Acidophilus Strain Research Articles

Manufacture and Properties of Low-Fat Bio Yoghurt Containing Probiotic Strains and Maltodextrin as Prebiotic Osama El

Background and Objective: Significant research has been focused in discovering which prebiotics is most beneficial in increasing the levels of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of adding maltodextrin as prebiotics on the properties and survival of different probiotic strains in low-fat bio-yoghurt during cold storage. Methodology: Low-fat bio-yoghurt was made using probiotic strains (Lb acidophilus NCTC12980R and Bifidobacterium bifidium NCTC1300R) and 2% maltodextrin as well as compared with traditional starter (Str. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus). Bio-yoghurt samples were evaluated for chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties during storage at 4°C for 21 days. Results: The type of starter culture used did not affect on the dry matter, ash contents and viscosity in different bio-yoghurt. Culture combinations, fortification of maltodextrin and storage period significantly influenced on the acidity, SN\TN, diacetyle, acetaldehyde contents and viscosity in different bio-yoghurt. The results showed that maltodextrtin had no significant effect on the viability of yoghurt cultures and Lb. acidophilus strain while, it stimulated the growth of Bifi. bifidum starter bacteria to a great extent. Generally, the counts of probiotic strains used in bio-yoghurt made with maltodextrin were still higher than the recommended minimum levels (107 cfu/ ml) along the storage period. Conclusion: Addition of maltodextrin and use of probiotic strains such as Lb. acidophilus and Bifi. bifidum enhanced the sensory properties of bio-yoghurt samples when fresh and along the storage period.

A human origin strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 exhibits superior in vitro probiotic efficacy in comparison to plant or dairy origin probiotics.

Background: The health benefits of probiotics are well established and known to be strain-specific. However, the role of probiotics obtained from different origins and their efficacy largely remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro efficacy of probiotics from different origins.Methods: Probiotic strains utilized in this study include Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 (human origin), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis UABla-12 (human origin), L. plantarum UALp-05 (plant origin) and Streptococcus thermophilus UASt-09 (dairy origin). Screening assays such as in vitro digestion simulation, adhesion, cell viability and cytokine release were used to evaluate the probiotic potential.Results: All strains showed good resistance in the digestion simulation process, especially DDS-1 and UALp-05, which survived up to a range of 107 to 108 CFU/mL from an initial concentration of 109 CFU/mL. Two human colonic mucus-secreting cells, HT-29 and LS174T, were used to assess the adhesion capacity, cytotoxicity/viability, and cytokine quantification. All strains exhibited good adhesion capacity. No significant cellular cytotoxicity or loss in cell viability was observed. DDS-1 and UALp-05 significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10 and downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production. All the strains were able to downregulate IL-8 cytokine levels.Conclusion: Of the 4 strains tested, DDS-1 demonstrated superior survival rates, good adhesion capacity and strong immunomodulatory effect under different experimental conditions.

Probiotic biofilm on carrier surface: A novel promising application for food industry

In this essay work, the ability of probiotic biofilm formation on carrier surface was demonstrated. Probiotic biofilms exhibit the same properties as pathogen microbial biofilms but with higher resistance to low pH values and bile salts. The ability of different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum) to interact with pre-selected carriers divided into 3 categories (polymers, complex food matrices, and inorganic compounds) was tested. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum combined with inorganic silica carrier exhibited the interaction leading to biofilm formation only. Prepared biofilm (Lactobacillus acidophilus) was then subjected to comparative study with planktonic bacterial culture. The ability to survive in the presence of low pH value (pH 1–3) and bile salts (0.3% solution) was evaluated. Low pH value (pH 1) had a harsh effect on free cell culture causing decreased cell viability (71.9±3.2% of viable cells). Biofilm culture exhibited higher resistance to low pH value, the viability exceeded 90%. The exposure of free cell probiotic culture to porcine bile resulted in an almost constant decrease in viability during the study period (68.2±1.1% of viable cells, after 240 min incubation). Viability of biofilm after the exposition to bile was almost constant with a slight decrease of no more than 5% during the study.

The Effect of Curcumin on Growth and Adherence of Major Microorganisms Causing Tooth Decay

Background and objective: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are bacteria producing tooth decay which by adhering to tooth surfaces contribute to its pathogenesis. By increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, along with other high-cost of treatment, the use of natural antibacterial agents is essential. In this regard, the role of curcumin on the adhesion process of cariogenic pathogens has been studied.& para;& para;Materials and Methods: The bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans (PTCC1683) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC1643) were obtained from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology). The early growth of the bacteria was carried out in BHI medium, and then the concentration of microorganisms reached the half-MacFar-land standard, and using different concentrations of curcumin (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 25, 52, 62, 125, 250, 500 mu g/mI) obtained by serial dilution method the substances were mixed. BHI medium without bacteria was considered as negative control. Then samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in anaerobic conditions for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Inhibitory concentrations determined in the previous step were used to determine adhesion using the amount of light absorbance determination method.& para;& para;Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration of growth was determined in both bacterial strains of 250 mu g/ml. The results showed a decrease in light absorption with increasing curcumin concentration (P<0.001), which indicates a high correlation (correlation coefficient of -0.93) of curcumin concentrations with reverse adhesion.& para;& para;Conclusion: Adhesion is the most important factor in tooth decay and its reduction is an effective solution in preventing the disease. Considering the inhibitory role of curcumin on growth and binding of bacterial strains, this curcuminoid agent is considered as a potent anti-decay agent.

Detection and molecular characterization of butyrate-producing genes in probiotic lactic acid bacteria for use in livestock

Butyrate-producing gut microflora synthesizes and secretes butyrate which serves as source of energy and stimulates rumen development in young animals. The present study was undertaken to characterize and screen butyrate-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for probiotic use in animals in order to manipulate their gut flora for the benefit of host health and productivity. Twenty strains of LAB isolates from faeces of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were screened for probiotic potentials. The potential probiotic LAB were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Polymerase chain reaction was then used to detect the butyrate kinase (buk) gene in probiotic LAB strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the potential probiotic LAB as strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. reuteri, L. plantarum, L. helveticus and L. fermentum. Their probiotic potentials were demonstrated by their ability to tolerate low pH, bile acid and lysozyme. The PCR analysis revealed that gene encoding butyrate kinase is present in only Lactobacillus plantarum PLB5. The study revealed that these LAB strains could be developed into useful probiotics in improving the health, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of livestock, but only L. plantarum PLB5 possesses the ability to produce butyrate.Keywords: Butyrate, probiotic, lactic acid bacteria, 16S rRNA, Polymerase chain reaction

Detection and molecular characterization of butyrate-producing genes in probiotic lactic acid bacteria for use in livestock

Butyrate-producing gut microflora synthesizes and secretes butyrate which serves as source of energy and stimulates rumen development in young animals. The present study was undertaken to characterize and screen butyrate-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for probiotic use in animals in order to manipulate their gut flora for the benefit of host health and productivity. Twenty strains of LAB isolates from faeces of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were screened for probiotic potentials. The potential probiotic LAB were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Polymerase chain reaction was then used to detect the butyrate kinase (buk) gene in probiotic LAB strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the potential probiotic LAB as strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. reuteri, L. plantarum, L. helveticus and L. fermentum. Their probiotic potentials were demonstrated by their ability to tolerate low pH, bile acid and lysozyme. The PCR analysis revealed that gene encoding butyrate kinase is present in only Lactobacillus plantarum PLB5. The study revealed that these LAB strains could be developed into useful probiotics in improving the health, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of livestock, but only L. plantarum PLB5 possesses the ability to produce butyrate.Keywords: Butyrate, probiotic, lactic acid bacteria, 16S rRNA, Polymerase chain reaction

The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in People with Overweight, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Synbiotics are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in people with overweight, diabetes, and coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted and involved 60 people with overweight, diabetes, and CHD, aged 50-85years old. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either synbiotic supplements containing three probiotic bacteria spices Lactobacillus acidophilus strain T16 (IBRC-M10785), Lactobacillus casei strain T2 (IBRC-M10783), and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain T1 (IBRC-M10771) (2×109CFU/g each) plus 800mg inulin or placebo (n=30 each group) for 12weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention period to determine metabolic variables. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-3101.7±5109.1 vs. -6.2±3163.6ng/mL, P=0.02), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (-0.6±1.0 vs. -0.1±0.3μmol/L, P=0.01), and significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) levels (+7.8±10.3 vs. -3.6±6.9μmol/L, P<0.001). We did not observe any significant changes of synbiotic supplementation on other biomarkers of oxidative stress and CIMT levels. Overall, synbiotic supplementation for 12weeks among people with overweight, diabetes, and CHD had beneficial effects on serum hs-CRP, plasma NO, and MDA levels; however, it did not have any effect on other biomarkers of oxidative stress and CIMT levels.

Effect of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBKV-3) on fecal residual lactase activity in undernourished children below 10 years

ABSTRACTClinically proven Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LBKV-3 intended as probiotic for humans was used to test its effect on fecal residual lactase activity in undernourished children below 10 years of age. The children were selected from malnutrition-declared area of Maharashtra (India). One of the major causes of malnutrition is lactose intolerance which leads to diarrhea. The basic consideration in selecting the probiotic strain of L. acidophilus (LBKV-3) in this investigation was the fact that the organism is isolated from human vaginal surface swab and it was found extensively studied for probiotic characteristic. LBKB3 is tested by several workers as probiotic for hypocholesterolemic activity, implantation ability, therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal (GI) and related ailments. The results of present investigation have shown that the fecal residual lactase activity significantly increased than its initial value (which was almost zero). It appeared that the fecal residual β-galactosidase activity is an indication of positive implementation abilities of the cultures under investigation. These trends were compared with the control and blank group of children receiving Dahi and buffalo milk (BM). It was observed that both these products failed to exert any significant impact on increase in residual lactase activity.

New potentially antihypertensive peptides liberated in milk during fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria and kombucha cultures

Compounds with the ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are used medically to treat human hypertension. The presence of such compounds naturally in food is potentially useful for treating the disease state. The goal of this study was to screen lactic acid bacteria, including species commonly used as dairy starter cultures, for the ability to produce new potent ACE-inhibiting peptides during milk fermentation. Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus acidilactici were tested in this study. Additionally, a symbiotic consortium of yeast and bacteria, used commercially to produce kombucha tea, was tested. Commercially sterile milk was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria strains and kombucha culture and incubated at 37°C for up to 72 h, and the liberation of ACE-inhibiting compounds during fermentation was monitored. Fermented milk was centrifuged and the supernatant (crude extract) was subjected to ultrafiltration using 3- and 10-kDa cut-off filters. Crude and ultrafiltered extracts were tested for ACE-inhibitory activity. The 10-kDa filtrate resulting from L. casei ATCC 7469 and kombucha culture fermentations (72 h) showed the highest ACE-inhibitory activity. Two-step purification of these filtrates was done using HPLC equipped with a reverse-phase column. Analysis of HPLC-purified fractions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry identified several new peptides with potent ACE-inhibitory activities. Some of these peptides were synthesized, and their ACE-inhibitory activities were confirmed. Use of organisms producing these unique peptides in food fermentations could contribute positively to human health.

Survival of probiotic bacteria in carboxymethyl cellulose-based edible film and assessment of quality parameters

In this study, survival of four probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) immobilized in edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and physicochemical properties of films were investigated during 42 days of storage at 4 and 25 °C. Results showed a significant decrease in viability of bacterial cells during 42 days of storage at 25 °C. However, viability of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus were in the range of recommended levels during the storage at 4 °C (107 CFU/g). Probiotic films caused more water vapor permeability (WVP)and opacity, and less tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) compared to the control film. However, no significant physicochemical changes were observed among probiotic films containing different strains. Therefore, incorporation of some probiotic strains in edible coats and films could be their suitable carrier at refrigerated temperatures.

The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes.

Synbiotics are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic administration on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among gestational diabetic (GDM) women. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 60 subjects with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly assigned to consume either one synbiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain T16 (IBRC-M10785), L. casei strain T2 (IBRC-M10783), and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain T1 (IBRC-M10771) (2×109CFU/g each) plus 800mg inulin (HPX) (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 6weeks. Compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-1.9±4.2 vs. +1.1±3.5mg/L, P=0.004), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (-0.1±0.6 vs. +0.3±0.7μmol/L, P=0.02), and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+70.1±130.9 vs. -19.7±124.6mmol/L, P=0.009) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (+28.7±61.5 vs. -14.9±85.3μmol/L, P=0.02). Supplementation with synbiotic had a significant decrease in cesarean section rate (16.7 vs. 40.0%, P=0.04), lower incidence of hyperbilirubinemic newborns (3.3 vs. 30.0%, P=0.006), and newborns' hospitalization (3.3 vs. 30.0%, P=0.006) compared with the placebo. Synbiotic supplementation did not affect plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and other pregnancy outcomes. Overall, synbiotic supplementation among GDM women for 6weeks had beneficial effects on serum hs-CRP, plasma TAC, GSH, and MDA; cesarean section; incidence of newborn's hyperbilirubinemia; and newborns' hospitalization but did not affect plasma NO levels and other pregnancy outcomes. http://www.irct.ir : www.irct.ir : IRCT201704205623N108.

Targeted delivery of probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal stability and intestinal colonisation

The aim of this work was to assess the viability of some commercial probiotics after exposure to gastric acid and the possibility of modifying these formulations for delivery into the distal parts of the intestines. Gastrointestinal tolerance testing was conducted for three commercial probiotics and an in-house freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The contents of the commercial products and the in-house freeze-dried strain were then loaded into capsules for site-specific delivery into the colon using the Phloral® coating technology; the viability upon release was then ascertained. An assessment of the potential of these products to adhere to intestinal cells was also conducted. The results showed that all the commercial products contained the minimum number of probiotic strains as indicated on their respective packages. When gastric acid tolerance tests were performed on these products, all the commercial probiotics and the prepared freeze-dried strain demonstrated over 106 CFU reductions within 5min. When these were encapsulated for site-specific delivery into the distal parts of the gut, viabilities of approximately 90% were obtained after these capsules had been initially deposited in gastric acid for 2h. An evaluation of the ability of the probiotic formulations to adhere to intestinal cells demonstrated adhesion in the range 64–76% for the products evaluated. The need to target the delivery of probiotics into the intestines has been demonstrated here as this offers a greater potential for colonisation of the intestines once the harshness of the stomach has been overcome.

Uromodulin-SlpA binding dictates Lactobacillus acidophilus uptake by intestinal epithelial M cells.

Bacterial access to the gut immune system is a crucial process to promote host immune responses. The probiotic L-92 strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus exerts anti-allergic immunomodulatory effects upon oral administration in mice. Here, we show that microfold cells (M cells) are responsible for L-92 internalization for evoking L-92-mediated immune responses. L-92 specifically bound to uromodulin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein expressed exclusively on M cells among intestinal epithelial cells. Internalization of L-92 into M cells was significantly reduced in uromodulin-deficient (Umod-/-) mice compared to Umod+/+ mice. Furthermore, the binding of L-92 to uromodulin was significantly decreased after removal of surface layer protein A (SlpA) from the bacteria. Our study thus revealed a crucial role of uromodulin on the M-cell surface for the uptake of SlpA-positive lactic acid bacteria into M cells, possibly leading to subsequent delivery of the bacteria to dendritic cells closely associated with M cells for immunomodulation. Our study also shed light on the possibility that SlpA and uromodulin could be used as vehicle and target, respectively, for efficient mucosal vaccine delivery.

Effect of detoxification methods on the quality and safety of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) meal

This study was conducted to compare the effect of different detoxification methods on the composition and safety of defatted jojoba meal (DJM). Solvents, microwave, and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, and bifidobacteria) treatments were used to detoxify and reduce the antinutrition factors in DJM. The results indicated that there were differences between treatments applied to detoxify DJM. Treatment of DJM with isopropanol and Lactobacillus acidophilus was able to reduce antinutrition factors and simmondsin. Detoxified-DJM that contained lower levels of antinutrition factors and simmondsin were further evaluated by feeding studies using experimental animals. After 8 weeks of feeding studies, there were no statistically significant differences between animal groups fed on basal diet, isopropanol-treated DJM, and Lactobacillus acidophilus-treated DJM in terms of body weight gain and relative organ weights. The group fed on untreated DJM showed a decrease in total albumin, globulin, protein, and lipid profile. The activities of liver enzymes were increased indicating incidence of liver dysfunction. Groups fed isopropanol-treated DJM and L. acidophilus-treated DJM exhibited improvement in serum parameters (i.e., total lipids, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver function enzymes with no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Histopathological examinations of liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of rats fed on detoxified DJM showed the same histological features as the control rats. In conclusion, isopropanol and L. acidophilus could be applied for detoxification of DJM. Isopropanol and L. acidophilus detoxified-DJM could be recommended as a safe food or feed ingredient, since it had no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Practical applications This work described the effect of different methods for detoxification and degradation of antinutrition factors in DJM. The results indicated that the methods used, LAB and bifidobacteria, and isopropanol had high ability for detoxification of DJM. Lactobacillus acidophilus strain had the highest ability to reduce antinutrition factors and simmondsin. The incorporation of isopropanol-treated and L. acidophilus-treated DJM to basal diet had no potential adverse health/toxic effects. Therefore, isopropanol-treated and L. acidophilus-treated DJM could be recommended as safe food grade ingredients.

The potential use of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B 4495, Bifidobacterium bifidum NRRL B41410 in ?Lor Whey Cheese? and the effects on sensory properties [pdf

BACKGROUND In recent years, probiotic bacteria have increasingly been incorporated into various foods as dietary adjuncts. The viability of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B 4495 and Bifido- bacterium bifidum NRRL B41410 in salted (1% w/w) and unsalted lor whey cheese during storage (21 days) at a refrigerated temperature (4°C) was evaluated. METHODS As well as the survival of the probiotic bacteria, total mesophilic bacteria, total lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., yeast-mould counts and sensory characteristics were examined in the lor samples. RESULTS The Bf. bifidum remained in large numbers, at 7.30 and 7.11 log cfu/g, and Lb. acidophilus also survived well, with counts of 7.60 and 7.47 log cfu/g, for unsalted and salted cheeses respectively. Salted lor cheeses with added Lb. acidophilus have the highest sensory scores in the groups. CONCLUSIONS “Lor” whey cheese showed good probiotic properties.

Development of Yoghurt with Juçara Pulp (Euterpe edulis M.) and the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus La5.

Yoghurts are dairy products consumed worldwide and can be supplemented with substances that provide extra health benefits as well as probiotic strains. In this context, the present study aimed to prepare a yoghurt added of juçara (Euterpe edulis M.) pulp and the commercial probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus La5. Moreover, the probiotic survival during storage and after in vitro exposure to simulated gastric and enteric conditions was evaluated. Four formulations of yoghurt were prepared: (a) natural yoghurt, (b) yoghurt added of probiotic, (c) yoghurt added of juçara pulp, and (d) yoghurt added of probiotic culture and juçara pulp. The preparations were evaluated for survival of probiotic strain during storage and its tolerance to gastric and enteric conditions in vitro. The probiotic population in yoghurt remained unchanged during 28days of storage. In addition, juçara pulp increased the probiotic resistance to simulated gastric and enteric conditions in the first day of storage. These data indicate that juçara pulp is a potential ingredient for the production of probiotic yoghurts.

Probiotic bacteria inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 invitro.

A common method to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlots is through mass medication with antibiotics upon cattle entry (i.e. metaphylaxis). Increasingly, antimicrobial resistance in BRD bacterial pathogens has been observed in feedlots, which may have important implications for cattle health. In this study, probiotic strains were shown to adhere to bovine respiratory cells and inhibit the BRD pathogen M.haemolytica serotype 1 through competition and displacement. Probiotics may therefore offer a mitigation strategy to reduce BRD bacterial pathogens, in place of metaphylactic antimicrobials.

The Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Dysentery: a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Diarrhea is considered as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, even though one of the main reasons of death following diarrhea is initiated by dysentery. In recent years, the consumption of probiotics has been proposed for the treatment of infectious diarrhea. Despite most of the studies on probiotics have focused on acute watery diarrhea, few studies in the field of dysentery have found beneficial effects of probiotics. This study is a randomized double-blind clinical trial. The patients were randomly placed into control and case groups. In the intervention group, the patients received probiotics in the form of Kidilact® sachet, which contained high amounts of 7-strain friendly bacteria strains of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Streptococcus thermophiles. On the other hand, the patients in the control group received placebo sachets on a daily basis for 5days. It is notable that the treatment protocol of acute dysentery was done on both groups. The results of this study showed significant differences in the duration of blood in diarrhea between probiotic consumers (2.62days) and the control group (3.16days) (P value=0.05). Additionally, significant differences in the average length of hospitalization in probiotic consumers (3.16days) and control (3.66days), (P value=0.02) could be claimed that the consumption of probiotics is effective in reducing the duration of dysentery and diarrhea. The results of this study suggest that the use of probiotics can be effective in reducing the duration of blood in diarrhea. This study was also recorded in the Iran center of clinical trials registration database (IRCT2014060617985N1).

Research of influence of ultrasound treatment in various liquid media on the surface microflora of semifinished meat

In order to prevent microbial spoilage, meat and meat products could be treatedusing different types of processing. However, these methods do not ensures sterilization and can cause decrease of nutrition and biological value of food product. In this regardstudying of the innovative methods, that guaranteeing consumers safe and minimally-processed foods, is particularly relevant. The addition of lactic acid bacteria and ultrasound (US) treatment have great potential in this direction.Thesurfacemicroflorainvestigations of semifinished meat products were carried out in order to state the positive influence on their microbiological stability by US treatment in different types of medium. Experiments included the study of antagonistic activity of bacteria strains of the genus Lactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus) in relation to typical microflora representatives of chilled meat semi-finished products. Basing on these experiments the strain 7m13 of L. acidophilus with the highest inhibitory activity was chosen. The lowest inhibitory activity was found for strain 5e. The parameters of ultrasonic treatment was established as follows: installed capacity of the treatment 350 Wt with the exposure time 2 minutes, avoiding undesired denaturation changes of muscle proteins. The handling of check samples included the following variants: control (without treatment); sample 1 – treatment in distilled water; sample 2 – treatment in milk whey; sample 3 – treatment in fermented milk whey. As the result of experiments it was found, that the strain 7m13 of L.acidophilus showed the highest antagonistic activity against used test cultures of bacteria. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the surface microflora of the check samples is not constant; coccal forms are less sensitive for ultrasound treatment in comparison with bacilli and yeast cells. The minimal surface microbial population was shown using the combination of fermented milk whey and ultrasound treatment.

Physiological Effects of Whey- and Milk-Based Probiotic Yogurt in Rats.

In an in vitro experiment commercially available probiotic products were tested for the survival of bacteria under conditions of simulated human digestion either when used alone or mixed into yogurt. In the in vivo experiment the effects of feeding a whey- and milk-based yogurt prepared with the probiotic strain showing adequate survival in the in vitro experiment, was measured on body weight, feed con¬sumption and immune response of rats (IgG and IgA level after immunisation), on the composition and volatile fatty acid production of the intestinal microbiota and on the structure of intestinal villi. The Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-15) strain had inadequate surviving ability in rats. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (BB-12) improved the composition of the intestinal microflora, whereas whey-containing product had a mild immunostimulating effect and exerted a favourable influence on the morphology of intestinal villi. The consumption of yogurts increased the depth of crypts in the ileum, which resulted in enhanced secretion and thus softer faeces.