Acid Feeding Research Articles

Stomatal conductance in rice leaves and panicles responds differently to abscisic acid and soil drought.

Improvement of photosynthesis in non-foliar green tissues is beneficial for enhancing crop yield. Recently, we have demonstrated that panicle stomatal conductance is a major limiting factor for photosynthesis. However, mechanisms underlying the responses of panicle stomatal conductance (gs,panicle) and photosynthesis (Apanicle) to environmental stimuli remain unknown. In the present study, the responses of gs,panicle and leaf stomatal conductance (gs,leaf) to exogenous application of abscisic acid and step-changes in vapor pressure deficit were investigated at the anthesis stage in pot-grown rice plants. Furthermore, the effects of drought on Apanicle and leaf photosynthesis (Aleaf) were examined. Smearing and xylem feeding of abscisic acid significantly decreased gs,leaf. In contrast, while smearing of abscisic acid substantially increased gs,panicle, its xylem feeding dramatically decreased gs,panicle. In addition, both gs,leaf and gs,panicle effectively responded to step changes in vapor pressure deficit. Furthermore, both Aleaf and Apanicle were sensitive to plant dehydration; however, given the lower sensitivity of panicle water potential than leaf water potential to drought, Apanicle was less sensitive to soil drought than Aleaf. These findings indicate that gs,panicle is hydropassively regulated, while panicle photosynthesis is less sensitive to drought.

Evaluation of larviculture protocols for the Pacific blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)

Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish is an important tool that may help to provide sustainable alternatives to wild caught individuals. Many challenges are associated with marine ornamental aquaculture, especially during the larviculture process. Newly hatched marine larvae are often underdeveloped at hatch and require specific nutritional and environmental parameters for successful morphogenesis and ultimate metamorphosis into the juvenile stage. The Pacific blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus) is a promising candidate for ornamental aquaculture due to its popularity in the aquarium trade and prior captive breeding success. However, improvements in culture methodologies, especially environmental and nutritional factors, is critical to viable commercial production. Seven experiments were conducted to determine appropriate green water culture conditions, photoperiod, and feeding protocols that best promoted survival, growth, and ingestion rate in early-stage P. hepatus larvae. Larval survival and feeding incidence were significantly increased when live microalgae was added to the culture system. The survival and feeding incidence of 3 days post hatch (DPH) P. hepatus larvae was greatest when the algae species Tisochrysis lutea was incorporated at a density of 300,000 cells/mL. The feeding incidence of 3 DPH larvae was not affected by prey type or prey density. When free amino acid feeding stimulants were added to the culture water, neither larval survival nor feeding incidence were improved. Lastly, the photoperiod that best promoted larval growth and survival was 16-h light: 8-h dark. Together, these results provide for improved larval survival in aquaculture and help move P. hepatus towards viable commercial production.

Effect of in ovo feeding of folic acid on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gga-miR-190a-3p expression in the developing cerebral cortex of chickens

Folate plays important role in biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and is therefore crucial for DNA synthesis and neurogenesis in fetal brains. Many genes comprising brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and miRNAs have been shown to play important role in brain development. Gga-miR-190a-3p targets many genes including BDNF. The aim of this project was to study the effects of in ovo administration of folic acid (FA) on BDNF and gga-miR-190a-3p expression in the cerebral cortex of chick embryo. A total number of 120 hatching eggs with the correct shape and weight were used in this experiment. Forty eggs was injected by FA into the yolk sac at a dose of 150-μg per egg, 40 eggs by PBS (SHAM) on embryonic day 11 and 40 eggs were left without injection as controls. Then the cerebral cortex was collected on E19 and BDNF and gga-miR-190a-3p expression was studied using Real time PCR. The results showed that BDNF expression in the cortex of FA treated, SHAM and controls were 2.06 ± 0.29, 1.12 ± 0.12 and 1.02 ± 0.21 fold changes, respectively and for gga-miR-190a-3p were 0.72 ± 0.08, 0.95 ± 0.09 and 1.007 ± 0.12 fold change, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant increase in BDNF expression and decreased gga-miR-190a-3p expression in FA injected cerebral cortex as compared either with SHAM or controls. Although, no significant change in BDNF and gga-miR-190a-3p expression were observed between SHAM and controls. It is concluded that in ovo administration of FA increases BDNF and decreases gga-miR-190a-3p expression in the developing chick cerebral cortex.

Experimental Test of a Process Upset in the EURO-GANEX Process and Spectroscopic Study of the Product

ABSTRACT EURO-GANEX is an innovative hydrometallurgical process for the group separation of transuranic actinides from future spent nuclear fuels. A flowsheet test of a process upset (or ‘maloperation’) has been carried out involving the reduction in the concentration of the scrub acid feed to the extract-scrub contactors. The experimental test was completed in two stages. First, the extract-scrub contactors were run under normal flowsheet conditions before initiating the process upset by reducing the scrub acidity from 0.5 to 0.05 mol/L HNO3. At low acidity, a change in the online UV-Vis spectra of the solvent phase indicated the formation of hydrolyzed plutonium species or plutonium colloid formation. Surprisingly, however, this did not lead to the recycle and accumulation of plutonium in the extract-scrub contactors as expected indicating that the EURO-GANEX process is quite robust towards this process upset. Further spectroscopic investigations of the organic-phase species were also performed to characterize the conditions under which the hydrolyzed plutonium species form in the EURO-GANEX solvent as well as separate TODGA and DMDOHEMA phases. The spectroscopic studies supported the view that Pu(IV) hydrolyses at low acidity but the hydrolysis is limited by the organic ligands and is consequently reversible on raising the acidity again. The hydrolysis was also observed in separate TODGA and DMDOHEMA phases.

Development of a 5-aminolevulinic acid feeding strategy capable of enhancing Haematococcus pluvialis biomass, astaxanthin, and fatty acid yields

Effective inducers play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. Here, a novel 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) feeding strategy was developed and found to enhance H. pluvialis biomass, fatty acid, and astaxanthin yields. Specifically, 5-ALA feeding (4 μM) on day 1 caused respective 23.8 %, 24.8 %, and 20.3 % increases in biomass, fatty acid, and astaxanthin yields. The observed enhancement of biomass accumulation associated with the provision of 5-ALA during the early stages of growth was attributable to enhanced photosynthetic carbon assimilation. This increased biomass accumulation, in turn, contributed to the measured increases in both fatty acid and astaxanthin yields. Overall, these results provide new insight into the importance of photosynthetic carbon assimilation as a determinant of biomass accumulation and a regulator of both fatty acid and astaxanthin production, while offering an effective strategy capable of accelerating astaxanthin production by H. pluvialis in commercial agricultural contexts.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Production from Residual Glycerol by Wild Type Cupriavidus necator

PurposeThe main objective of the present study is to assess and improve fermentation conditions to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), such as the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), from renewable and inexpensive industrial waste by wild type Cupriavidus necator.MethodsUntreated residual glycerol, a byproduct generated by biodiesel industry, was used as the main carbon source by wild type C. necator. The bacterial adaptation stage, the glycerol concentration and other medium components were adjusted to enhance the PHB production. Fed batch fermentation with a pulse feeding strategy of propionic acid solution was employed for PHBV production.ResultsC. necator, previously adapted to glycerol utilization, was able to accumulate PHB up to 4.1 g/l under optimal substrate concentration conditions. The bacterium could also synthesize up to 3.4 g/l PHBV, with a mole fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) up to 12% by fed-batch fermentation with a pulsed propionic acid feed strategy.ConclusionThis is the first report on the use of residual glycerol as ideal feedstock for PHA production by wild type C. necator strain.Graphical Abstract

Bioconversion of cellulose into bisabolene using Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Rhodosporidium toruloides

In this study, organic acids were demonstrated as a promising carbon source for bisabolene production by the non-conventional yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, at microscale with a maximum titre of 1055 ± 7 mg/L. A 125-fold scale-up of the optimal process, enhanced bisabolene titres 2.5-fold to 2606 mg/L. Implementation of a pH controlled organic acid feeding strategy at this scale lead to a further threefold improvement in bisabolene titre to 7758 mg/L, the highest reported microbial titre. Finally, a proof-of-concept sequential bioreactor approach was investigated. Firstly, the cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens was employed to ferment cellulose, yielding 4.2 g/L of organic acids. R. toruloides was subsequently cultivated in the resulting supernatant, producing 318 ± 22 mg/L of bisabolene. This highlights the feasibility of a sequential bioprocess for the bioconversion of cellulose, into biojet fuel candidates. Future work will focus on enhancing organic acid yields and the use of real lignocellulosic feedstocks to further enhance bisabolene production.

Effectiveness of different protein sources and lysine levels in diets for broiler chickens

The article highlights current data on the biological role of the most crucial feed nutrients - protein and lysine in the feeding of broiler chickens and their particular importance in the vital activity of the bird's body. A description of the value and quality of the main types of compound feed for poultry, recipes of compound feed with different protein and lysine content for specific age groups of broiler chickens, and practical advice on the peculiarities of feeding and rearing of poultry are given. Current brief information on amino acid feed additives and general features of more rational and practical use of various protein feed of both vegetable and animal origin in poultry feeding of meat crosses – grains of cereal crops, processed products of oil crops – soy, sunflower, and many other components are provided. Theoretically and experimentally, the expediency of using different essential feed protein sources, differing in amino acid composition and bioavailability, in poultry feeding rations has been substantiated. In particular, the main principles of adequate feeding of broilers with compound feed with an increased level of crude protein of vegetable origin and a lower level of animal protein are described. Brief information on the effectiveness of safe levels of lysine of synthetic origin in the diet based on a variety of local feeds when growing broiler chickens in the conditions of a poultry farm in the western region are presented. It was established that compound feed with a significantly increased protein content of various origins – 24 %, 22 % and 20 % – positively affects broiler chickens' productivity. The highest level of productivity was noted for the lysine content in broilers' compound feed in the first growing period – 1,22 %, in the second – 1,14 % and in the third – 1,09 %. The high quality, nutritional value, and beneficial effects of amino acid premixes are directly influenced by the available feed raw materials, mainly of vegetable origin, used for the production of compound feed in the conditions of a broiler poultry farm, the uniformity of mixing with the appropriate quality feed and the optimal dosage of amino acids in each portion of the feed mixture.

Water-bonding tubular membrane used in a 3D-printing dialyzer for diffusion dialysis

Tubular membrane used in diffusion dialysis (DD) is operated easily in simple structure with light weight. Nevertheless, some defects, including leakage, low membrane area and low packing density, still restrict the DD performances. Herein, inspired from bionic aspect, a water-bonding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) tubular membrane is prepared, and then used in a 3D-printing dialyzer for a DD process. The tubular membrane shows a long length of 195 cm, and a satisfying tensile strength of 16.8 MPa and elongation at break of 306%. The 3D-printing dialyzer provides the tubular membrane with a smooth flowing channel, which is used to separate H2SO4/FeSO4 solution through batch and semi-continuous DD processes. Batch DD process shows an improved acid recovery ratio (RH) of 70.7% with the Fe2+ rejection ratio (ηFe) of 87.9% after 4 h. As for the semi-continuous DD process, the RH of 91.2% and ηFe of 86.1% can be obtained when the acid feed is flowing in the tubular membrane at 96 mL h−1. In addition, acid of 1.0 mol L−1 can be continuously (>10 h) recovered when the water is flowing at 196 mL h−1. Hence, long tubular membrane cooperated with the 3D-printing dialyzer can be potentially used in DD process to replace the traditional flat membrane dialyzers.

Effects of furanic compounds from biomass pyrolysis on ketonization reaction: The role of oxygenated side groups

Ketonization of biomass-derived oxygenates is promising for sustainable production of platform chemicals, but the catalyst activity will be severely inhibited by furanic compounds. To investigate the mechanism of the inhibition effect, furanic compounds with different side functional groups were chosen for co-ketonization with propanoic acid over CeO2. Results from 12 h continuous reaction showed that conversion of propanoic acid changed slightly when furan was co-fed with propanoic acid, while decreased significantly from 100 % for sole propanoic acid feeding to <55 % when co-feeding with furfural and furfuralcohol. Therefore, the inhibition ability followed the order of furfural ≈ furfuralcohol ≫ furan, which agreed well with the coke yield on the spent catalysts (51 %, 47 %, and 22 %, respectively). DFT calculation indicated that furfural and furfuralcohol, with the adsorption energy of 17–19 kJ·mol−1, were much easier to adsorb on the catalyst than furan (11 kJ·mol−1). However, the lack of α-H of these furanic compounds led to their conversion into aromatic coke components. It is evidenced that the oxygenated side groups, rather than the furan ring, are responsible for the inhibition effect. Successive ketonization-combustion-ketonization tests revealed that simple air calcination can hardly recover the activity of the spent CeO2. This investigation gives new insights into the inhibitory impact of furans on the ketonization activity.

Stability of composite polymeric beads containing a calix[4]arene-mono-crown-6 ligand for radio-cesium separation

Bis-octyloxy-calix[4]arene-mono-crown-6 (BOCMC) is a selective ligand for Cs(I) cation, and has been used in solvent extraction method for its separation from acidic feed. Looking at the various advantages and ease of extraction chromatography separation method, an attempt was made to prepare stable composite beads containing BOCMC entrapped in a suitable polymeric matrix. Therefore, an attempt was made to prepare a series of composite polymeric beads containing BOCMC in polysulfone (PS), polyether sulfone (PES) and sodium alginate polymeric matrix. Preparations of the beads were attempted by dissolving the solid BOCMC in the polymer solution, and also by using the ligand solution in isodecanol/dodecane and ionic liquids and then mixing in the polymeric solution. Every attempt failed to get the desired quality of beads in PES and sodium alginate matrix. However, very good quality and stable beads were obtained when 25 mM ligand solution dissolved in C8mim.Tf2N ionic liquid was used in PS matrix. Detail study for the extraction chromatography separation of Cs(I) was studied with BOCMC/C8mim.Tf2N/PS composite beads. Detail investigations on the preparation, characterization, reusability and radiation stability of these beads have been studied and reported in details.

Impact of embryonic manipulations on core body temperature dynamics and survival in broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress

Ambient temperature-associated stress has been shown to affect the normal physiological functions of birds. The recent literature indicated that both, embryonic thermal manipulation (ETM) and in ovo feeding (IOF) of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress (HS) in young broiler chicks. Therefore, this study intended to assess the effects of cyclic HS (32 ± 1 °C, 4 h/day from day 29 to 35) on rectal temperatures (RTs) and survival in broiler chickens after ETM and in IOF of GABA. A total of 275 RT data points and survival data were collected from chicks assigned to the following five treatments: chicks hatched from control eggs (CON); chicks hatched from control eggs but exposed to HS (CON + HS); chicks hatched from eggs injected at 17.5 days of incubation with 0.6 mL of 10% GABA and exposed to HS (G10 + HS); chicks hatched from thermally manipulated eggs (39.6 °C, 6 h/day from embryonic days 10 to 18) and exposed to HS (TM + HS); chicks hatched from eggs that received both previous treatments during incubation and exposed to HS (G10 + TM + HS). Under thermoneutral conditions, RTs increased quadratically from 39.9 ± 0.2 °C at hatching to 41.4 ± 0.1 °C at 8 days of age. When exposed to cyclic HS during the last week of rearing, the birds’ RTs tended to decrease at the end of the heat stress challenge (from 43.0 ± 0.2 °C on day 29 to 42.4 ± 0.1 °C on day 35). A stepwise Cox regression indicated that treatment was predictive of birds’ survival. Hazard ratios (HR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the likelihood of death during the trial. The birds, belonging to the G10 + TM + HS group, were less likely to die under HS (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.91, P = 0.041) compared to the CON + HS birds. Taken together, the combination of ETM and GABA IOF may help mitigate the drawbacks of cyclic HS by improving the survival of broilers.

Effects of Mannanase Supplementation and Citric Acid on the Growth Performance of Broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of citric acid and mannanase feed supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred twenty day-old unsexed Cobb broiler chicks from a commercial hatchery plant were used in the study. The chicks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups following a completely randomized design. The following treatment groups were used: T1: Control, T2: 3% (w/w) Citric Acid supplementation, T3: 80 ppm β-Mannanase supplementation, and T4: 3% (w/w) Citric Acid and 80 ppm β-Mannanase supplementation. The supplementation of citric acid and mannanase significantly improves the growth performance of broiler chickens. Body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher (P&amp;lt;0.05) in the citric acid and β-mannanase combination group compared to all the treatment groups. The evaluation of feed intake revealed that T3 and T4 had significantly lower (P&amp;lt;0.05) feed intake than the other groups. The combination of citric acid and β-Mannanase also resulted in a significantly more efficient (P&amp;lt;0.05) feed conversion ratio. No mortality was observed during the experiment. It may be concluded that the supplementation of citric acid and β- mannanase resulted in a better performance in broilers.

Synthesis and application of chloroacetamides in pyridinium based ionic liquid for high temperature extraction of uranyl ion: A novel and 'green' approach for extractive mass transfer at elevated temperature

Two different chloroacetamides viz 2-chloro-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide (MACA) and 2-chloro-N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetamide (AMPCA) have been synthesized and applied for the extraction of uranyl ions from acidic feed. 1-Ethyl-2-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (IL) has been used at elevated temperature for liquid–liquid biphasic mass transfer. An effort has also been made to study the mechanism of extraction, kinetics, thermodynamics, speciation, radiolytic stability and elution behavior of UO22+. The investigation revealed the predominance of ‘cation exchange’ mechanism. The D values in 2-chloro-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide (MACA) were found to be more than that of 2-chloro-N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetamide (AMPCA). The species were found to be[(UO2(NO3)(MACA)2]+ and [(UO2(NO3)(AMPCA)2]+. Back extraction studies using aqueous solution of oxalic acid and sodium carbonate revealed that, the stripping of uranyl ion from AMPCA in ionic liquid was better than that of MACA. However, MACA exhibited better radiolytic stability as compared to AMPCA in ionic liquid. To understand the complexation of UO22+ with MACA and AMPCA, theoretical calculations were carried out.

Lipidome analysis and characterization of Buglossoides arvensis acyltransferases that incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acids into triacylglycerols

Buglossoides arvensis is a burgeoning oilseed crop that contains an unique combination of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), constituting ~80–85% of seed triacylglycerols (TAGs). To uncover the critical TAG biosynthetic pathways contributing for high PUFA accumulation, we performed lipidome of developing seeds and characterized acyltransferases involved in the final step of TAG biosynthesis. During seed development, distribution of lipid molecular species in individual lipid classes showed distinct patterns from an early-stage (6 days after flowering (DAF)) to the middle-stage (12 and 18 DAF) of oil biosynthesis. PUFA-containing TAG species drastically increased from 6 to 12 DAF. The expression profiles of key triacylglycerol biosynthesis genes and patterns of phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol molecular species during seed development were used to predict the contribution of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT1 and PDAT2) to PUFA-rich TAG biosynthesis. Our analysis suggests that DGATs play a crucial role in enriching TAGs with PUFA compared to PDATs. This was further confirmed by fatty acid feeding studies in yeast expressing acyltransferases. BaDGAT2 preferentially incorporated high amounts of PUFAs into TAG, compared to BaDGAT1. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of TAG accumulation in this plant and identify target genes for transgenic production of SDA in traditional oilseed crops.

Integrative network analysis revealed the molecular function of folic acid on immunological enhancement in a sheep model.

We previously observed the beneficial role of folic acid supplemented from maternal or offspring diet on lamb growth performance and immunity. Twenty-four Hu lambs from four groups (mother received folic acid or not, offspring received folic acid or not) were used in the current study, which was conducted consecutively to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of folic acid in lambs by analyzing blood metabolome, liver transcriptome, and muscle transcriptome. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that L-homocitrulline, hyodeoxycholic acid, 9-Hpode, palmitaldehyde, N-oleoyl glycine, hexadecanedioic acid, xylose, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, nicotinamide, acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine, N6-succinyl adenosine, 11-cis-retinol, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and 2-acetylfuran were down-regulated and methylisobutyrate was up-regulated by the feeding of folic acid from maternal and/or offspring diets. Meanwhile, folic acid increased the abundances of S100A12 and IRF6 but decreased TMEM25 in the liver. In the muscle, RBBP9, CALCR, PPP1R3D, UCP3, FBXL4, CMBL, and MTFR2 were up-regulated, CYP26B1 and MYH9 were down-regulated by the feeding of folic acid. The pathways of bile secretion, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and herpes simplex virus 1 infection were changed by folic acid in blood, liver, or muscle. Further integrated analysis revealed potential interactions among the liver, blood, and muscle, and the circulating metabolites, hub gene, and pathways, which might be the predominant acting targets of folic acid in animals. These findings provide fundamental information on the beneficial function of folic acid no matter from maternal or offspring, in regulating animal lipid metabolism and immune enhancement, providing a theoretical basis for the use of folic acid from the view of animal health care.

Selective separation of light rare-earth elements by supramolecular encapsulation and precipitation

Supramolecular chemical strategies for Rare Earth (RE) element separations are emerging which amplify the small changes in properties across the series to bias selectivity in extraction or precipitation. These advances are important as the REs are crucial to modern technologies yet their extraction, separation, and recycling using conventional techniques remain challenging. We report here a pre-organised triamidoarene platform which, under acidic, biphasic conditions, uniquely and selectively precipitates light RE nitratometalates as supramolecular capsules. The capsules exhibit both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds that dictate selectivity, promote precipitation, and facilitate the straightforward release of the RE and recycling of the receptor. This work provides a self-assembly route to metal separations that exploits size and shape complementarity and has the potential to integrate into conventional processes due to its compatibility with acidic metal feed streams.

Embryonic manipulations modulate differential expressions of heat shock protein, fatty acid metabolism, and antioxidant-related genes in the liver of heat-stressed broilers.

In this study, the effects of in ovo feeding of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) on plasma biochemical parameters, organ weights, and hepatic gene expression in broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (32 ± 1°C for 8 days) (HS) were investigated. A total of 175 chicks were assigned to five treatments: chicks hatched from control eggs (CON); chicks hatched from control eggs but exposed to HS (CON+HS); chicks hatched from eggs injected at 17.5 days of incubation with 0.6mL of 10% GABA and exposed to HS (G10+HS); chicks hatched from thermally manipulated eggs (39.6°C, 6h/d from embryonic days 10 to 18) and exposed to HS (TM+HS); chicks hatched from eggs that received both previous treatments during incubation and exposed to HS (G10+TM+HS). Results revealed that on day 36 post-hatch, hepatic NADPH oxidase 1 (P = 0.034) and 4 (P = 0.021) genes were downregulated in the TM+HS and G10+TM+HS compared to the CON+HS group. In addition, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene expression was reduced (P = 0.002) in the G10+TM group, gene expression of extracellular fatty acid-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ was lower (P = 0.045) in the TM+HS group than in the CON+HS group. HS led to higher gene expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and 90 (HSP90) (P = 0.005, and P = 0.022). On the other hand, the TM+HS group exhibited lower expression of both HSP70 (P = 0.031) and HSP90 (P = 0.043) whereas the G10+TM+HS group had a reduced (P = 0.016) HSP90 expression compared to the CON+HS. MANOVA on different gene sets highlighted an overall lower (P = 0.034) oxidative stress and lower (P = 0.035) heat shock protein expression in the G10+TM+HS group compared to the CON+HS group. Taken together, the current results suggest that the combination of in ovo feeding of GABA with TM can modulate HSPs and antioxidant-related gene expression in heat-stressed broilers.

Effect of Source and Duration of Protected Fatty Acids Feeding, on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Metabolites in Fattening Lambs

Effect of Source and Duration of Protected Fatty Acids Feeding, on Production Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Metabolites in Fattening Lambs

Longevity-enhancing Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Feeding on Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) after Exposure to Some Pesticides Used in Strawberry Greenhouse

Bee pollination plays important roles in increasing the yield, weight, and quality of strawberries grown in greenhouses. Use of pesticides is often included in the pest management strategy to control insects, fungi and weeds. However, these pesticides can negatively affect bees, compromising greenhouse pollination programs. In this study, we investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) feeding on the longevity of honey bees after oral and contact exposure of bees to some selected 14 different pesticides and G-3KM (commercial product) was used as a positive control. Among the 14 pesticides tested, six were found to be highly toxic to honey bee workers as indicated by their 48h-LD50 (㎍/bee) values obtained from oral and spray bioassays; thiamethoxam (0.0002/0.0011), dinotefuran (0.005/0.018), emamectin benzoate (0.002/0.0002), spinetoram (0.018/0.001), sulfoxaflor (0.04/0.01), and cyantraniliprole (0.1/0.03), respectively. It was interesting to note that RA and G-3KM-supplemented feeding reduced honey bees mortality by 20-30% after they were exposed to high concentrations of the 6 highly toxic pesticides. The results indicate that RA could be used effectively in reducing honey bee mortality caused by pesticides.