Adolescent Acne Research Articles

Patterns of thyroid dysfunctions in adolescent patients suffering from severe acne during isotretinoin treatment.

Although oral isotretinoin has been widely used as a basic treatment of acne in adolescents, several studies have noted some alterations in thyroid functions during oral isotretinoin therapy. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the possible changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels during isotretinoin treatment and analyzing the possible factors which may contribute to such changes. In the present study, 47 patients received (0.5mg/kg oral isotretinoin) for treatment of severe acne. TSH, fT4 and fT3 were measured at baseline, after 3 and 6months. ANOVA tests were used for statistical analyses. The levels of fT4 and fT3 decreased significantly during isotretinoin treatment (from 0.85±0.04 and 3.1±0.26 at baseline to 0.81±0.023 and 2.76±0.2 after 6months, respectively). The decrease was accompanied by significant elevation of TSH (0.66±0.05 at baseline to 0.695±0.05 after 6months). The duration of therapy (but not the dose) has significantly affected all the hormonal changes. Previous incomplete or intermittent isotretinoin treatment had significantly influenced the changes in fT4 only, while gender affected the changes of TSH. Isotretinoin treatment can decrease fT4, fT3 and increase TSH. The pattern of these changes was affected by gender and previous isotretinoin therapy. Different doses of isotretinoin did not affect the hormonal changes, but the duration has been the major influencing factor.

Evaluation of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, glucose levels in patients with adolescent and post-adolescent acne.

There are many endogenous and exogenous factors that cause acne formation. This study aimed to determine whether the acne severity in patients with various age ranges is associated with serum insulin-like growth factor, insulin, and glucose and to identify how much they affect the acne severity. In this case-control prospective study, 44 patients withacne vulgarisand 44 age- and gender-matched control subjects withoutacnewere evaluated. Patients and the control group were divided into two age-groups as adolescence and post-adolescence. According to the Global Acne Scoring System (GASS) of the acne group, the acne score grades between 0 and 44 were calculated. The correlations between the IGF-1, insulin, glucose levels, and acne grades were calculated in each group. In our study, the acne scores and serum IGF-1levels were found to be significantly higher in patients under the age of 21 than patients over the age of 21. There was a statistically significant difference in acne score between the two groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the serum IGF-1, insulin, and glucose levels of the acne group and the control group. In this study, it has been revealed that IGF-1 is effective at the pathogenesis of acne in adolescence.

HSV model‐based segmentation driven facial acne detection using deep learning

AbstractAcne is a skin disease mainly caused by bacteria, the hair follicles exposed to oil, and dying skin cells. These sometimes trigger whiteheads, blackheads or pimples, usually on the neck, arms, arm and back of shoulders. Acne in adolescents is the most severe, even though it affects people of any generation. Doctors can easily detect acne by seeing a patient's skin, but automatic acne detection is not easy for machines. Deep learning (DL) approaches have been quite successful for various aspects like classification and detection of objects in real life. This paper proposes an enhanced DL CNN model with the Leaky ReLU activation function. DermNet NZ's facial acne images dataset is used for the experiments. Three different techniques‐ K‐Means, Texture Analysis and HSV Model‐Based Segmentation, are applied for image segmentation to extract the acne region from skin images. After applying all the above image segmentation methods five times for each method, output images from K‐Means and HSV (5 + 5 images) are collected and combined with the dataset. Using that dataset, one SVM model using Scikit‐learn and two CNN models‐ one with the ReLU activation function and another with the LeakyReLU activation function, is trained. Out of these three models, the proposed CNN (LeakyReLU) model achieved a 97.54% accuracy.

The Association between Acne Vulgaris and Stress among Adolescents in Kenjeran, Surabaya

Background: Acne vulgaris is the main skin disease problem for adolescents. The complication of acne in adolescents is scars left on the face, which affects stress levels. Stress has harmful potential when the conditions exceed the individual's ability to cope. Kenjeran area has a tropical climate and weather which are the factors that cause acne vulgaris. Objective: This research aims to study the association between acne vulgaris severity and stress among adolescents in Kenjeran, Surabaya Methods: This research used non-probability purposive sampling technique and observational analytic method with cross-sectional design. Assessment of the acne severity was carried out by dermatologist using Lehmann’s Grading System and stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire in 109 adolescent subjects. Results: The highest frequency is women aged 15 years. The dominance is in mild acne severity with moderate stress. It was found that adolescents with acne vulgaris are at risk of experiencing stress even though the analysis of the results using fisher-exact showed that there was no significant association between the acne severity and stress level in adolescents with acne vulgaris (p=0.113). Conclusion: The presence of acne vulgaris puts adolescents at risk of experiencing mild, moderate, or severe stress. It requires attention because can cause adverse effects that affect adolescents into adulthood life.

Comparison of the psychosocial impact of acne in adolescents and adults; body satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life.

Dermatological diseases, including acne vulgaris, have significant psychosocial effects on patients. To compare body satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life (QoL) in adolescents and adults with acne. A total of 192 acne patients (132 female, 60 male; aged 19.42±3.50years) were included in the study. Global Acne Grading System, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Turkish Acne Quality of Life Index (TAQoLI), and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) were used. The patients were divided into two groups: under 20years old (adolescents) and 20years and above (adults). The mean RSES score was found as 19.49±5.11, the mean BCS score was 143.95±20.92 and the mean TAQoLI score was 23.44±10.02. There was no difference between adolescents and adults in terms of the mean value of the RSES score, TAQoLI score, and BCS score (p>0.05). But, the proportion of those whose RSES score is below 15 is higher in patients under 20years of age (28%) than patients aged 20 and over (14%) (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of body satisfaction was self-esteem (β=0.287, p<0.05), the most important determinants of self-esteem were body satisfaction (β=0.208, p<0.05), QoL (β=-0.398, p<0.001), and education level (β=0.245, p=0.007) and, one of the most important determinant of QoL was self-esteem (β=-0.403, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that acne vulgaris negatively affects an individual's body satisfaction, self-esteem, and QoL. The psychosocial burden of acne is as significant for adults as for adolescents. Body satisfaction, self-esteem, and QoL are in interaction with each other.

TO EVALUATE THE TRIGGER FACTORS AND HORMONAL ABNORMALITIES IN ADULT FEMALE ACNE

Introduction: Acne is affecting an increasing number of adult females and so can no longer be considered as a disease of adolescence. Genetic and hormonal factors are thought to play key roles in the pathogenesis of adult female acne and the disease is characterized by a chronic evolution with frequent relapses requiring long-term maintenance therapy. Material and Methods: This is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of 1 year. Patients over the age of 25 years presenting with acne in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. A detailed history and examination was carried out, with a stress on aggravating factors. Hormonal imbalances were investigated in females with alopecia, obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularity. Severity of acne and complications like scarring and psychological stress were included. Results: Out of 90 patients included in the study 100% were women. The mean age of the patients was 31.2 years. Persistent acne was observed in 60%, while it was late onset in 40%. The most common lesion at presentation was papule (63.21%) followed by mixed lesions including pustules, nodules, and comedones. The patient acne severity was graded as mild (80%) to moderate (21%) with a mean GAGS of 13.45 ± 3.63. Facial involvement was seen in all, except two patients in whom only truncal involvement was present. On the face, cheek was the most common site involved (78.8%) followed by chin (58.8%), mandibular area (54.4%), forehead (41.5%) and nose (21.1%). Conclusion:Adult acne is predominant in women, and as compared to adolescent acne is more inflammatory, with involvement of the cheeks and lower half of the face, while comedones are rare.

Analysis of 3702 patients with acne vulgaris and concomitant comorbidities in Turkey: a multi-centered, prospective, controlled study.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit. Although it is considered to be a skin-limited disease, different clinical studies have recently been published in which the disease is accompanied by systemic symptoms. In this study, systemic comorbidities accompanying acne vulgaris and the relationship between existing comorbidities and disease severity are investigated. This prospective multicenter study was conducted by the Turkish Society of Dermatology Acne Study Group. Twelve dermatology clinics and 14 clinicians throughout Turkey participated in the study. A structured physician-administered questionnaire was used to collect patient demographics, clinical findings, and lifestyle data. Physicians recorded each participant's medical history, including current and past comorbidities, duration of any comorbidity, smoking, and drinking. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. There were 3022 patients in the adolescent acne group and 897 in the control group. The incidence of nonmigraine headache in adolescents with acne was significantly higher than in the nonacne group (P=0.019). There were 680 patients in the postadolescent acne group and 545 in the control group. In the postadolescent group, incidence of metabolic disease was lower than the control group (P=0.003). In the postadolescent group, premenstrual syndrome (P<0.001) and PCOS (P=0.007) were more common than the control group. In this study, we observed that acne vulgaris does not cause systemic comorbidities. There is also a need for new studies involving a large number of patients to illuminate systemic diseases accompanying acne vulgaris.

Adolescent Acne and Disparities in Mental Health

AbstractAcne is a hallmark of adolescence, affecting 85% of youth between the ages of 12 and 25 worldwide. Perhaps because of its ubiquity and minimal impact on physical functioning, acne is often dismissed as a time‐delimited cosmetic nuisance and has been summarily neglected by developmental scientists. However, emerging evidence suggests that acne is associated with clinically significant psychological adjustment problems, including depression and anxiety. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach that bridges developmental and dermatological science, we reposition acne as a prominent source of psychological maladjustment and health disparities in adolescence. Specifically, we propose that females and youth with darker skin may be disproportionately affected by the pernicious psychological effects of acne. Reconceptualizing adolescent acne as a developmentally and psychologically meaningful dermatologic disease with effects shaped by culture and health care disparities will advance our understanding of youth’s mental health.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP TIMBULNYA ACNE VULGARIS (JERAWAT) PADA REMAJA DI SMAN 1 PELANGIRAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR TAHUN 2018

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease that occurs due to chronic inflammation of pilosebasea characterized by blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts in the predilection areas that are usually in the sebaceous glands such as face, chest and upper back. in adolescent acne incidence occurs with the age range 14-17 years in women, and in men the age range 16-19 years. factors influencing the occurrence of acne vulgaris is age factor, cosmetic usage factor and food factor. The purpose of this research is to know the factors that influence on the emergence of acne vulgaris (acne) in adolescents at SMAN 1 Pelangiran Year 2018. The research design used is cross sectional, where the research is in SMAN 1 Pelangiran. Population in this research is all student of SMAN 1 Pelangiran 177 people. Sample 122 respondents. The sample in this research is taken by using cluster sampling method. Data used primary data, research instrument in the form of questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariat and bivariate. The results of the study showed that the majority were at the age of 17 years, as many as 47 people (38.5%) .The majority of students who experienced the onset of Acne Vulgaris (acne) in adolescents at SMAN 1 Pelangiran had the habit of not using as many as 83 people (68, 0%). The majority of students who experienced the onset of acne vulgaris (acne) in adolescents at SMAN 1 Pelangiran Indragiri Hilir district has a habit of consuming bad food as much as 99 people (81.1%). It is expected that students will improve their knowledge of acne causing problems and improve self-hygiene behaviors to reduce the incidence of Acne Vulgaris, and be more concerned with health with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle that helps them to have a positive body image.&#x0D;

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness and safety of various therapy methods for acne in adolescents

<h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Сравнение эффективности и безопасности различных методов терапии угревой болезни. <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> В исследование включены 246 пациентов с акне длительностью более 1 года, распределенных в зависимости от степени тяжести (1-я группа — легкая степень, 2-я группа — средняя степень) заболевания и проводимого лечения (подгруппы А, Б, В). В подгруппах А применяли наружно гель адапален 0,1% с бензоилпероксидом 2,5% 12 нед, в подгруппах Б — холодную атмосферную плазму (ХАП), в подгруппах В — наружно гель и ХАП. Исследовали pH и влажность кожи в зоне акне, у части пациентов выполнили микробиологическое исследование до и после лечения. Эффективность и безопасность терапии оценивали сразу после ее окончания. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> До лечения папуло-пустулезной формы акне с локализацией на коже лица (100% пациентов), спины (50% пациентов) и груди (42% пациентов) pH кожи в области элементов акне выше нормы на 12,18—15,82%, влажность кожи снижена в 100% случаев — более выраженно у пациентов 2-й группы. До начала лечения высеяны <i>Staph. epidermidis</i> (у 30,9%)<i>, Staph. aureus</i> (у 17,8%)<i>, P. acnes</i> (у 79,8%), <i>Corynebacterium</i> spp. (у 7,1%), <i>Str. viridans</i> (у 5,2%), после терапии в подгруппах Б и В высевов <i>P. acnes, Staph. aureus, Corynebacterium</i> spp. не получено, обсемененность кожи <i>Staph. epidermidis</i> и <i>Str. viridans</i> уменьшилась в 2—3 раза; показатель pH кожи лица снизился больше в подгруппах А, чем в других, и ниже нормы (<i>p</i>&lt;0,05), нормализовался в подгруппах Б, в подгруппах В немного ниже нормы (в среднем 5,46 и 5,37 против 5,50). Влажность кожи после лечения в подгруппах 1А и 2А снижена (<i>p</i>&lt;0,005), в подгруппах 1Б и 2Б не изменялась или несколько повысилась, приближаясь к норме. В подгруппах В отмечено отсутствие динамики или некоторое повышение влажности (в среднем с 60,9 до 62,5), но показатели остались существенно ниже нормы. Дерматологический индекс акне (ДИА): 0 — в подгруппе 1А у 77,3% пациентов; в подгруппе 1Б у 90,2% пациентов; в подгруппе 1В у 100% пациентов; 0 и 75 — в подгруппе 2А у 90,2% пациентов (56,1% и 34,1% соответственно); 50 — у 9,8% пациентов; 0 — в подгруппе 2Б у 70,7% пациентов; 75 — у 24% пациентов; 50 — у 4,9% пациентов; 0 — в подгруппе 2В у 87,8% пациентов; 75 — у 12,2% пациентов. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Использование ХАП позволяет минимизировать частоту и выраженность нежелательных явлений, сократить время достижения клинического эффекта. Для пациентов с акне легкой степени тяжести можно предложить монотерапию ХАП без потери эффективности.

Questionnaire Survey on Adolescent Acne Conducted in Mothers of Elementary or Junior High School Students

Questionnaire Survey on Adolescent Acne Conducted in Mothers of Elementary or Junior High School Students

A Clinicoepidemiological Study of Adult Acne Among Females

Background: Acne is usually recognized as an adolescent skin disorder, but recently prevalence among adults is increasing. There are not many studies on adult acne in Indian population. Objectives: To study the various clinico-epidemiological factors and assess laboratory investigations for underlying hormonal imbalance in patients with adult acne. Objectives: To study the impact of adult acne on psychological stress and patients quality of life. Materials and Methods: In our prospective observational study, female patients over the age of 25 years presenting with acne in a tertiary care hospital were included. All patients were assessed for hormonal imbalances both clinically and with laboratory investigations. Patients were asked to fill questionnaires to assess stress and impairment in quality of life. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics like percentage, mean, range were used. Inferential statistics like chi square test was used. The statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence level (P&lt;0.05). Results: Out of 150 female patients included in the study, the mean age of the patients was 30.19 years. Persistent acne was observed in 77.3%, while it was late onset in 22.7%, with inflammatory acne (76%) being most common. Most patients showed clinical signs of hyperandrogenism but raised total testosterone levels was seen in only 1.3%. Scarring was observed in a majority of patients (76%), and psychological stress in 46.7% patients. Conclusions: Adult acne is predominant in women which can be of late onset or persistent type, is usually inflammatory with predominant distribution involving cheeks, mandible and chin as compared to adolescent acne. Psychological stress assessment and dermatological quality of life index helps in assessing the severity and providing appropriate treatment.

Features of sexual development, immune status and biochemical parameters in boys suffering from acne

Among skin diseases in children and adolescents, the most common pathology is acne. The main pathogenetic link of acne in adolescents is hormonal imbalance. The effect on the sebaceous glands of high concentrations of dihydrotestosterone causes a change not only in the quantitative but also in the qualitative composition of the sebaceous secretion. The study is devoted to assessing the characteristics of sexual development, immune status and biochemical parameters in boys suffering from acne. Materials and methods.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the state of immunity, sexual development, biochemical parameters of 147 boys suffering from acne, and 142 healthy boys who do not suffer from acne.&#x0D; It was found that the immune status of boys suffering from acne was characterized by a decrease in cytotoxic lymphocytes. In the peripheral blood of these boys, serum interferon , tumor necrosis factor , interleukins 1, 2, 8 and 10, as well as small circulating immune complexes were significantly higher than in the boys of the control group. In boys suffering from acne, in the puberty period, the concentration of prolactin in 1314 years is significantly lower, and testosterone levels are significantly higher than in boys of the control group of the same age. At 1517 years of age, the concentration of luteinizing hormone in boys with acne is significantly lower, and testosterone is higher than in boys in the control group. Evaluation of the degree of formation of secondary sexual characteristics indicates that boys suffering from acne differed from their peers from the control group by a small advance in sexual development. Thus, boys suffering from acne, characterized by advanced and disharmonious puberty.

Spironolactone in the treatment of adolescent acne: A retrospective review

To the Editor: Spironolactone is used to treat hormonal acne via antiandrogen properties and by reducing sebum production. Its use is on the rise for acne in female adolescents1; however, most studies on spironolactone efficacy focus on adults. The purpose of this study is to fill this knowledge gap by evaluating spironolactone in adolescent acne treatment.

COPING MECHANISMS IN ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE VULGENT ACNE IN MTS ASSA’ADA CLASS 3 KANDANGAN SAMBENG DISTRICT

Introduction: Physical conditions in adolescence are a source of changes in self-identity and self-concept, many of which are caused by physical images. As in adolescents who have acne or acne, where this often occurs in adolescents aged 15-19 years in women and 17-21 in men. One of the effects of the occurrence of acne in adolescents is the emergence of coping mechanisms that are adaptive mall. This is reinforced from the results of the initial survey conducted by researchers in grade 3 students at MTs Assa'ada Kandangan, Sambeng District, 10 students obtained data that 7 or 70% of students with acne used a maladaptive coping mechanism and 3 or 30% of students used a mechanism adaptive coping. The purpose of this study was to identify the picture of coping mechanisms in adolescents who have acne vulgaris at MTs Assa’ada class 3 Kandangan Sambeng District.Methods: The design used in this study was descriptive with sampling techniques using total sampling and the instruments used were questionnaires with closed questions to respondents. From the results of the questionnaire data grouping and data tabulation were carried out by descriptive method and transformed in the form of narratives and percentages.Results: The results of the study showed that most respondents had adaptive coping mechanisms. This may be influenced by several factors including: gender and age. Conclusion: The experience factor of the respondents is quite adequate this is because of the time the acne appears itself. If the acne arises the respondent has an effective method or trick in the association to show his confidence. The occurrence of acne that is common in adolescence, then over time teenagers will be able to adjust to the situation, because it is considered normal thing and often occurs in adolescence.

COMBINATING DERMAL FILLER IN DEPRESSED ACNE SCARS TREATMENT

Acne scars are common sequelae of adolescent acne and have many negative effects on patients. Scars can affect the aesthetics and psychology of patients, limiting social interaction and affecting success in life. The forms of acne scars are very diverse and complex. Each patient can have many scars associated with different degrees. Although there are many methods treatment, successfully treating acne scars is still challenging. Combinating dermal filler with other scar treatments (dermal subcision, laser fractional CO2, RF needle ...) accurately helping improve treatment effectiveness, minimizes side effects or complications due to treatment. Objective of the review is to classify acne scars and choose effective treatments for each type of scars. The method of applying fillers during scar treatment. Key words: Acne scar treatment, ice pick, box scar, rolling scar, subcision, filler

The "bumpy" adolescent nose: Acne associated angiofibroma-like nasal papules.

Papular scars are a recently described clinical phenotype of acne scarring characterized by papules occurring on the nose and chin. We have observed a similar presentation of nasal papules among patients seen in our clinic for acne and sought to further characterize the clinical and histopathological characteristics of this entity. In this single-site case series, a retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients with nasal papules in association with acne vulgaris between April 2018 and April 2019 was performed. Clinical and histopathologic findings were recorded. We identified 20 patients who presented with a similar clinical phenotype of predominantly skin-colored, dome-shaped papules concentrated on the nose and chin in association with a history of more classic facial acne vulgaris. Papular lesions were seen predominately in adolescent Hispanic males. Concomitant acne on other areas of the face was identified in 18 patients at presentation while two patients had a history of adolescent acne. Biopsies were performed for five patients. Histopathologic examination demonstrated features of fibrosis and dilated thin-walled blood vessels, typical of angiofibromas. We present a series of adolescent patients with large, flesh-colored to erythematous papules seen predominantly on the nose. These lesions are histologically indistinguishable from angiofibromas and may represent an under-recognized yet disfiguring sequela of acne that may disproportionately affect adolescents with skin of color.

A prospective study of anti-mullerian hormone and other ovarian and adrenal hormones in adult female acne.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis in adult female acne (AFA) is tough owing to unreliable ultrasonography in virgins or obese females and inconsistent hyperandrogenemia. We analyzed hormones in AFA and established a diagnostic cut-off value of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) for PCOS. Female acne patients aged ≥25 years were assessed with total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), AMH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Rotterdam's criteria defined PCOS. AMH was measured (Access AMH assay) to calculate the diagnostic cut off value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Of 120 cases, 25.83% had PCOS. This group had significant clinical hyperandrogenism, truncal and adolescent acne, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), and raised hormones (AMH, TT, FAI, LH, and LH/FSH). AMH levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group (6.91 ± 3.85 ng/mL) and positively correlated with TT, FAI, 17OHP, LH, and LH/FSH ratio. AMH at >5.1 ng/mL (sensitivity-70.97% and specificity-82.02%) predicted PCOS and correlated with PCOM. AMH (>5.1 ng/mL) is useful for diagnosing PCOS and surrogate for hyperandrogenemia and PCOM. Its correlation with hormones in non PCOS AFA highlights its sensitivity to diagnose endocrinological derangements.

Knowledge levels and concerns about oral isotretinoin treatment in the parents of adolescent acne patients.

Oral isotretinoin is frequently used in the treatment of young acne patients. However, knowledge levels and attitudes about this treatment have not been studied in the parents previously. We aimed to investigate the knowledge levels and concerns about oral isotretinoin in the parents of adolescent acne patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 136 parents of adolescent patients with moderate to very severe acne vulgaris who answered the questionnaire about oral isotretinoin treatment. Demographic data and acne characteristics were recorded. The parents' knowledge levels and concerns about the treatment process were asked by the questionnaire. Since 32 parents have never heard oral isotretinoin before, they were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 104 parents, 80.8% were female and 19.2% were male. Of the parents, 62.5% had some concerns about oral isotretinoin treatment and 34.6% had no idea whether the drug is suitable for the use of <18 years. 52.9% stated that they think the drug will damage the liver. The most known and worrying side effects were dry lips and vision problems, respectively. The knowledge levels about oral isotretinoin treatment and its side effects were low in the parents of adolescent acne patients, leading to prejudice to the drug.

Skin surface lipidomics revealed the correlation between lipidomic profile and grade in adolescent acne.

Acne is a multifactorial skin disorder frequently observed during adolescence with different grades of severity. The crucial factors of acne are the increase of lipids secretion and the change of composition on the skin surface lipid (SSL). However, there are no studies on the changes of lipid composition and content between different grades of adolescent acne in lesional skin and nonlesionsal skin. This study was to investigate correlation in the composition of SSL and different grades in order to understand the tendency of SSL alterations in this disease for successful acne management and prevention. A powerful analytical technique, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and multivariate data analysis were used to investigate SSL variations of lipid main classes, subclasses, and species. The results indicated that sphinganine, triradylglycerols (TG), and phytosphingosine were important in adolescent acne development. The average fatty acids (FAs) chain length in patients with acne showed significantly shortened trend from mild to moderate adolescent acne. Additionally, the relative average content of TG, diglyceride (DG), FA, ceramides (Cers), and the level of unsaturated FAs significantly increased from mild to moderate adolescent acne. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the phytosphingosine and sphinganine showed an increasing trend in mild acne groups, but decreasing trend in lesional skin of moderate group. Lipidomics analysis suggested that the variation of TG, phytosphingosine, and sphinganine was closely related to the occurrence severity of acne in adolescent.