Hand-foot Syndrome Research Articles

Relationship between ripretinib concentration and the prognosis of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors in China: a multicenter study

Objective: To investigate the prognosis and safety of ripretinib in the treatment of patients with advanced gastrointestinal mesenchymal stromal tumors (GISTs) and to analyze the relationship between blood concentrations of this drug and prognosis. Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the effects of ripretinib in patients with advanced GISTs. The inclusion criteria comprised: (1) daily oral administration of ripretinib scheduled; and (2) uninterrupted treatment for at least 1month, with a stable and relatively fixed daily dosage maintained for a minimum of 2 weeks. Exclusion criteria comprised concurrent use of other tyrosine kinase inhibitors and presence of significant organ dysfunction. We retrospectively identified 79 patients with advanced GISTs who had received ripretinib across seven medical centers, namely Jiangsu Provincial Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, from 1 June 2021 to 31 March 2024. The cohort included 48 men and 31 women, 19 of whom had received ripretinib as second-line, 13 as third-line, and 47 as fourth-line therapy. Two peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from each participant and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry used to determine peak (Cmax) and trough (Cmin) concentrations of ripretinib. Machine learning methodologies, specifically the K-nearest neighbor algorithm combined with the Gridsearch CV strategy, were employed to establish the threshold for Cmin. We analyzed adverse reactions, treatment efficacy, median progression-free survival (mPFS), and the relationship between drug blood concentration and selected clinical parameters. Results: In the entire cohort, the Cmin and Cmax of ripretinib were 467 ± 360 μg/L and 986 ± 493 μg/L, respectively. Notably, female patients and individuals in the high-dose group exhibited significantly higher values for both Cmin and Cmax (both P<0.05). However, variations in drug concentrations associated with the line of ripretinib therapy, treatment efficacy, disease progression, and presence of selected specific genetic mutations were not significantly associated with values of Cmin and Cmax (P>0.05). Among the 79 patients with advanced GISTs receiving ripretinib, reported adverse reactions included alopecia (53, 67.09%), hand-foot syndrome (24, 30.38%), fatigue (22, 27.85%), and myalgia (21, 26.58%). Two patients (2.53%) had grade III complications, both classified as hand-foot syndrome. The correlation between Cmax and adverse reactions was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). By the time of the latest follow-up, five deaths (6.3%) had occurred within the cohort. The mPFS for the group was 16.3 months, with a mPFS of 14.4 months for those receiving standard dosage and 7.0 months for those receiving escalating dosage. Among the 65 patients treated with standard doses of ripretinib, those with Cmin exceeding a threshold of 450 μg/L exhibited a significantly longer mPFS (18.0 months vs.13.7 months; P < 0.05). Conclusion: In China, patients with advanced GISTs exhibit a notable tolerance to ripretinib, with no evidence for a correlation between adverse reactions and Cmax for the drug. Additionally, a Cmin exceeding 450 μg/L may be associated with an extended mPFS.

Sorafenib or anthracycline-based chemotherapy for progressive desmoid tumors.

Desmoid tumors can cause morbidity due to local invasion, potentially being fatal when fast growth compromises vital structures. In this context, a timely treatment response is required. This study aims to compare the activity of sorafenib and anthracycline-containing regimens during the first year of treatment. The authors conducted a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of desmoid tumor patients treated with either sorafenib or an anthracycline-containing regimen over 1 year. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR). The secondary end points were time to response (TTR), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events. From 2005 to 2022, 80 patients received sorafenib and 51 received an anthracycline-containing regimen with similar baseline characteristics. The 1-year ORR was 37% for anthracycline and 13% for sorafenib (p=.016). Median best response was -9% (range, -73 to 51) for anthracycline and -4% (range, -69 to 126) for sorafenib. Median TTR was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-7.8) for anthracycline and 8.7 months (95% CI, 6.3-11.1) for sorafenib (p=.2). One-year PFS was 73% (95% CI, 60-86) for anthracycline and 59% (95% CI, 47-71) for sorafenib (p=.3). Common grade 1-2 adverse events for sorafenib were hand-foot syndrome (40%), diarrhea (25%), and fatigue (22%); for anthracycline, they were nausea (31%), fatigue (16%), and rash (14%). Grade 3 events were higher in the anthracycline group, 27% versus 14% (p<.05). Anthracycline-based therapy provided a greater 1-year response rate than sorafenib but was associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events. Higher-risk desmoid tumors, which need a more timely response, might benefit from anthracycline-based therapies, whereas average-risk tumors could benefit from sorafenib.

Comparison of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib versus drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, prospective, multicenter phase III trial

This randomized, prospective, multicenter (12 centers in China) phase III trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry #ChiCTR2000041170) compared drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) combined with apatinib and DEB-TACE monotherapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Overall survival (OS), mRECIST-based objective response rates (ORR) and disease control rates (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were secondary endpoints. Totally 243 cases were randomized, with 122 and 121 in the DEB-TACE + apatinib and DEB-TACE groups, respectively. Cases administered DEB-TACE + apatinib displayed markedly improved median PFS (7.1 months [95%CI 6.6–8.3] vs. 5.2 months [95%CI 5.0–5.9]) and OS (23.3 months [95%CI 20.7–29.6] vs. 18.9 months [95%CI 17.9–20.1] compared with those treated with DEB-TACE (both p < 0.001). Additionally, patients administered DEB-TACE + apatinib had elevated ORR (56.6% vs. 38.8%) and DCR (89.3% vs. 80.2%) versus the DEB-TACE group (both p < 0.001). Majority of TRAEs were mild and manageable. Regarding DEB-TACE-related TRAEs, the rates of hepatic artery thinning and spasms were elevated during the second DEB-TACE in cases administered DEB-TACE + apatinib vs. DEB-TACE. The commonest apatinib-related TRAEs in the DEB-TACE + apatinib group included hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, and diarrhea. In conclusion, DEB-TACE plus apatinib demonstrates superior PFS versus DEB-TACE monotherapy in uHCC cases, maintaining a favorable safety profile with similar occurrences of AEs.

Efficacy of disitamab vedotin in non-small cell lung cancer with HER2 alterations: a multicenter, retrospective real-world study.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations poses a substantial treatment challenge. Current HER2-targeted therapies offer limited efficacy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting HER2 have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical response to a novel ADC drug Disitamab vedotin (RC48) in advanced NSCLC with HER2 alterations. This study conducted a retrospective review of patients harboring HER2 alterations treated with RC48 in the real world. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in terms of objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS). Out of 22 patients, 21 (95.5%) received RC48 combination therapy, while one received RC48 monotherapy. The ORR of all patients reached 45.5%, and the DCR stood at 90.9%. The median PFS (mPFS) was 7.5 months. Among patients receiving RC48 combination therapy, the ORR was 47.7%, and the mPFS of 8.1 months. The combination of RC48 with platinum+/- bevacizumab resulted in the highest ORR of 71.4% (5 out of 7 patients), with HER2 TKI following at a 50.0% ORR (4 out of 8 patients). First-line (1L) treatment with RC48 showed an ORR of 62.5% (5 out of 8 patients), second-line (2L) treatments had a 57.1% ORR (4 out of 7 patients), and beyond second-line (>2L) treatments exhibited a 14.3% ORR (1 out of 7 patients). Patients with 1L, 2L, or >2L treatment had a mPFS of 8.1 months, 7.2 months, and 7.4 months, respectively. Patients with HER2 mutations or amplifications, and those with concurrent mutations and amplifications at baseline, showed mPFS of 8.1 months, 9.4 months, and 7.4 months, respectively. The mPFS was significantly longer in patients with HER2 amplification. The most common adverse events included hand-foot syndrome (54.5%), asthenia (50.0%), decreased white blood cell count (45.5%), and liver impairment (45.5%). Grade 3 adverse events occurred in one (4.5%) patient. RC48, particularly in combination regimens, demonstrates promising efficacy in advanced NSCLC with HER2 alterations. These findings underscore the need for further research to validate RC48's application in clinical practice.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of TACE combined with lenvatinib plus sintilimab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study

BackgroundThe integration of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with systemic therapy has demonstrated improved survival outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is limited evidence evaluating the combination of TACE with the systemic regimen of anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitor plus lenvatinib. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with lenvatinib and sintilimab in unresectable HCC patients.MethodsUnresectable HCC patients who received TACE in combination with sintilimab plus Lenvatinib as first-line treatment from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2023 were included for the analysis. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Exploratory biomarker analysis was conducted.ResultsThe study included 70 patients with unresectable HCC, predominantly male and infected with Hepatitis B. The median follow-up duration for the whole cohort was 13.8 months (95% CI 11.08–16.7). The ORR was 61.4% (95% CI, 49.0%–72.8%) and the DCR was 68.6% (95%CI, 56.4%–79.2%). The median PFS was 13.2 months (95% CI 11.0-NA), with a corresponding 1-year PFS rate of 50.3% (95% CI 39.7%-65.5%). The median OS was not reached, and the 1-year OS rate was 89.3% (95% CI 81.4%–97.9%). The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were fatigue 38.6% (27/70), hypertension 32.9% (23/70), and hand-foot syndrome 31.4% (22/70). Most TRAEs were mild-to-moderate and manageable. In addition, significant predictive value was found in alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP), with patients showing a level of decrease post-treatment having better PFS.ConclusionThe combination regimen demonstrated promising efficacy in treating unresectable HCC, accompanied by manageable safety profiles. Furthermore, the results of this investigation suggest that AFP holds promise as predictive biomarkers for this treatment strategy.

Plain language summary: an analysis of the safety of futibatinib treatment in people with different types of cancer.

Researchers combined information from three separate phase 1 and 2 clinical trials, including over 400 people who had one of 33 different cancer types and who all received futibatinib in their clinical trial. This type of study is called a pooled analysis. Futibatinib is taken orally (by mouth) as a tablet and works by reducing the activity of a group of proteins called fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). FGFRs drive the growth of some cancers, especially cancer cells with changes in FGFR genes that make the proteins more active. Researchers wanted to look at how common some side effects were in people treated with futibatinib, how soon the side effects happened after taking futibatinib, and how they could be managed. Researchers also wanted to provide recommendations to other health care professionals on how to manage these side effects in people with cancer. In this analysis, the researchers focused on side effects that they had seen in previously completed trials of futibatinib. Overall, futibatinib was safe and tolerable. Most people (82%) had a high phosphate level in their blood (hyperphosphatemia), 27% had nail disorders, 27% had liver side effects (changes in liver-related laboratory tests), 19% had a sore mouth (stomatitis), 13% had hand-foot syndrome (palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome), 9% had a rash, 8% developed changes in the back of the eye (retinal disorders), and 4% of people developed cataracts. Most side effects were mild/moderate and reversible. The median time it took from starting treatment to experiencing a severe side effect ranged from 9days (hyperphosphatemia) to 125days (cataracts). Some side effects tended to occur early, while others developed later. Only 2% of people stopped taking futibatinib due to treatment-related side effects, and futibatinib caused no deaths. The side effects from taking futibatinib were manageable and similar in people with different types of cancer. To fully understand the safety of futibatinib, researchers will need to look at what side effects are reported in people taking futibatinib over a longer time in the real-world setting (outside of clinical trials).

Tasurgratinib in patients with cholangiocarcinoma or gastric cancer: Expansion part of the first-in-human phase I study.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a highly conserved family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases with multiple roles in the regulation of key cellular processes. Specific FGFR mutations have been observed in several types of cancers, including gastric carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Dose escalation data of 24 Japanese patients with solid tumors treated with Tasurgratinib (previously known as E7090), a potent, selective FGFR1-3 inhibitor, was reported in a phase I, first-in-human, single-center study. Based on the safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles observed in this study, the recommended dose of 140 mg once daily was selected for the expansion part (Part 2), a multicenter expansion of the dose-finding study restricted to patients with tumors harboring FGFR gene alterations. Safety and preliminary efficacy were assessed in Part 2. Pharmacodynamic pharmacogenomic markers (serum phosphate, FGF23, and 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D, circulating tumor DNA) and pharmacokinetic profiles were also evaluated. A total of 16 patients were enrolled in Part 2, six with cholangiocarcinoma and 10 with gastric cancer. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were hyperphosphatemia, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, and paronychia. Five partial responses (83.3%) in cholangiocarcinoma patients and one partial response (11.1%) in gastric cancer patients were observed; median progression-free survival was 8.26 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.84, not evaluable [NE]) and 3.25 months (95% CI 0.95, 4.86), and overall survival was 22.49 months (95% CI 6.37, NE) and 4.27 months (95% CI 2.23, 7.95), respectively, in the two groups. In conclusion, Tasurgratinib 140 mg has a tolerable safety profile with good clinical efficacy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene rearrangements.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus Sorafenib versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus Lenvatinib for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Recent studies have highlighted that TACE in conjunction with Lenvatinib (TACE-L) offers a promising adjunct therapy for advanced HCC patients, outperforming TACE plus Sorafenib (TACE-S). However, there has been a lack of research comparing these two regimens for intermediate HCC. Aims: This study aims to address the research gap by evaluating the efficacy of TACE-L versus TACE-S in intermediate HCC patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of consecutive intermediate HCC patients who received either TACE-L or TACE-S from November 2018 to December 2022. Portal vein width was assessed using abdominal NMRI or Doppler ultrasonography, and inflammatory markers were derived from routine blood counts. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: The study included 117 patients, with 56 in the TACE-S group and 61 in the TACE-L group. The TACE-S group demonstrated superior OS (HR = 1.704, 95% CI: 1.012–2.870, p = 0.045) compared to the TACE-L group. No significant difference was observed in PFS (HR:1.512, 95% CI: 0.988–2.313, p = 0.057) between the two groups. Subgroup analyses revealed that male patients, those with cirrhosis, and those with more than four tumors had better OS and PFS in the TACE-S group than in the TACE-L group. Inflammatory markers were comparable between the groups. The TACE-S group experienced a higher incidence of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPE) (14/56 [25%] vs. 5/61 [8.1%], p = 0.014) but a lower incidence of hypertension (3/56 [5.3%] vs. 11/61 [18%], p = 0.035) compared to the TACE-L group. Conclusions: In patients with intermediate HCC, TACE-S was found to be more effective in terms of OS than TACE-L. No significant disparity was noted in PFS between the two treatment groups.

Metagenomic analysis during capecitabine therapy reveals microbial chemoprotective mechanisms and predicts drug toxicity in colorectal cancer patients.

Unpredictable chemotherapy side effects are a major barrier to successful treatment. Cell culture and mouse experiments indicate that the gut microbiota is influenced by and influences anti-cancer drugs. However, metagenomic data from patients paired to careful side effect monitoring remains limited. Herein, we focus on the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine (CAP). We investigate CAP-microbiome interactions through metagenomic sequencing of longitudinal stool sampling from a cohort of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We established a prospective cohort study including 56 patients with advanced CRC treated with CAP monotherapy across 4 centers in the Netherlands. Stool samples and clinical questionnaires were collected at baseline, during cycle 3, and post-treatment. Metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial community structure and gene abundance was paired with transposon mutagenesis, targeted gene deletion, and media supplementation experiments. An independent US cohort was used for model validation. CAP treatment significantly altered gut microbial composition and pathway abundance, enriching for menaquinol (vitamin K2) biosynthesis genes. Transposon library screens, targeted gene deletions, and media supplementation confirmed that menaquinol biosynthesis protects Escherichia coli from drug toxicity. Microbial menaquinol biosynthesis genes were associated with decreased peripheral sensory neuropathy. Machine learning models trained in this cohort predicted hand-foot syndrome and dose reductions in an independent cohort. These results suggest treatment-associated increases in microbial vitamin biosynthesis serve a chemoprotective role for bacterial and host cells, with implications for toxicities outside the gastrointestinal tract. We provide a proof-of-concept for the use of microbiome profiling and machine learning to predict drug toxicities across independent cohorts. These observations provide a foundation for future human intervention studies, more in-depth mechanistic dissection in preclinical models, and extension to other cancer treatments.

Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with S‑1 as a third‑ or later‑line treatment for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer in China: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Anlotinib is presently used as a third-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is not yet reported whether combining anlotinib with S-1 as a third- or later-line treatment offers superior outcomes compared with anlotinib alone. The present meta-analysis aimed to address this question by systematically searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CMB and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for eligible studies published from the establishment of the database to January 10, 2024. Primary outcomes of interest included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and the incidence of adverse effects, which were presented as hazard ratios and 95% CIs. The present analysis included 5 retrospective studies with a total of 317 patients and compared the outcomes of patients treated with a combination of anlotinib and S-1 (experimental group) compared with anlotinib alone (control group). The combination treatment significantly improved PFS, OS, ORR and DCR in the experimental group compared with the control group. Bone marrow suppression and fatigue were significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group. However, incidences of hypertension, proteinuria, gastrointestinal adverse reactions, hepatic and renal insufficiency and functional hand-foot syndrome were higher in the control group compared with the experimental group, but there was no statistical significance. In summary, combining anlotinib with S-1 may be more effective compared with anlotinib alone for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the higher incidence of adverse reactions with the combination therapy, these reactions could be considered manageable and controllable.

Retrospective evaluation of adjuvant capecitabine dosing patterns in triple negative breast cancer.

The CREATE-X trial demonstrated that adjuvant capecitabine was effective in prolonging survival in high-risk triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. However, the recommended dose is generally not well tolerated by the US population. The goal of this study is to analyze dosing patterns in an ethnically diverse cohort to better characterize tolerability and inform future dosing guidelines. In our single-center retrospective study, we evaluated safety and tolerability in TNBC patients undergoing adjuvant capecitabine treatment. The primary endpoint, relative dose intensity (RDI) across eight cycles, was examined alongside subgroup analyses based on age, race, BMI, and initial dose. Secondary endpoints include capecitabine-related side effects and survival. 67 patients who completed adjuvant capecitabine at University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) between January 2017 and November 2022 were eligible. The mean RDI across eight cycles of treatment was 60.2% (95% CI: 0.554-0.650). When compared to the CREATE-X trial, the RDI in our population was significantly lower (0.602 vs. 0.787, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in average RDI across eight cycles for patients stratified by age, BMI, race, or initial starting dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (73%), diarrhea (27%), and fatigue (22%), consistent with prior studies. Our data demonstrates that a significant portion of patients have a lower tolerated dose of capecitabine in comparison to the recommended adjuvant dose. Acknowledging the limitations of our single-center analysis, RDI was not significantly affected by age, race, BMI, or initial starting dose.

Efficacy and safety of Anlotinib based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)

BackgroundAnlotinib, an oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown the ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib plus docetaxel, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TEC) as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced TNBC.MethodsLocally advanced TNBC patients who had received no prior systemic treatment were eligible for this study. The enrolled patients were scheduled to undergo six cycles of anlotinib (12 mg, d1-14, q3w) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2, d1, q3w), epirubicin (75 mg/m2, d1, q3w) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2, d1, q3w) prior to surgery, unless there was disease progression or severe toxicity. The primary objective of this study was the safety of this therapeutic regimen, and the secondary objective was the tumor response. The safety of this regimen was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 and the efficacy of this treatment was measured using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.ResultsA total of 18 patients were included in this study. Participants completed an average of 5.56 neoadjuvant treatment cycles. The objective response rate (ORR) was 83.33%, and the disease control rate was 100%, respectively. The pCR was 55.6%. No patients discontinued therapy because of Adverse effects (AEs). Grade 3 or 4 AEs were observed in 5 cases (27.8%), with neutropenia and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome being the most common.ConclusionsAnlotinib combined with TEC as neoadjuvant therapy demonstrated manageable toxicity and promising antitumor activity for locally advanced TNBC. Further investigation of this combination regimen is warranted.

Efficacy and safety of apatinib in the treatment of patients with platinum‑resistant ovarian cancer: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis.

At present, the optimal therapeutic approach for the treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer remains to be fully elucidated. The present systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the relative efficacy and safety of apatinib, administered either as monotherapy or in conjunction with chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, for the treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. The PubMed, Embase and Wanfang Data electronic databases were searched, where the search spanned from the conception of the databases until April 2023. A quality evaluation was conducted and R software was used for network meta-analysis. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria screening, the present analysis included 17 clinical trials, combining data from 1,228 patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer categorized into the following three treatment cohorts: i) 555 patients who received apatinib plus chemotherapy; ii) 229 patients who received apatinib alone; and iii) 444 patients who underwent conventional chemotherapy. Results of the present study demonstrated that the co-administration of apatinib with either tegiol [odds ratio (OR), 2.54; 95% CI, 1.06-6.11] or etoposide (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.20-3.74) significantly improved the objective response rate (ORR) compared with that following apatinib monotherapy. By contrast, gemcitabine monotherapy resulted in inferior ORR efficacy compared with that following apatinib (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.95). In addition, combinations of apatinib with etoposide (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.64) or paclitaxel (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04-2.23) demonstrated a significantly improved disease control rates (DCR) compared with those following apatinib alone. According to the area under the cumulative ranking analysis, apatinib and paclitaxel in combination was the most efficacious treatment modality in terms of DCR. In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse events, such as hand-foot syndrome [relative risk (RR), 4.23; 95% CI, 1.80-9.95] and hypertension (RR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.53-15.05), was found to be significantly higher in patients treated with apatinib-containing therapies, compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone. Consequently, the present meta-analysis highlighted the potential of apatinib, particularly in combination with chemotherapy, as a therapeutic strategy for patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Impact of comprehensive nursing on hand-foot syndrome caused by oral capecitabine in breast cancer patients.

This study examines the effects of comprehensive nursing care on hand-foot syndrome (HFS) in breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 71 patients, divided into a study group receiving comprehensive care and a control group receiving conventional care. Results showed that the study group experienced significant improvements in skin symptoms, self-efficacy, quality of life, and lower anxiety and depression levels compared to the control group. Additionally, patients who were compliant with medications were notably better in the study group. Comprehensive care effectively alleviates the symptoms of hand-foot syndrome in breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine and enhances patient well-being.

Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Pharmacometric-Based Pharmacoeconomic Modeling in the Cost-Utility Evaluation of Sunitinib Therapy.

Cost-utility analyses (CUAs) increasingly use models to predict long-term outcomes and translate trial data to real-world settings. Model structure uncertainty affects these predictions. This study compares pharmacometric against traditional pharmacoeconomic model evaluations for CUAs of sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). A two-arm trial comparing sunitinib 37.5 mg daily with no treatment was simulated using a pharmacometric-based pharmacoeconomic model framework. Overall, four existing models [time-to-event (TTE) and Markov models] were re-estimated to the survival data and linked to logistic regression models describing the toxicity data [neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, fatigue, and hand-foot syndrome (HFS)] to create traditional pharmacoeconomic model frameworks. All five frameworks were used to simulate clinical outcomes and sunitinib treatment costs, including a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) scenario. The pharmacometric model framework predicted that sunitinib treatment costs an additional 142,756 euros per quality adjusted life year (QALY) compared with no treatment, with deviations - 21.2% (discrete Markov), - 15.1% (continuous Markov), + 7.2% (TTE Weibull), and + 39.6% (TTE exponential) from the traditional model frameworks. The pharmacometric framework captured the change in toxicity over treatment cycles (e.g., increased HFS incidence until cycle 4 with a decrease thereafter), a pattern not observed in the pharmacoeconomic frameworks (e.g., stable HFS incidence over all treatment cycles). Furthermore, the pharmacoeconomic frameworks excessively forecasted the percentage of patients encountering subtherapeutic concentrations of sunitinib over the course of time (pharmacoeconomic: 24.6% at cycle 2 to 98.7% at cycle 16, versus pharmacometric: 13.7% at cycle 2 to 34.1% at cycle 16). Model structure significantly influences CUA predictions. The pharmacometric-based model framework more closely represented real-world toxicity trends and drug exposure changes. The relevance of these findings depends on the specific question a CUA seeks to address.

Application of Graded Nursing for Hand-Foot Syndrome in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Patients

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the clinical value of choosing “graded nursing for hand-foot syndrome” for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The research period for this topic was from January 2023 to January 2024. Sixty hospitalized breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were selected and divided into two groups based on differences in their nursing plans: a control group and an experimental group, each consisting of 30 cases. The nursing plans selected were basic care for the control group and graded nursing for hand-foot syndrome for the experimental group. The incidence of hand-foot syndrome and changes in quality of life were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the incidence of hand-foot syndrome in the experimental group was 30.00%, significantly lower than the 56.67% in the control group, with a notable difference (P&lt;0.05). The quality of life scores of patients in the experimental group after intervention were significantly lower than those1 in the control group, showing a substantial difference (P&lt;0.05). The implementation of the graded nursing plan for hand-foot syndrome in breast cancer chemotherapy patients can prevent the occurrence of hand-foot syndrome and improve the quality of life, demonstrating strong practical significance in its application.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking approach to elucidate the mechanisms of safflower, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis, coptis, and gardenia in hand-foot syndrome.

Safflower, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis, coptis, and gardenia (SPSCG) are medicinal plants with a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the related mechanism of SPSCG against hand-foot syndrome (HFS) has yet to be revealed. To investigate the mechanisms of SPSCG in the treatment of HFS using the Network Pharmacology. Active ingredients and targets of SPSCG for HFS were screened by the Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Potential therapeutic targets were collected from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Subsequently, protein-protein interactions (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) annotations, and pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to investigate the potential mechanism of the SPSCG in HFS. Then, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to predict the binding interactions between the active compound and the core target. Finally, vitro experiments were used to verify the repair effect of key ingredients of SPSCG on cell damage caused by 5-Fluorouracil. Quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were identified as the major active components of SPSCG. GO analysis showed a total of 1,127 biological processes, 42 terms cellular components, and 57 molecular functions. KEGG analysis showed that the MAPK, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly enriched. The PPI analysis discovered that EGFR, CASP3, AKT1, CCND1, and CTNNB1 shared the highest centrality among all target genes. The experimental results confirmed that these SPSCG active ingredients could treat HFS by reducing inflammation reaction and promoting cell damage repair. SPSCG may alleviate HFS by exerting antioxidative effects and suppressing inflammatory responses.

Adverse Events in Targeted Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predict Clinical Outcomes.

To assess the impact of adverse event (AE) severity, caused by targeted therapy, on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a total of 183 patients with HCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (40), lenvatinib (57), sorafenib (79), cabozantinib (3), ramucirumab (3), and regorafenib (1) were included in this study. Age-, AFP-, and ALBI score-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of AE grades 1 to 3 versus grade 0 for OS and PFS were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. The linear trend of the HRs was assessed by calculating the p values for this trend. The most common AEs were appetite loss (AE grade 0/1/2/3 = 97/23/55/12), general fatigue (102/31/44/6), hypertension (120/6/40/17), hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (135/21/24/3), proteinuria (140/13/16/14), and hypothyroidism (148/12/23/0). The adjusted HRs for OS of these AEs were 0.532-1.450-2.361 (p for trend 0.037), 1.057-1.691-3.364 (p for trend 0.004), 1.176-0.686-0.281 (p for trend 0.002), 0.639-0.759-1.820 (p for trend 0.462), 1.030-0.959-0.147 (p for trend 0.011), and 0.697-0.609 (p for trend 0.119), respectively. Those for PFS of the corresponding AEs were 0.592-1.073-2.811 (p for trend 0.255), 1.161-1.282-4.324 (p for trend 0.03), 0.965-0.781-0.655 (p for trend 0.095), 0.737-0.623-2.147 (p for trend 0.153), 1.061-0.832-0.800 (p for trend 0.391), and 1.412-0.560 (p for trend 0.081), respectively. Appetite loss and general fatigue negatively affected clinical outcomes, whereas hypertension, HFS, proteinuria, and hypothyroidism had positive effects.

Impact of formulation parameters and circulation time on PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin related hand-foot syndrome

PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has effectively reduced the cardiac toxicity of free doxorubicin (DOX) due to its unique nanoscale properties. However, an unexpected accumulation of PLD in the skin has led to hand-foot syndrome (HFS), negatively impacting quality of life and psychological well-being. In this study, self-limiting HFS rat models were created to mimic human symptoms through varying dosing schedules and intensities of PLD. The effects of PLD formulation parameters on HFS were also investigated. The results demonstrated that replacing ammonium sulfate with citric buffer, increasing liposome size, or reducing DSPE-mPEG2000 modification density alleviated HFS. Additionally, liposomes without DSPE-mPEG2000 modification completely avoided HFS, suggesting that PEGylated phospholipid was the key formulation parameter contributing to PLD-induced HFS. Furthermore, the correlation between liposome pharmacokinetics and HFS indicated that PEGylation, rather than the extended circulation time of liposomes, may mediated PLD-related HFS. Better understanding of the formulation parameters that trigger HFS can guide reformulation strategies to mitigate or prevent this syndrome.

Using a modified Delphi procedure to select a PRO-CTCAE-based subset for patient-reported symptomatic toxicity monitoring in rectal cancer patients.

Standardized patient-reported outcomes (PRO) monitoring during and after rectal cancer treatment provides insight into treatment-related toxicities patients experience and improves health-related quality-of-life as well as overall survival. We aimed to select a subset of the PRO version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) for standardized monitoring of treatment-related symptomatic toxicities in rectal cancer. We used a mixed methods approach including a literature review, and semi-structured interviews with health care providers (HCPs) involved in rectal cancer care and rectal cancer patients. Results from literature and interviews were summarized and used in a modified Delphi procedure to select a PRO-CTCAE subset specific for rectal cancer. Twenty-six PRO-CTCAE symptomatic toxicities were identified from literature. Fifteen HCPs from multiple disciplines (medical, radiation and surgical oncology), and a heterogeneous group of fifteen rectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and/or surgery, participated in semi-structured interviews. Ten HCPs (67%) and nine patients (90%) participated in the first Delphi round. The final selected PRO-CTCAE core-subset contained 16 symptomatic toxicities: 'diarrhea', 'fecal incontinence', 'constipation','bloating of the abdomen', 'pain in the abdomen', 'vomiting', 'decreased libido', 'pain during vaginal sex', 'ability to achieve and maintain erection', 'fatigue', 'anxiety', 'feeling that nothing could cheer you up', 'urinary incontinence', 'painful urination', 'general pain', and 'hand-foot syndrome'. Based on a comprehensive mixed methods study, a PRO-CTCAE subset for standardized treatment-related symptomatic toxicity monitoring in rectal cancer was identified. Assessment of the effectiveness and compliance of symptomatic toxicity monitoring using this subset is recommended.