Acne Problems Research Articles

FORMULASI DAN UJI KESTABILAN FISIK SUSPENSI TOPIKAL YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK NERII FOLIUM SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI DALAM SEDIAAN ANTI JERAWAT

Nerium oleander is one of the plants that can be developed to be a herbal medicine because the leaf extract has an antibacterial activity against some microorganisms and empirically had been used to solve the acne problem. The anti acne formulation should not make the acne worse because of mistaken to choose the dosage form. The suspension dosage form (has no oil content makes the acne worse) containing the dried leaf extract of Nerium oleander in 97% alcohol was chosen to be formulated by varying respectively carbomer, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and tragacanth as a suspending agent. The concentration of Nerii folium extract in the suspension was based on the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of the extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus. The evaluation of the formula was done by physical stability test including organoleptic test (color and odor), pH, volume of sedimentation, mean particle diameter size, viscosity stored in low temperature of 4oC, room tperature of 28oC, and high temperature of 40oC, cycling test and mechanical test.The results showed that suspension with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose as the suspending agent has better physical stability than carbomer or tragacanth.

The ability of melatonin to influence oxidative stress and lower the dose of prednisolone in patients with alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, autoimmune unpredictable, nonscaring form of hair loss.Melatonin is the most potent antioxidant known, it protect cells from so called free radical damage. Orally administered prednisone has proved effective to stimulate new hair growth for patients with AA, but its potential side effects which include weight gain, metabolic abnormalities, acne and menstrual problems makes difficulty in prescribing cortisone in high doses for patients with AA.This study was designed to assess the clinical significance of the melatonin in reducing the dose of corticosteroids (prednisolone), and as a consequence, their side effects in patient with AA. The results f this study reveal the potential clinical significance of two months treatment with this antioxidant (melatonin) in reducing the dose of prednisolone from 100mg to 10mg administered each other day and improving the rate of hair growth by attenuating free radicals damaging effect on immune system, thereby decreasing the immune complex deposition. According to the results of this study, the use of melatonin may have an important role in protecting the immune system, and decreasing the dose and side effects that result from the use of high dose of corticosteroids

Commentary 3

Commentary 3

Have Oral Contraceptives Reduced the Prevalence of Acne? A Population-Based Study of Acne vulgaris, Tobacco Smoking and Oral Contraceptives

Background: The prevalence of acne among adolescents appears to vary geographically. This study was therefore undertaken to describe the prevalence rate of acne among Danish adolescents and to study the possible influence of oral contraceptives (OC) and tobacco smoking on disease prevalence and severity. Both have been suggested to influence acne and are therefore potential confounders in studies of acne prevalence. Methods: A random sample of 186 15- to 22-year-old subjects participating in a population-based study of allergic diseases in Copenhagen County were also examined for acne. Questionnaire data on demographic variables, acne problems, smoking status and use of OC were recorded, and acne was graded according to the Leeds scale. Results: The prevalence of clinical acne (Leeds score >1) was 40.7% for men and 23.8% for women (odds ratio, OR, acne vs. no acne: 0.46, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.24–0.85). Acne was perceived as a personal problem by 37.6% of all subjects, and this was associated with clinical acne (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 2.7–10.9). The use of OC was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of acne (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11–0.86), while the use of tobacco smoking was not significantly associated with acne (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.17–1.78). Conclusion: In congruence with recent reports from other countries, the prevalence rate of acne among adolescents was found to be lower than previously described in older reports. In this population, the use of OC was associated with a lower prevalence of acne.

Hormonal profiles and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with acne.

One of the important etiologic factors in acne is an increase in sebaceous gland activity, which is androgen dependent. Acne is a common manifestation of hyperandrogenemia. Therefore, acne may not only cause cosmetic concern but may also be a sign of underlying disease. In females, the most common cause of hyperandrogenemia is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to determine the hormonal profiles of women with acne and the prevalence of PCOS in women attending the dermatological clinic with acne problems. The diagnostic criteria of PCOS were clinical findings of menstrual disturbances and hyperandrogenism (acne, seborrhea, hirsutism), pelvic ultrasound imaging of PCO (multiple subcapsular ovarian cysts 2-8 mm. in diameter, with dense echogenic stroma), and an elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio. There were 51 women with acne; 20 regularly menstruating volunteers without acne served as a control group. PCOS was found in 19 out of 51 patients with acne (37.3%) and none of the control group. Twenty acne patients had abnormal menstruation (39.2%). Acne cases had higher mean levels of serum total testosterone (T), free T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and prolactin (PRL). No statistically significant difference was observed for LH, FSH or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Because of this high prevalence of PCOS in women with acne, all women presenting with acne should be asked about their menstrual pattern and examined for other signs of hyperandrogenemia. Hormonal profile determination as well as pelvic ultrasonography for ovarian visualization should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of PCOS in female acne patients who have menstrual disturbances.

Antibiotics and pustulocystic acne. A longterm, double-blind evaluation.

The management of acne is one of the most difficult problems with which the dermatologist is faced. The use of antibiotics 1-10 has in recent years lent itself to the advancement of our ability to cope with this annoying disease. It may well be time for us to reevaluate our use of the so-called usual adjuvants to see if they are as of as much value as we have previously thought them to be. To my knowledge the only other double-blind study done on the problem of antibiotics and acne was a shortterm report 10 in which a chemotherapeutic agent was used with proved success. The following is a double-blind study of multiple antibiotics used over a long term with much local therapy omitted and some local therapy accentuated. Much has been written about the etiology of acne. No attempt will be made to review it here. An excellent review

THE ACNE PROBLEM

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 70-71 Current Comment THE ACNE PROBLEM First published: 01 July 1953 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1953.tb94932.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue2July 1953Pages 70-71 RelatedInformation

OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS

Most of us are probably agreed that the therapeutic problem of acne is not yet satisfactorily solved. The early favorable results with roentgen therapy and especially the wider use of this modality following the more exact dosage obtainable with the Coolidge tube made it seem for some years that little more was needed, but a later appraisal of the results seems to have shown that there is still room for improvement. This realization together with the more recent knowledge of female hormone physiology and therapy has led to a renewed interest in the therapeutic problem of the disease. At present there is a state of flux concerning it. Formerly the treatment was practically routinized, the routine being so many doses of the roentgen ray. Now there is a greater tendency to recognize the limitations of the therapeutic weapons and to individualize and select treatment according to each case. To me