Acids In Aerial Parts Research Articles

Identification and Isolation of Caffeic, Chlorogenic and Ferulic Acids in Aerial Parts of Capparis spinosa wildly grown in Iraq

Capparis spinosa is one of the oldest genera grown in Iraqi land with worldwide traditional medicinal uses beside the culinary uses. These uses were own to the presence of many phytochemical including flavonoids, polyphenols. Among the reported polyphenolic acids are caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids with well-known powerful antioxidant properties. The present work aimed to identify the presence of these polyphenolic acids in Iraqi caper naturally gown in the rural area of middle Iraq following standard chromatographic procedures. Aerial parts of the plant (buds, berries and leaves) were extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent by maceration method. Thin layer chromatographic techniques and HPLC analysis were performed to identify the presence of polyphenolic acids in ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroalcoholic extracts. The result obtained in this work revealed the presence of these phenolic acids in investigated extracts. Chromatographic analysis confirms the presence of considerable amounts of these acids in ethyl acetate fraction when the separated spots were compared with Rf values and UV spectra of standards. Such data give a promising use of aerial parts of Iraqi caper for globally reported medicinal uses.

HPLC-UV Determination of Catechins and Gallic Acid in Aerial Parts of Astragalus glycyphyllos L.

The aerial part of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. (Astragali glycyphylli herba), a promising nephroprotective agent in folk medicine, has been investigated by HPLC-UV for occurrence of catechins, which are known in individual state as renoprotective substances and gallic acid. The following six compounds were detected and quantitatively determined in the analyzed plant material: (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and gallic acid. The highest yield amongst the flavan-3-ols was found for (-)-gallocatechin (3.7 mg/g) and (-)-epigallocatechin (1.7 mg/g). The determined content of gallic acid was 0.4 mg/g. The investigated material should be subjected for further studies to substantiate the recommendation for its wider employment in current phytotherapeutic practice.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 241-247, 2019 (December)

Phytotoxic activity and chemical composition of Cassia absus seeds and aerial parts

The present study was conducted to assess the phytotoxic potential and the phytochemical composition of Cassia absus. Aqueous extracts caused significant reduction in root growth of Lactuca sativa. Seed extract was more effective than aerial part extract. Successive extractions of this plant were performed using solvents with increasing polarities. The methanolic seed extract exerted strong phytotoxic effect on seedling growth, followed by petroleum ether extract of the aerial part. The phytochemical investigation showed that among the organic extracts, methanol extracts of seeds and aerial parts contained the highest amounts of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins. Seeds were rich in linoleic acid followed by palmitic acids. Palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids were the major fatty acids in aerial parts. HPLC-DAD analysis of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of luteolin in C. absus aerial parts.

Determination of Cichoric Acid as a Biomarker in Echinacea Purpurea Cultivated in Iran Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) is an immunostimulating drug, containing multiple substances. The most important substance in activity is polysaccharide, caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid), alkamides and glycoproteins. It is not clear yet, which substances are responsible for activity. Cichoric acid is an appropriate marker of the quality of Echinacea purpurea containing product, because it has immune stimulatory effects and it is susceptible to degradation. In this study a TLC scanner system and HPLC method has been used for identification and determination of cichoric acid in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea. The results showed that the cichoric acid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Iran is about 1.50 ± 0.65% (w/w) which is comparable with cichoric acid content in native plants. The local conditions have no significant effect on cichoric acid content as a biomarker of Echinacea purpurea quality.

Effect of development stage at harvest on the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in aerial parts of Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link.))

Effect of development stage at harvest on the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in aerial parts of Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link.))

Quantitative determination by HPLC of ent-kaurenoic and grandiflorenic acids in aerial parts of Wedelia paludosa D.C.

There are several reports of biological activity for kaurenoic acid (1), which is found in the aerial parts of Wedelia paludosa D.C., a herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family abundant in Brazil, and that contains grandiflorenic acid (2) also. Both of these diterpenes were shown to cause lysis of trypomastigotes of the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). This paper reports the quantitative determination of these diterpene acids in the aerial parts of W. paludosa by an isocratic RP-HPLC method employing 60% acetonitrile in water and UV detection (220 nm). Kaurenoic acid (1) was found to be more abundant (0.85 ± 0.08%) while the amount of grandiflorenic acid (2) determined was almost three times lower (0.32 ± 0.02%). No significant seasonal variation was observed for these compounds in W. paludosa growing in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil) what points out to the aerial parts of this species are a good source of these biologically active diterpenes along all the year.

Variation of DIMBOA and related compounds content in relation to the age and plant organ in maize

We report the variation of all 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives content detectable in maize with plant age in roots and aerial parts. Our results show that the concentration of hydroxamic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (DIMBOA-Glc) and its 8-methoxylated analogue (DIM 2BOA-Glc) is high after seed germination and then decreases with plant age. Nevertheless, these compounds continue to be biosynthesised during 6–10 days after germination. Variation in concentration of N–O-methylated DIMBOA-Glc (HDMBOA-Glc) is similar to the one of hydroxamic acids in aerial parts. On the contrary, in roots, its concentration remains relatively stable with plant age. After 10 days, HDMBOA-Glc becomes the main compound in roots. This compound is also present in higher concentration than hydroxamic acids in the oldest leaf of 20-day-old maize. The presence of four other DIMBOA related compounds in maize plants depends on variety, age and tissue. The role of these compounds in plant resistance to aphids is discussed.