This technique in literature is often come upon as MTD for its acronym in English. In this work, a numerical model was developed in order to quantify the loss of nanoparticles in the process of interaction with the walls of the bloodstream. For this model, the Kinetic technique was used, quantifying the probability of adsorption and absorption taking into account the following parameters: diameter of the nanoparticle (200 nm), density of the nanoparticle (6450 kg · m -3), diameter of the cell endothelial (0.1 μm - 1 μm), transcellular pores of the fenestrated endothelium (70 nm) and modulus of elasticity of the endothelium (4.1 ± 1.7 kPa).

Battery energy storage systems (bess) state of the art

SummaryThis article presents a review of the battery energy storage method or BESS for its acronym in English (Battery Energy Storage System), considering that the era of high capacity storage batteries is approaching and why historically the storage of energy did not appear in the planning or operation of electrical systems. However, this solution is currently setting a global trend for having high levels of efficiency and why it is also being driven by the need to modernize the network in order to increase the use of renewable energies.

Mujeres en STEM, un reto educativo

Science, technology and innovation are elements to respond to the challenges that must be faced, such as, among others, climate change, renewable energies, the nutrition of humanity, health and the administration of resources. Currently, women have a low percentage of representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics majors, STEM, for its acronym in English; the gender gap persists in the labor issue, where companies are required to allow women to enter leadership positions. The ONU, to respond to this evident disparity, in 2015 establishes an international day to recognize the important role it has in science and technology, which is proclaimed on February 11 as International Day of Women and Girls in the Science. This research analyzes the perception of women who were trained in STEM careers, with the purpose of knowing their perception in six aspects, namely; Perception of their academic training, ability to learn and solve problems in STEM areas, social, educational or family support, academic training, satisfaction in their work and the work environment, gender stereotypes and the analysis of the skills or competencies required.

Smart cities in collaboration with the internet of things

The use of the Internet has Reached a point in the world in Which it has Become essential in everyday life, the need to Have information at hand in the shortest possible time has generated a technological revolution That incurs the constant connection to this tool, from our Personal life to the same objects That we use in daily life, creating a need to check what surrounds us to Improve our quality of life, reason for the birth of the Internet of Things (IoT, for acronym in English), as well as the convergence of our environment through the creation with Technology of smart cities (Smart City in English). In view of the above, this article addresses concepts about the future of smart cities in collaboration with the Internet of things, the advantages and Disadvantages of these, their comparison, reception, adaptability.

Técnica alternativa de preservación de material biológico humano, implementando reactivos químicos de uso común

The estimation of the effects of climate change on water resources is of great importance in regions with arid and semiarid climates where water availability is limited, such as 034 irrigation district of Zacatecas, Mex. The reliability of the estimate depends directly on the quality of each of the time series of weather variables to use, having to have continuous records and unaltered by anthropogenic conditions. In this paper we apply nonparametric tests Standard Normal Homogeneity (SNHT for its acronym in English), and PettittBuishand to determine the record length data homogeneous maximum temperature, and precipitation Miniña each weather station that dominates the six modules surface irrigation district 034. It identifies the homogeneous period of the three time series in each irrigation module which can be used with high certainty in future studies of the effects of climate change in this area.

Malnutrición hospitalaria: etiología y criterios para su diagnóstico y clasificación

Hospital malnutrition (undernutrition) is of high prevalence in the world having reported up to 30-50%. Unlike the one observed in public health, this is characterized by the activation and installation of the inflammatory response in an acute or chronic manner, and an attenuated response to nutritional support. That is why traditional parameters for the diagnosis of malnutrition in public health such as albumin have failed in its application in the clinical area and forced to rethink the criteria used for the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition from this new perspective. Both the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) as well as the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and subsequently the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN, for its acronym in English) have issued consensus for the diagnosis and classification of hospital malnutrition. Recently, the global malnutrition leadership initiative (GLIM), based on these consensus, has proposed a new classification from a more global approach. This article reviews this and other concepts around this topic.

A XP e o Itaú Unibanco: dos Produtos de Investimento a Desbancarização

Este caso para ensino apresenta a narrativa da aquisição da XP Investimentos pelo Itaú Unibanco. O banco ofertou a compra da XP Investimentos. Este movimento ocorreu pouco antes da corretora pedir o registro para realizar seu IPO (Oferta Inicial de Ações, sigla em inglês) na bolsa de valores brasileira (B3). O objetivo do estudo é impulsionar as discussões da operação de aquisição para os temas de estrutura de governança e a teoria dos custos de transação em meio a inovação tecnológica no mercado financeiro brasileiro. Pelo lado da XP o plano era claro: em uma tacada só, ficar com o ativo e eliminar um concorrente, podendo agora não apenas sonhar em ser o maior grupo de investimentos do Brasil. Já para o Itaú Unibanco – maior player do mercado - passa a ter a carteira da XP pronta e elimina um concorrente que lhe tirava market share. O caso indica discussões sobre a lógica por trás da aquisição da XP pelo Itaú Unibanco. Ainda, permite indagar se não seria capaz o maior banco do Brasil, desenvolver tais capacidades adquiridas da corretora, além de questionar se as capacidades internalizadas da XP são tão valiosas a ponto de tamanho investimento.

Online Training for Franchises through a Learning Management System

It is well known that, for every company, the resource time is a factor of impact on its productivity. At present, the technical support area has taken a relevant place in companies, this is caused by the demand for learning and recovery of activities of employees, a client or managers. The training of a new staff in a company implies investment of the time of one or more people to know various processes and procedures, therefore, it is very important to support training courses in Learning Management Systems (LMS for their acronym in English), which are increasingly demanding due to their availability of resources, flexibility of topics and compliance with a required scope. The work shows the reciprocal influence between two development methodologies of a training course within an e-learning system for residents in the area of ​​technical support, using tools to create didactic content, embedded code, the results determine that the good use of This material has allowed staff to involve less or no amount of time to train a new employee. The success of the tool has challenged the development of training for other areas.

Utilidad de la tomografía por emisión de positrones/tomografía computada (PET/CT) en pacientes con diagnóstico de meduloblastoma

"PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography, for its acronym in English) is a unique imaging method that provides in vivo evidence of both biochemical and physiological activities of the brain, spinal cord and tumors that involve these structures. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) in pediatric patients, so PET/CT plays an important role as it provides information on the grade and extent of the tumor as well as to determine the appropriate site for the biopsy, assessing the response to the treatment and the patient’s prognosis. There are different radiopharmaceuticals for the evaluation of central nervous system tumors, but 18F FDG (Fluor-2-fluoro-2-desoxy-D-glucose) and 68Ga-DOTA-NOC (68Ga-DOTA0-1NaI3-octreotide) have been studied to help us evaluate and follow up patients diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma has an overexpression of glucose transporters, mainly type 1, and an overexpression of predominantly type 2 somatostatin receptors, which allows a high affinity for these radiopharmaceuticals. Key words: Medulloblastoma; positron emission tomography; PET/C; 18F-FDG; 68Ga-DOTA-NOC; brain tumor.

Calidad de los instrumentos que valoran las funciones de la atención primaria : revisión sistemática.

Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos que valoran las funciones de la atención primaria en salud desde la perspectiva de usuarios. Métodos: revisión sistemática. Se utilizaron los descriptores “primary health care”, “questionnaires”, “psychometrics”, “outcome measurement” y “process measurement”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones de revistas científicas en español, inglés y portugués, estudios de validación de cuestionarios que evaluaran funciones de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos se valoraron mediante el cuestionario EMPRO (por su sigla en inglés: Evaluating Measures of Patient Reported Outcomes). Resultados: se identificaron 28 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los cuestionarios que resultaron adecuados para su aplicación fueron 11, y de estos, ocho partían del PCAT (por su sigla en inglés: Primary Care Assessment Tool), ya que reunieron más evidencias sobre la calidad de sus propiedades métricas. Conclusiones: existen cuestionarios para evaluar las funciones esenciales de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas del PCAT fueron adecuadas en la mayoría de las versiones adaptadas y validadas, por lo que permite obtener resultados confiables.

La Comunicación en la Relación Médico-Paciente-Familia en Cuidados Paliativos.

Propósito de la revisión: el objetivo de la revisión es delinear el rol de la Comunicación en la relación Médico-Paciente-Familia. Buscamos reportes en donde se incluye a la familia en la relación de cuidadores de pacientes enfocados en el área oncológica de cuidados paliativos.
 Recientes hallazgos: La verdad es uno de los agentes terapéuticos más potentes disponibles. El objetivo de la comunicación es: Disminuir la incertidumbre, por dolorosa que sea la información solicitada. La información y entrevista al paciente oncológico debe ser preparada con anterioridad tomando en cuenta un Formato el más usado es el protocolo “COMFORT” por sus siglas en inglés.
 Extracto: Dentro de cualquier ámbito de trabajo que concierne a los profesionales de la salud, pero muy especialmente en el de los Cuidados Paliativos, la comunicación se constituye como uno de los elementos terapéuticos fundamentales en la intervención médica y psicológica. La manera de transmitir malas noticias y el manejo del impacto emocional que esto puede ocasionar, el acompañamiento profesional necesario en las distintas fases de la enfermedad, o la fundamental coordinación y manejo de situaciones difíciles por parte de los profesionales sanitarios son sólo algunos de los aspectos importantes en la calidad, eficacia y eficiencia del abordaje integral en Cuidados Paliativos Esta revisión tiene por objetivo estudiar la bibliografía existente y hacer un análisis en relación con la comunicación con la familia y con el paciente en cuidados paliativos.

Escala BISAP en pancreatitis aguda. Azogues 2016-2017. Estudio descriptivo.

Objective: to apply the severity index scale in acute pancreatitis (BISAP, for its acronym in English) to patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in the hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues January 2016 to December 2017. Methodology: a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, the universe of all the doctors diagnosed of acute pancreatitis was worked from January 2016 to December 2017. The elaborated forms were applied. The data is analyzed with the SPSS version 20 and Excel programs, using frequency distributions and percentages. Results: 79 cases were studied, finding an average age of 48.5 years; 57% corresponded to the female sex. A general mortality of 12.7% was obtained; the mild form being 79.7% of the cases without deaths; contrasting with the serious form with 20.3%, of which 62.5% died. Conclusions: BISAP proved to be a mortality predictor, accessible, fast and useful. You can see a tendency to increase mortality at the same time in the score of the escalation, being this directly proportional to the incidence of local and systemic complications of the disease.

Vulnerabilities in the internet of things

The Internet of Things has allowed the connection of a countless number of devices, which has facilitated control and even decision-making by them, but at the same time security vulnerabilities in operating systems, wireless security protocols, its applications, as well as the vulnerabilities in IoT, acronym in English of Internet of Things, devices, have allowed considerable sums of money to be paid to health institutions and patients for allowing the functionality of their equipment, according to security experts the world is facing a perfect storm which can allows attacks and system hijackings increasing in number, volume and gravity, since when adding more devices, they become access doors for intruders. However, it is important to be aware that everything that connects to the Internet is vulnerable; it has been demonstrated since birth, as well as the IoT.

Percepción de profesionales en administración sobre algunas variables organizacionales como potenciales generadores de estrés laboral

La incapacidad de respuesta ante demandas organizacionales producto de su ejercicio puede derivar en factores de riesgo psicosocialtales como el estrés. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la valoración de la percepción de profesionales de la administración y los negocios sobre algunas variables organizacionales como potenciales generadores de estrés laboral. Se diseñó y aplicó el Cuestionario para la Valoración de Factores Generadores de Estrés en las Organizaciones (CUVEO). El instrumento fue aplicado en una muestra de 784 sujetos masculinos y femeninos entre los 19 y los 70 años de edad, la mayoría con universidad completa. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software SPSS. En términos generales, la valoración de la percepción de los participantes sobre las variables indagadas como potenciales generadores de estrés ha resultado en un nivel medio, por lo que refiere a la importancia de la atención de su alcance.

Eficacia de aviglicina en la reducción de la floración natural en piña en Costa Rica

The naturally differentiated flowering (NDF for its acronym in English) in Ananas comosus is regulated by low temperature and short days, stimulating greater ethylene biosynthesis. The efficacy of aviglycine (AVG) as an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis during the period of highest susceptibility of ‘MD-2’ pineapple plants in the Huetar Norte region of Costa Rica was evaluated. Three doses of the PinCor® 20 SL formulation were studied in high volume (2,000 L ha(-1)) and low volume (25 L ha-1) in plants from 213 to 225 days of age and from 1.7 to 1.87 kg of fresh weight, through applications with a seven-day interval between weeks 48 of 2015 and eight of 2016. PinCor® 20 SL (AVG) (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 L ha(-1)) at 25 L ha(‑1) (2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 ppm) and at 2,000 L ha(-1) (25, 50 and 100 ppm) reduced natural flowering from 43.7 to 6.9% without affecting sensitivity to exogenous ethylene applied foliar, although the magnitude of the phenomenon could be influenced by the microenvironment. The volume applied did not affect the efficacy, while as the dose was increased the incidence was significantly lower and at 8,000 ppm it suppressed the natural flowering at 100%, although at high concentrations it generated symptoms of mild temporary chlorotic reaction in the plants. 100% natural flowering was expressed between weeks two and eight of 2016, coinciding with the exposure of the plantation for more than 50 min a day to a temperature lower than 20°C associated with a day-night temperature amplitude lower than 4°C; the incidence of NFD tending to increase as the period of foliar exposure increased.