Acid Solutions Of Different Concentrations Research Articles

In situ detection of spatial distribution information of temperature-pH-strain of sandstone cultural relics

To monitor in situ the temperature, pH, and micro-strain change information of sandstone artifacts in the process of oxalic acid corrosion, the temperature, pH, and micro-strain fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are developed. A theoretical model of the sensors is established. The surface morphology, material composition, pore structure, temperature, pH, and micro-strain of sandstone corroded by oxalic acid solutions of different concentrations are investigated. The experimental results show that the higher the concentration of oxalic acid, the stronger the corrosiveness of the sandstone. Ferrous oxalate and calcium oxalate produced by corrosion continuously precipitate from the inside of the rock, and the dual reaction of crystallization and dissolution occurs, reducing the proportion of fine pores in the rock pore suction and gravity. The oxalic acid solution is transported to the middle of the sandstone (3 cm) and undergoes the strongest chemical reaction with ore particles and debris, resulting in the maximum wavelength drift of the temperature, pH, and micro-strain sensors. The results of this study provide important support for analyzing the acid dissolution mechanism of stone cultural relics and the preventive protection of cultural relics.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2/SnS Nanocomposites by Eco-Friendly Methods

The acid etching mechanism of FTO film using zinc powders has been explored, and sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations were tested as etching agents. Compact and mesoporous films of titanium dioxide were prepared by spin-coating and doctor blade techniques on FTO glass. Tin sulfide films were formed through a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process using different numbers of deposition cycles, and TiO2/SnS nanocomposites were synthesized. The thin films and the prepared composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. In this study, the principal characteristics of deposited tin sulfide films on two different types of TiO2 films are shown.

Synthesis under Normal Conditions and Morphology and Composition of AlF3 Nanowires.

AlF3 has interesting electrophysical properties, due to which the material is promising for applications in supercapacitors, UV coatings with low refractive index, excimer laser mirrors, and photolithography. The formation of AlF3-based nano- and micro-wires can bring new functionalities to AlF3 material. AlF3 nanowires are used, for example, in functionally modified microprobes for a scanning probe microscope. In this work, we investigate the AlF3 samples obtained by the reaction of initial aluminum with an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution of different concentrations. The peculiarity of our work is that the presented method for the synthesis of AlF3 and one-dimensional structures based on AlF3 is simple to perform and does not require any additional precursors or costs related to the additional source materials. All the samples were obtained under normal conditions. The morphology of the nanowire samples is studied using scanning electron microscopy. We performed an intermediate atomic force microscope analysis of dissolved Al samples to analyze the reactions occurring on the metal surface. The surface of the obtained samples was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. During the analysis, it was found that under the given conditions, whiskers were synthesized. The scale of one-dimensional structures varies depending on the given parameters in the system. Quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectra are obtained and analyzed with respect to the feedstock and each other.

Membrane assisted transport of thorium (IV) across bulk liquid membrane containing DEHPA as ion carrier: kinetic, mechanism and thermodynamic studies

Abstract Extraction and carrier mediated transport of thorium (IV) ions through bulk liquid membrane containing di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in kerosene as metal ion carrier. The feed comprised of thorium (IV) ions solutions containing various concentrations of hydrochloric acid, while sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations are used as a stripping agent. Various parameters about thorium (IV) ion extraction and transport were investigated: the feed solution acidity, initial metal ions aqueous solution concentration, carrier concentration and stripping agent concentration. More than 85% thorium (IV) is recovered in 960 min using 0.2 M DEHPA/kerosene as carrier and 1.5 M H2SO4 as stripping agent from the 0.0001 M HCl solution containing 50 mg L−1 thorium (IV) as feed. Assuming a consecutive, irreversible extraction and back-extraction (stripping) reactions a simple kinetic model was proposed for estimating the reaction rate constant or reaction rate coefficient under the investigated experimental conditions. The activation energy values of extraction and back-extraction reactions were calculated to be 29.94 kJ mol−1 and 20.55 kJ mol−1, respectively, which indicates that the extraction process was controlled by the mixed regime (both kinetic and diffusion), and the back-extraction process was mainly controlled by diffusion process.

Sulfamic acid is an environment-friendly alternative electrolyte for industrial acid cleaning and corrosion inhibition: a mini review

Abstract Sulfamic acid (H3NSO3), which is also known as amino sulfuric acid, sulfamidic acid, amidosulfonic acid, and aminosulfonic acid, is an industrially useful water-soluble colorless crystalline solid. Sulfamic acid solutions of different concentrations are widely used for the removal of scales and metal oxides deposits from the surface of metals and ceramics. Sulfamic acid solutions (5–10%) serve as alternative electrolytes for the removal of rusts and lime scales to replace relatively more irritating and volatile hydrochloric and sulfuric acid-based electrolytes. Sulfamic acid solutions can be regarded as relatively more environmentally friendly and less toxic electrolytes for the cleaning of metallic surfaces. However, similar to the popular acidic solutions, sulfamic acid based electrolytes are corrosive to metal and metallic structures. Therefore, organic compounds based corrosion inhibitors of natural and synthetic origin are widely used to prevent corrosive damage of metallic surfaces in such electrolytes. These compounds become effective by adsorbing on the metallic surface following through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Using electrochemical analyses it was observed that organic corrosion inhibitors in sulfamic acid based electrolytes behave as mixed- and interface-type corrosion inhibitors and they become effective by adsorbing at the metal/electrolyte interfaces. The adsorption of most of the corrosion inhibitors mostly follows physiochemisorption mechanism.

Increase in Plant Survival in the Processes of Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils of the Permafrost Zone

Oil and oil products are among the most common soil contaminants. The phytoremediation method is widely used to restore oil-contaminated soils. Permafrost conditions are an additional stress factor for plant growth. The experimental results showed that the dependences of the physiological characteristics of plants on the amount of added oil are nonlinear, which indicates the adaptive nature of these changes. Small amounts of oil (0.16-0.25%) even stimulate plant growth. However, oil additions in excess of 0.82% already inhibit plant growth. The study of increasing plant survival in permafrost soils in a toxic environment (oil pollution) showed that positive results had been achieved by soaking seeds in solutions of biologically active substances. Seed soaking increased the resistance of plants even at the stage of seed treatment, which contributes to their survival in a toxic oil-polluted environment. For example, it is possible to recommend a sowing of Vicia sativa seeds that have been pre-treated by soaking in salicylic acid solutions of different concentrations or humate for increase the effectiveness of measures to clean up areas from oil pollution.

Improvement of Cemented Gangue Backfill Material with Barium Hydroxide in Acid Mine Water

As a kind of green concrete, the mechanical properties and durability of cemented gangue backfill material (CGBM) will be affected if they are in acid mine water with sulfate ions in the long term. To improve the performance of CGBM in acid mine water with sulfate ions, CGBM specimens with different doses of barium hydroxide were immersed in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations for 270 days. The changes of mass, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and compressive strength of the specimens at different ages were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the specimens. The results show that incorporation of barium hydroxide into CGBM specimen can promote the formation of barium sulfate precipitation and inhibit the generation of corrosion products such as ettringite. Meanwhile, barium sulfate precipitation blocks the pore channel invaded by sulfuric acid solution, delaying the progress of corrosion reaction and making the interior of CGBM specimen more complete. And the specimen with 2.0 kg/m3 barium hydroxide was more effective in improving performance. This study provides a basis for the ratio design of CGBM in acid mine water with sulfate ions.

Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

AbstractThe production of biodiesel has increased globally during the last decade to overcome the problems of increasing prices of petro‐diesel and the depletion of fossil fuels. The present study aimed to utilize agro‐waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. Waste sugarcane bagasse was converted into biochar through partial carbonization and activated via sulfonation by using acid solutions of different concentration i.e., 1M, 3M, 5M and concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180 °C for 5 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. The prepared catalyst exhibited an excellent surface area of 20.78 m2 g–1 and a total acid density of 3.94 mmol g–1. The biodiesel production process was optimized by varying reaction temperature from (40–70 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1–20:1), catalyst loading (1–7 wt.%) and reaction time (5–25 min) by using a microwave reactor. The maximum conversion of 95.45% and yield of 92.12% was obtained under optimum conditions: catalyst loading 5 wt%, methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio (15:1), temperature (60 °C) after 15 min. The results of the experiments were validated by using response surface methodology, which validated the predicted model. The kinetic study of experiments showed that the use of sulfonated catalysts lowered the activation energy (10.5 kJ mol–1) and reactants attained an equilibrium point after a short interval under microwave heating. Reusability of catalyst up to seven cycles with 77.34% yield of biodiesel using low‐grade feedstock showed that the catalyst is stable and can be used for sustainable biodiesel production. The utilization of wastes for catalyst synthesis and for biodiesel production can help to minimize the overall production cost of biodiesel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

酚酸物质对红松种子萌发及苗木生长和生理特性的影响

通过室内模拟试验，阐明阔叶红松林中已测得含量较高的3种酚酸物质（苯甲酸、丁香酸和香草酸）对红松种子萌发及苗木生长的影响，为探索阔叶红松林内化感作用机理及解决红松更新障碍问题提供科学依据。采用培养皿培养法及室内盆栽培养法，以红松种子和3年生红松苗为试验对象，设置不同浓度（2、20、200 mg/L）苯甲酸、丁香酸、香草酸处理液，以蒸馏水为对照（CK），进行红松种子萌发试验及红松苗木生长试验，研究3种酚酸物质对红松种子发芽、苗木生长、光合色素、抗氧化酶活性、膜脂过氧化作用及渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明，（1）不同浓度3种酚酸均抑制红松种子萌发，但酚酸浓度变化仅对红松种子发芽率影响差异显著。（2）3种酚酸对红松苗木生长及物质积累抑制作用显著。浓度变化对红松苗株高及地径影响不显著，对生物量、根干重和茎干重影响显著。（3）针叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量变化对酚酸处理反应一致，20 mg/L的3种酚酸均显著抑制光合色素产生，而200 mg/L丁香酸溶液及2 mg/L香草酸溶液均显著促进叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素积累。（4）酚酸处理使红松苗针叶中POD、CAT活性降低，SOD活性增加。针叶中MDA含量显著增加，200 mg/L丁香酸溶液处理组针叶MDA含量高于CK处理组70.51%。（5）不同浓度苯甲酸溶液促进可溶性糖增加，抑制可溶性蛋白增加；不同浓度丁香酸溶液促进可溶性蛋白增加，而不同浓度香草酸溶液抑制可溶性蛋白增加，二者对可溶性糖含量影响受浓度变化影响显著。苯甲酸、丁香酸、香草酸影响红松种子萌发，通过对红松苗光合色素、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质的影响导致其生长受抑制、生物量减少，产生膜脂过氧化伤害。因此，解决阔叶红松林内红松更新障碍问题时，凋落物及土壤中酚酸物质的化感作用不容忽视。;Through the relevant indoor simulation experiments, this research aims to clarify the effects of three phenolic acids (benzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) with high content in broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus koraiensis, so as to provide scientific basis for exploring the allelopathy mechanism of broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest and solving the problem of regeneration obstacle of Pinus koraiensis. The experiment adopts petri dish culture method and the indoor potted culture method. The Pinus koraiensis seeds and triennial Pinus koraiensis seedlings as experimental object were treated with different concentrations (2, 20, and 200 mg/L) of benzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid solution, and distilled water was used as control. The germination experiment of Pinus koraiensis seed and the Pinus koraiensis seedling growth test were carried out to study the effects of three phenolic acids on germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic pigment, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane lipid peroxidation, and osmoregulation substances of Pinus koraiensis seeds. The results show that: (1) all the three phenolic acids with different concentrations had the effects of inhibiting germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds, but the change of phenolic acid concentration only had a significant difference in the germination rate of Pinus koraiensis seeds. (2) The three phenolic acids had significant inhibitory effects on the growth and substance accumulation of Pinus koraiensis seedlings. Phenolic acid concentration had no significant effect on plant height and root length, but had significant effect on biomass, root weight and stem weight. (3) The changes in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in needles had same reaction to the phenolic acid treatment. All the three phenolic acids of 20 mg/L had significant inhibition on the production of photosynthetic pigments, while the syringic acid solution of 200 mg/L and the vanillic acid solution of 2 mg/L had significant effects on promoting the accumulation of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. (4) Phenolic acid treatment reduced the activity of peroxidase and catalase and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. The content of malondialdehyde in needles was significantly increased, while the content of MDA in needles treated with 200 mg/L syringic acid group was 70.51% higher than that in control group. (5) Benzoic acid solutions of different concentrations could promote the increase of soluble sugar and inhibit the increase of soluble protein. Different concentrations of syringic acid could promote the increase of soluble protein, while different concentrations of vanillic acid could inhibit the increase of soluble protein. The concentration changes of both had a significant influence on the change of soluble sugar content. Benzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid affected the germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds, which led to growth inhibition, biomass reduction and membrane lipid peroxidation of Pinus koraiensis seedlings by affecting photosynthetic pigment, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulation substances. Therefore, allelopathy of phenolic acids in litter and soil should not be ignored when solving the problem of Pinus koraiensis regeneration in broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forests.

Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of lead dioxide in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions by using the in situ EQCM technique

The charge-discharge characteristics and the aging mechanism of PbO2 layers in contact with sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations (1.5–5.0 M) were studied by using combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques. For this purpose, thick lead dioxide layers were electrodeposited on gold substrate from aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved in nitric acid. Based on the electrochemical and the mass change responses, it was found that in more concentrated solutions of H2SO4, the main reduction reaction was the transformation of lead dioxide to lead sulfate. However, in less concentrated sulfuric acid media, the transformation of lead dioxide to lead(II) ion became the main reaction. These Pb2+ ions transformed into lead sulfate crystals later by a chemical reaction. Because the electrochemical oxidation of lead sulfate is less favourable in sulfuric acid medium of higher concentrations, thus, PbO2 layers cannot be tested by continuous cyclization, which is necessary to study their aging parameters. Therefore, a delay step before each cyclic voltammogram was applied while the non-conductive lead sulfate dissolves or alternatively, by applying a pre-oxidation step prior to each cyclic voltammetry experiment to produce electrochemically significant amount of lead dioxide which can be reduced during the following negative potential sweep.

Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity of Cotton Fabric Modified with Oxalic Acid and CuO/Cu2O Nanoparticles

This study discusses the possibility of fabrication of textile nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity against antibiotics-resistant bacterial strains and yeast. Modification of cotton fabric with oxalic acid solutions of different concentrations provided free carboxyl groups for binding of Cu2+ -ions from copper (II) sulfate solution which were further reduced with sodium borohydride in alkaline solution. An increase in the concentration of applied oxalic acid resulted in larger amounts of free carboxyl groups on the cotton fibers, Cu2+ -ions uptake and total amounts of Cu-based nanoparticles after reduction. XPS and XRD analyses suggested that nanoparticles mainly consisted of CuO with fractions of Cu2O. Fabricated textile nanocomposites ensured maximum reduction of Gram-negative E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli NCTC 13846, E. coli ATCC BAA-2469, K. pneumoniae ATCC-BAA 2146 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 43300 and yeast C. albicans ATCC 24433. Additionally, controlled release of Cu2+ -ions from fabrics into the physiological saline solution was obtained within 24 hours.

Concrete degradation mechanisms by sulfuric acid attack

Concrete degradation may occur from biochemical processes, especially in the case of sewage system networks, owing to the production of biogenic sulfuric acid by certain types of bacteria. This study aims to investigate the residual mechanical properties of concrete exposed to sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations (0·5%, 1% and 3%). Two concretes were produced: a standard concrete, with a water/cement (w/c) ratio of 0·83, and a high-performance one, with w/c of 0·28. The samples were cured for 28 d and evaluated for immersion periods of 28 and 84 d. During immersion, changes in pH and the weight loss of the specimens were monitored. After immersion, the residual mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive and splitting tensile tests. Composition and microstructural changes were evaluated by phenolphthalein solution, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results show a higher mass loss in the concrete specimens with a higher percentage of cement, as well as a greater percentage reduction of the mechanical strength.

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic cavitation in acetic acid solutions with different concentrations

To investigate cavitation phenomenon in acetic acid solution, numerical simulation was performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics code of ANSYS Fluent. A comparison for acetic acid solutions of different concentrations flowing in a Venturi tube was implemented, focusing on the effect of the solution concentration on cavitation. Distributions of velocity, static pressure as well as the volume fraction of cavitation in the Venturi tube were analyzed. Flow and cavitation characteristics were explained. The results show that the non-uniformity of pressure distribution is enhanced with the increase of the solution concentration. Cavitation in the Venturi tube is featured by cavitation clouds. As the solution concentration rises, the length of the cavitation cloud decreases, and the cavitation intensity decays continuously. The results of this study can contribute to raise the effectivity and environmental efficiency of cleaning applications of acetic acid solutions.

Characterization of the alumino–silico–oxygen clinoptilolite framework and its hydrogen forms via IR spectroscopy

In this work, clinoptilolite hydrogen forms are obtained from the Khonguruu zeolite locality (Republic of Sakha, Russia) using hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. The chemical composition is identified via X-ray spectral microprobe analysis and thermogravimetry. IR vibrational spectra of the alumino–silico–oxygen framework are studied in its dealumination and decationization. The effect of the aluminum content in clinoptilolite hydrogen forms on the intensity change and frequencies of the principal vibrational bands of alumino–silico–oxygen framework is established as well.

The effect of amino acids on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium changes in spring barley under the conditions of water deficit

Small plot experiments were conducted on an Endocalcaric Endohypogleyic Luvisol in Aleksandras Stulginskis University to determine the effect of different concentrations of amino acids on the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in spring barley leaves and on grain productivity under the water deficit conditions. The following experimental design was used: factor A − different concentrations of amino acid solutions: the control (unsprayed), sprayed with water, sprayed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5 % with microelements and 2.0% amino acid solutions; factor B – time of fertilization with the amino acids: BBCH 21–23 and 26–29 growth stages. Topsoil moisture content decreased from 14.5% to 8.7% during the BBCH 21–49 stages and thus it was considered as water deficiency conditions. The amino acid solutions of different concentrations, used for spring barley fertilization under the water deficiency conditions during the BBCH 21–23 or 26–29 stages, significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the plants during the BBCH 26–29 and 32–35 stages in comparison to the control plants that were not sprayed with water. In many cases, the water spray stimulated nitrogen uptake to the same extent as amino acids application. Having analysed the effect of spring barley fertilization with the amino acids, it was found that the content of nitrogen did not reach the optimal level in the leaves of plants. However, the content of phosphorus reached the minimal limit of the optimal content at the BBCH 26–29 stage. A significant yield increase (0.15–0.47 t ha-1) was obtained when the spring barley had been fertilized with the 1.0% concentration of amino acids solution during the BBCH 21–23 stage.

Non-spectral interferences due to the presence of sulfuric acid in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Results of a systematic study concerning non-spectral interferences from sulfuric acid containing matrices on a large number of elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are presented in this work. The signals obtained with sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations (up to 5% w w−1) have been compared with the corresponding signals for a 1% w w−1− nitric acid solution at different experimental conditions (i.e., sample uptake rates, nebulizer gas flows and r.f. powers). The signals observed for 128Te+, 78Se+ and 75As+ were significantly higher when using sulfuric acid matrices (up to 2.2-fold for 128Te+ and 78Se+ and 1.8-fold for 75As+ in the presence of 5 w w-1 sulfuric acid) for the whole range of experimental conditions tested. This is in agreement with previously reported observations. The signal for 31P+ is also higher (1.1-fold) in the presence of sulfuric acid. The signal enhancements for 128Te+, 78Se+, 75As+ and 31P+ are explained in relation to an increase in the analyte ion population as a result of charge transfer reactions involving S+ species in the plasma. Theoretical data suggest that Os, Sb, Pt, Ir, Zn and Hg could also be involved in sulfur-based charge transfer reactions, but no experimental evidence has been found. The presence of sulfuric acid gives rise to lower ion signals (about 10–20% lower) for the other nuclides tested, thus indicating the negative matrix effect caused by changes in the amount of analyte loading of the plasma.The elemental composition of a certified low-density polyethylene sample (ERM-EC681K) was determined by ICP-MS after two different sample digestion procedures, one of them including sulfuric acid. Element concentrations were in agreement with the certified values, irrespective of the acids used for the digestion. These results demonstrate that the use of matrix-matched standards allows the accurate determination of the tested elements in a sulfuric acid matrix.

Garnierite: A new support for hydrodesulfurization catalysts

A Venezuelan garnierite sample from “Loma de Níquel” mine was treated with acid solutions of different concentrations. This method allowed an increase of BET surface area and a partial removal of Ni according to the acid concentration. The resulting solids were impregnated with Mo and their activity was tested in the thiophene hydrodesulfuration reaction. It was found that an increase of the surface area is positive for using garnierite sample in HDS reaction as long as the Ni removal was not excessive.

Indentation and Scratching Experimental Research on Brittle-Ductile Transition of Optical Glass SF6

In diamond cutting of optical glasses, the magnitude of critical depth of cut for brittle-ductile transition is an important factor affecting the machinability of the work material in terms of production rate and surface quality. In this work, scratching tests with increasing depths of cut were conducted on glass BK7 to evaluate the influence of the cutting fluid properties on the critical depth of cut. Boric acid solutions of different concentrations were selected as cutting fluids in the tests. The resulting scratches were examined utilizing a white light interferometer and the values of the critical depth of cut were determined based on the observations of the micro-morphology of the scratch surfaces produced. Experimental results indicated that compared with the process without cutting fluid action, the critical depth of cut in diamond cutting of glass BK7 can be increased by using boric acid solution as the cutting fluid.

Research on Critical Cut Depth of Glass BK7 in Diamond Cutting

In diamond cutting of optical glasses, the magnitude of critical depth of cut for brittle-ductile transition is an important factor affecting the machinability of the work material in terms of production rate and surface quality. In this work, scratching tests with increasing depths of cut were conducted on glass BK7 to evaluate the influence of the cutting fluid properties on the critical depth of cut. Boric acid solutions of different concentrations were selected as cutting fluids in the tests. The resulting scratches were examined utilizing a white light interferometer and the values of the critical depth of cut were determined based on the observations of the micro-morphology of the scratch surfaces produced. Experimental results indicated that compared with the process without cutting fluid action, the critical depth of cut in diamond cutting of glass BK7 can be increased by using boric acid solution as the cutting fluid.

Influence of Cutting Compound on Critical Cut Depth of Glass BK7

In diamond cutting of optical glasses, the magnitude of critical depth of cut for brittle-ductile transition is an important factor affecting the machinability of the work material in terms of production rate and surface quality. In this work, scratching tests with increasing depths of cut were conducted on glass BK7 to evaluate the influence of the cutting fluid properties on the critical depth of cut. Boric acid solutions of different concentrations were selected as cutting fluids in the tests. The resulting scratches were examined utilizing a white light interferometer and the values of the critical depth of cut were determined based on the observations of the micro-morphology of the scratch surfaces produced. Experimental results indicated that compared with the process without cutting fluid action, the critical depth of cut in diamond cutting of glass BK7 can be increased by using boric acid solution as the cutting fluid.