Hydrochloric Research Articles

Impact of Hydrochloric Acid Doping on Polyaniline Conductivity and Piezoelectric Performance in Polyaniline/Bismuth Oxyiodide Nanocomposites

This study investigates the impact of hydrochloric acid (HCl) doping, ranging from 0.2 M to 1.25 M, on the conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) and the piezoelectric performance of polyaniline/bismuth oxyiodide (PANI/BiOI) nanocomposites (NCs). Two distinct methods for fabricating NCs based on PANI and bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) are proposed. Two distinct methods for fabricating PANI/BiOI NCs are proposed, and their optical and electrical properties are systematically examined. The direct allowed energy bandgap of the NCs is found to be approximately 1.9 eV. The piezoelectric performance, attributed to the 2D Janus structure of BiOI, is explored in detail, with the bulk piezoelectric coefficient measured at 1.43(65) pm/V. Sensitivity to pressure interaction reached 21.1(92) mV/bar, and the generated power was 5.09 nW for air pressure excitation in a composite consisting of 37.5 wt% BiOI and 62.5 wt% PANI doped with 0.2 M HCl, fabricated in-situ. The results demonstrate precise control over key parameters, including the fabrication method, sample thickness, HCl doping concentration, and BiOI content, highlighting the significant potential for enhancing nanogenerator functionality. These findings provide valuable insights into improving the performance of piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting technologies.

Anti-fungal effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on Candida species

ObjectivesSlightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is produced by electrolyzing 2–6% diluted hydrochloric acid in a membrane-less chamber, resulting in 5.0–6.5 pH, and can be applied to various foods as a disinfectant. Although SAEW has shown to have bactericidal activity, the details of its anti-fungal effects towards Candida species remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the fungicidal effects of SAEW on Candida spp. and biofilms on acrylic resins. MethodsThe fungicidal effects of SAEW on Candida spp. at different reaction times and total numbers of colonies in culture plates were examined. Subsequently, SAEW was added to Candida spp. biofilms formed on polystyrene plates, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in SAEW was measured to examine its fungicidal effects towards Candida spp. biofilms. The fungicidal effect of SAEW on Candida spp. biofilms was determined by counting the number of colonies on the acrylic resin after adding SAEW. ResultsSAEW completely killing activity within 1 min with the tested Candida spp.. C. albicans and C. glabrata ATP were increased 5 min after adding SAEW compared with the controls, suggesting the removal of biofilm. Of the C. albicans on acrylic resin, > 99.9%were killed by SAEW compared to their levels in deionized distilled water (DW) (76.2x102/mL and 43.3x102/mL, respectively). Similarly, 93.1% of C. glabrata were killed by SAEW compared to DW (159.3x102/mL). ConclusionsSAEW may be useful in preventing oral candidiasis as part of oral care.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Curcumin using 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone Hydrazone Hydrochloride Hydrate as Electrophilic Coupling Agent

Introduction: Nutraceuticals are products derived from food sources that provide extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods. Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of curcumin were developed, which are simple, sensitive, selective, rapid, and reliable. Methods: The methods are based on the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) by 3-Methyl-2- benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH), which is an electrophilic coupling agent and subsequent reaction with curcumin in mild hydrochloric acid medium. Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of curcumin were developed, which are simple, sensitive, selective, rapid, and reliable. The methods are based on the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) by 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH), which is an electrophilic coupling agent and subsequent reaction with curcumin in mild hydrochloric acid medium. Result: The reaction produces a bluish–green complex with maximum absorbance at 670 nm. The colour complex can be extracted into chloroform. The methods obey Beer’s law in the range 0.3-7.0 and 0.2-7.0 (μg mL-1). Conclusion: 10 common anions and cations were added, and the method was tested, and no interference was observed. The proposed methods offered the advantages of having good reproducibility and were satisfactorily worked out to estimate the amount of curcumin in various turmeric samples.

Promising corrosion resistance of mild steel, copper, and aluminum in hydrochloric acid solution using an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor

The current study assessed the anticorrosion features of 6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (AIM) in mitigating corrosion of three different metals: Mild Steel (MS), Copper (Cu) and Aluminum (Al) in 1 M HCl solution. The adsorption process of AIM on these metal surfaces, as well as the stability of the adsorbed layer and its relationship with the type of metal were comprehensively investigated. To achieve our objectives, several techniques were used, such as: Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), SEM surface characterization, and theoretical approaches. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations revealed high corrosion inhibition rates, reaching 99.01 %, 96.06 %, and 84.8 % for Cu, MS and Al, respectively, at a concentration of 10−3 M of AIM. Potentiodynamic polarisation validated the mixed type nature of inhibitor, a satisfactory correlation was observed between the results obtained by EIS and those obtained by the PDP technique. The adsorption study showed that the process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, and metal dissolution was an endothermic process. Additionally, surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of a protective AIM film on the electrode surface, resulting in a significant reduction in metal dissolution in the presence of aggressive ions. The exploration of the relationship between molecular structure, inhibitory properties of AIM and the studied metals, was conducted through quantum chemical analysis and dynamic molecular simulation.

Study on the thermal field material of FZ-Si crystal waste graphite purified by ultrasonic enhanced acid leaching

This study examines the acid-leaching and purification process of waste graphite in the production of Czochralski monocrystalline silicon. The optimal leaching conditions are identified as a liquid-to-solid ratio of 6, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, an acid concentration of 8 mol, and a leaching time of 60 min. The use of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid in the acid-leaching process increases the fixed carbon content of waste graphite from ∼94 % to ∼98.5 %. To address the low fixed carbon content that cannot be achieved through conventional acid-leaching, a method combining ultrasonic intensification with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid leaching is proposed and successfully implemented. Under ultrasonic enhancement conditions, the leaching effect is optimal at a temperature of 60 °C, acidity of 4 mol, and leaching time of 60 min. These results demonstrate that the introduction of ultrasound significantly strengthens the acid-leaching process. The method proposed in this study not only purifies waste graphite through acid-leaching but also elucidates the reaction behavior of various impurity elements during the leaching process. Overall, these findings provide a foundational basis for the recovery of waste graphite in the thermal field.

Rapid carbonate precipitation induced by carbamate coating: A new approach to form impermeable thin barrier and its mechanism

Various coating strategies have been explored in the past to prevent the ingress of aggressive substances into concrete. However, either the durability or performance is still far from satisfaction. Here, carbamate solutions were prepared by pre-absorbing CO2 into amino acid salts (AASs) to carbonize the surface of cementitious materials. The high concentration of carbonate ions provided by the carbamate induced rapid surface carbonation, resulting in the formation of an AAS-CaCO3 composite barrier with a thickness of 2–3 μm and possessing high micromechanical properties. Additionally, it was observed that the barrier's effectiveness depends on the molecular structures of the amino acids employed. Coatings formed by arginine-based carbamates demonstrated excellent performances, likely due to the highly compacted calcite particles they produced. This easy-to-operate and effective strategy has the potential to open new avenues for the development of highly durable and impermeable coating barriers for practical applications.

The effects of counter ion on CO2 capture performance of amino acid salt solutions for direct air capture applications

Direct CO2 capture from the atmosphere has received growing attention driven by the imperative of achieving global net-zero emission targets. Amino acid salt solutions are promising candidates for liquid-based direct air capture processes. Utilised as a neutralized salt by reacting initially with hydroxides, it has been speculated that their performance may vary with the type of counter ion present in the solution. This work investigates the influence of counter ions, potassium, sodium, and lithium, of amino acid salt solutions on the physical properties, the CO2 absorption capacities, and the CO2 absorption kinetics under atmospheric CO2 concentration levels. The potassium-containing amino acid solutions exhibited significantly lower viscosities and mildly elevated densities compared to sodium- and lithium-containing ones. At 25 °C, the potassium-prolinate solution demonstrated the highest viscosity (8.5 mPa⋅s), whereas K-glycinate exhibited the lowest viscosity (2.5 mPa⋅s). Additionally, potassium-based solutions consistently displayed the highest CO2 mass transfer coefficients, followed by sodium- and lithium-containing ones. The CO2 mass transfer coefficient was highest for potassium-prolinate (2.99 mmol m−2⋅s−1⋅kPa−1) with the lowest rate observed for potassium-β-alaninate (1.68 mmol m−2⋅s−1⋅kPa−1). Interestingly, the type of counter ion had minimal impact on the CO2 absorption capacity, with potassium-based solutions exhibiting only a slightly elevated capacity compared to sodium- and lithium-based solutions. Specifically, potassium-lysinate displayed the highest CO2 absorption capacity (0.7 mol CO2 /mol amine), while potassium-β-alaninate showed the lowest (0.65 mol CO2/mol amine). It should be noted that all lithium-based solutions of all amino acids formed precipitates during CO2 absorption. From a practical and operational perspective, these findings suggest that the potassium salt solution of amino acids would be the optimal choice for direct air capture applications due to their enhanced solubility and CO2 mass transfer rates compared to the corresponding sodium and lithium counter ion salt solutions.

Stereoselective Electrochemical Synthesis of E-Tetrasubstituted Haloalkenyl Chalcogenides.

Herein, we describe an electrochemical method for the synthesis of haloalkenyl chalcogenides from internal alkynes using hydrobromic and hydrochloric acids as halogenating agents, with the sole byproduct being hydrogen gas. This e-halochalcogenation protocol generates electrophilic chalcogenium species under mild conditions in a simple, undivided cell setup, enabling the synthesis of 25 examples of chloro- and bromovinyl selenides and sulfides with yields ranging from 10 % to 94 %, predominantly as the E-isomer. The synthetic utility of the halovinyl chalcogenides was demonstrated through various transformations, yielding densely functionalized tetra-substituted olefins. This underscores the versatility and efficiency of our method in assembling intricate molecular frameworks.

A Study and In Vitro Evaluation of the Bioactive Compounds of Broad Bean Sprouts for the Treatment of Parkinson's Syndrome.

Levodopa (LD) is the first discovered and the most promising and effective medication for Parkinson's disease (PD). As the first identified natural source of LD, Vicia faba L. (broad beans), especially its sprouts, has been confirmed to contain many other potential bioactive compounds that could also be therapeutic for PD. In this study, the bioactive components obtained from broad bean sprout extraction (BSE) that could be beneficial for PD treatment were screened, and the related mechanisms were explored. Solvent extraction combined with column chromatography was used to isolate bioactive fractions and monomer compounds, while UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, HRESI-MS and (1H, 13C) NMR were employed for compound identification. Network pharmacology techniques were applied to screen for potential mechanisms. A total of 52 compounds were identified in a 50% MeOH extract of broad bean sprouts. Moreover, twelve compounds were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate and n-butanol portions, including caffeic acid (1), trans-3-indoleacrylic acid (2), p-coumaric acid (3), protocatechualdehyde (4), isovitexin (5), isoquercetin (6), grosvenorine (7), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (8), isoschaftoside (9), narcissin (10), kaempferitrin (11) and trigonelline HCl (12). Compounds 2, 4, 7, 8 and 12 were isolated from Vicia faba L. for the first time. The potential mechanisms were determined by analyzing 557 drug targets, 2334 disease targets and 199 intersections between them using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Further in vitro experiments confirmed that caffeic acid (compound 1) and p-coumaric acid (compound 3) have neuroprotective effects in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y cells and lipopolysaccharide-treated PC-12 cells through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In conclusion, this study explored effective components in broad bean sprouts and performed in vitro evaluations.

ASSESSMENT OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED SALICYLALDEHYDE-BASED SCHIFF BASES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR CARBON STEEL IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT

A novel and eco-friendly approach for synthesizing two salicylaldehyde-based Schiff bases (2HPP and BHBD) in aqueous environments has been successfully conducted. These synthesized Schiff bases were subjected to a range of physicochemical analyses, including CHNS elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic techniques like IR, electronic, 1HNMR, and mass spectra, to ascertain their properties. The research also involved investigating the inhibitory properties of these Schiff bases against mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solutions at a temperature of 30°C. The results obtained from this study revealed the remarkable inhibitory potential of 2HPP and BHBD on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration, ultimately reaching an impressive maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.50% and 94.54 % for 2HPP and BHBD, respectively. The adsorption behavior of 2HPP and BHBD followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a favorable interaction with the metal surface. Moreover, the investigations included the use of quantum chemical parameters, which were computed utilizing the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. These calculations included energy gap assessments, which lent support to the excellent inhibiting performance of both Schiff basses. However, BHBD appeared to be a more efficient inhibitor than 2APP.

Studies of Kinetics and Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Synthesized Novel Organic Terpolymer Resin

Abstract: The terpolymer resin 2,4-DHP-4-PAF-III was prepared by condensation of 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone, 4- pyridylamine and formaldehyde in the presence of 2M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst in the temperature range 125 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs in 3:1:5 molar ratios of reactants. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectral studies have been carried out to confirm the structure of the resin. The thermal degradation behavior of terpolymer was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 0C/min. Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll methods were used to calculate thermal activation energy (Ea), entropy change (∆S), free energy change (∆F), apparent entropy change (S*), frequency factor (Z) and order of reaction (n). Thermal activation energy (Ea) calculated by Sharp-Wentworth (28.81 KJ/mole) method and Freeman-Carroll (29.47 KJ/mole) method are in good agreement.

A Fluorescent Polyvinyl Alcohol Film with Efficient Photodynamic Antimicrobial Performance Enabled by Berberine/Phytic Acid Salt for Food Preservation

AbstractFood packaging that impedes microbial growth and can be safely used is critical to attenuate food spoilage. Herein, a green berberine/phytate salt (BPA) is successfully synthesized and aggregated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film to impart fluorescent and photodynamic antimicrobial properties. Compared to berberine hydrochloride (BHL), BPA exhibited stronger fluorescence because intramolecular motions and intermolecular π–π accumulation of BHL are restricted by phytic acid (PA). Molecular dynamics simulation indicate that aggregation of BHL and PA formed through electrostatic interactions in the PVA matrix due to the change of the binding energy during the drying process. With increasing BPA content, the films exhibited increased ultraviolet, water vapor, and oxygen barriers and fluorescent properties, but reduced tensile strength and elongation at break. After radiated, PVA‐BPA9 film showed the highest antimicrobial rates against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, P. citrinum, and Aspergillus niger reached 100%, 100%, 86.14%, and 66.24%, respectively, due to the increased reactive oxygen species production. The total number of microbial colonies in cooked chicken and oranges packaged by PVA‐BPA9 film with irradiation ARE 87.54% and 29.21% of those by PVA film. The findings indicate a new and feasible strategy to obtain a green photodynamic‐mediated film for safe and effective food packaging.

Assessment of the toxicity and hazard of a chelating agent based on a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid in water and atmospheric air

Introduction. The article evaluates the toxicity and danger of a chelating agent based on a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid. The relevance of the study is related to the assessment of the impact of this substance on water and atmospheric air, especially in the context of its use in oil production and potential release into the environment and impact on humans. Material and methods. The studies included assessing the effect of the substance on the organoleptic characteristics of water, the process of self-purification of water bodies, as well as conducting acute and subacute toxicological tests to study the effect of the mixture on the body of warm-blooded animals. Results. For a mixture of di- and triammonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, a value of 70 mg/l is recommended as the threshold concentration for the organoleptic indicator, the limiting indicator is odor. The mixture does not affect the processes of self-purification of water in water bodies at the maximum studied concentration. Toxicological studies have shown that the mixture is classified in the 3rd hazard class (LD50 2250±250 mg/kg) and has a high degree of accumulation. In addition, it has a moderate irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the eye and intact skin upon repeated application, and does not have a skin-resorptive effect. After prolonged exposure, the mixture affects the blood parameters of animals, as well as the functional state of the liver and kidneys. Limitations. The studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of Methodological instructions 2.1.5.720–98 and Methodological instructions 2630–82. The research results are applicable in substantiating hygienic standards in the water of water bodies and atmospheric air. Conclusion. Thus, based on literature data, as well as our own research, for a mixture of di- and triamonium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, we can recommend a value of 0.8 mg/l as the approximate permissible level in the water of water bodies (hazard indicator – sanitary-toxicological, hazard class – 2), and a value of 0.1 mg/m3 as the tentative safe exposure level in the atmospheric air of populated areas.

Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behaviour of Centrosema pubescens Leaf Extract for Copper in HCl Solution

Study’s Excerpt In this study, Centrosema pubescens leaf extract (CPE) has been confirmed as eco-friendly and efficient green inhibitor for copper corrosion in hydrochloric acid. Detailed thermodynamic analysis, revealed that CPE adsorption follows a Freundlich isotherm model. SEM-EDX and FTIR characterizations confirmed the formation of a protective layer confirming the potentials of the plant extracts in sustainable corrosion prevention. Full Abstract The anti-corrosion behaviour of Centrosema pubescens leaf extract (CPE) on copper in 1.5 M hydrochloric acid was investigated using weight loss method at different temperatures, followed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface characterization connected with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of CPE was obtained. CPE inhibition effectiveness depends on the temperature and its concentration. CPE restrains the copper corrosion with 94.26 % inhibition efficiency at 1.0 g/L of CPE and at 303 K. For the CPE-inhibited system, a higher activation energy (Ea) value (range of 31.09 to 38.70 kJmol-1) compared to 20.34 kJmol-1 of the blank solution was obtained. The reaction process is spontaneous and endo thermic, as indicated by the ΔH, ΔS and ΔG values calculated. CPE adsorption behaviour fitted best into Freundlich isotherm.

Synthesis, characterization and study of Sb(Ⅲ) adsorption from aqueous solution by iron-aluminum pillared attapulgite

In this study, a simple, environmentally friendly and inexpensive adsorbent for Sb(III) in aqueous solution was prepared by the copolymerization method using attapulgite as the matrix, FeCl3 and AlCl3 as the metal sources. The morphology and structure of iron-aluminum pillared attapulgite were analyzed through various characterization methods. The conditions and influencing factors of iron-aluminum pillared attapulgite preparation and Sb(III) adsorption were studied. The saturated adsorption capacity of Sb(III) could reach 60.44 mg·g−1 for 180 min at pH 7 and 298 K. The adsorption process is conformed to Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic investigation suggested a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. It was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and Zeta potential analysis that Sb(III) was first electrostatically adsorbed by the adsorbent, part of Sb(III) was oxidized to Sb(V) by Fe(III) and then antimony was complexed with iron and aluminum hydroxides to form surface complexes. In addition, a small amount of antimony migrated through intra-particle diffusion into the internal micropores and reacted with hydroxyl groups. Most coexisting components under the chosen conditions had no influence on Sb(III) adsorption, and PO43−, AsO33−, C6H8O7 and H2C2O4 had a negligible effect. However, the adsorption capacity of over 90 % without interference showed that the material has a strong selectivity for Sb(III) adsorption. The findings of the desorption experiment showed that the adsorption product has a considerable degree of desorption at increased hydrochloric acid concentrations. It may be concluded that the adsorption product is more stable in the overall polluted water environment since the actual acidity of the polluted water environment is significantly lower than the desorption experiment acidity. Overall, iron-aluminum pillared attapulgite has great potential for application in removing Sb(III).

A novel Non-rodent animal model of hydrochloric acid-induced acute and chronic lung injury

Hydrochloric acid is one of the most prevalent and hazardous chemicals. Accidental spills occur in industrial plants or during transportation. Exposure to HCl can induce severe health impairment, including acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. We have previously described the molecular, structural, and functional aspects of the development of chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis caused by intratracheal instillation of HCl in mice. Although mouse models of human disease have many advantages, rodents are evolutionary far from human and exhibit significant anatomical and physiological differences. Genetic and anatomic similarities between rabbits and humans are significantly higher. Rabbit models of HCl-induced lung injury have been used sparsely to evaluate acute lung injury. In this study, for the first time, we utilized rabbits as a model of HCl-induced pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung injury. We present molecular, histological, and functional evidence that demonstrate the utility of using this model for studying new pharmaceutics against pulmonary fibrosis.

Bromic acid-thiourea synergistic leaching of sulfide gold ore

Abstract Bromate–thiourea coordinated leaching of gold sulfide ore for gold sulfide ore as leaching object. The effects of leaching reagent, stirring speed, and leaching time on gold leaching were investigated in this article. The results showed that the optimum leaching conditions were potassium bromate 0.1 M, thiourea 0.6 g·L−1, hydrochloric acid 0.2 M, agitation speed 250 rpm, ratio of liquid to solid 4, and leaching time 10 min. Under these conditions, high efficiency and rapid leaching of gold can be achieved, and reagent consumption is reduced. The research results have theoretical and practical significance for expanding new green gold extraction technology.

Screening for probiotic properties and potential immunogenic effects of lactobacilli strains isolated from various food products.

Deceleration of disease progression and re-establishment of microbial balance in the gut is often achieved by application of lactobacilli strains. Their beneficial effects are associated with probiotic properties, which may be accompanied by immunomodulatory action at mucosal surfaces. To single out such strains, we screened almost three hundred lactobacilli isolates from eight genera and various food sources for acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesion to mucin as well as hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) fractions of five lactobacilli strains were assessed using an in vitro cell line model. By our rationalized selection approach, we identified thirty-five strains with probiotic potential and biosafety features. Additionally, we showed that CFS from the Lactiplantibacillus L_4 strain downregulates proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β. In contrast, IL-8 expression was found to increase after treatment with CFSs of Lactiplantibacillus L_2 and L_5 and IL-1β was upregulated by CFSs of Lactiplantibacillus L_1 and Lactiplantibacillus L_3. Overall, our result delineate a rational approach of selecting lactobacilli strains for probiotic development to support the gut microbiota equilibrium and reinforce the host immune system.

Anogeissus Latifolia: A Comprehensive Review from Ethanobotanical Insights to Future Pharmacological Frontiers.

Anogeissus latifolia, commonly known as Axlewood, Indian Gum Tree, or Gum Ghatti, belongs to the Combretaceae family and is native to India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. It thrives in most tropical and subtropical regions of India. Different parts of the plant contain various proteins, carbohydrates, sugars (arabinose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid), minerals (magnesium and calcium salts of ghattic acid), and a wide range of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, sterols, saponins, tannins, coumarins, quinine, and ellagic acid. Studies have indicated the potential of Anogeissus latifolia in managing various health conditions, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing, and hypolipidemic effects. However, like many medicinal plants, Anogeissus latifolia demonstrates a dose-dependent toxicity profile, particularly when administered intraperitoneally. Research efforts have been directed towards elucidating its safety profile, and findings suggest that it can be considered safe when administered within prescribed dosages. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review encompassing the ethnobotanical significance, morphological characteristics, phytochemistry, pharmacological actions, and toxicological aspects of Anogeissus latifolia. Additionally, it explores future research perspectives in the field of Anogeissus latifolia pharmacology and therapeutics.

Multiomic comparison of GLP1R analogues interaction networks

Abstract Background GLP1R analogs are drugs increasingly used in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Subsequent clinical trials indicate their beneficial effects, including cardioprotection, but the exact mechanisms of those actions are still not known. Aim of the study: This study aims to understand how GLP1R analogs exert cardioprotective and therapeutic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Through analyzing GLP1R interaction networks and associated metabolomic and lipidomic data, we seek to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and their potential therapeutic implications. Methods We performed an integrative analysis of four GLP1Ri interaction networks and associated metabolomic and lipidomic datasets. Interactomics revealed 130 common genes among semaglutide, exenatide, tirzapeptide, and retatrutide, primarily associated with diabetes-related processes, including obesity and hyperglycemia. Noteworthy findings encompassed ontological terms related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, calcium regulation in cardiac cells, and amino acid accumulation-induced mTOR activation. Additionally, enrichment in gene sets linked to longevity, less recognized terms like fatty liver disease, chemokine signaling, and sirtuin interactome, were observed. Results Specific processes for tirzepatide included behavior-related terms and hydrochloric acid secretion, while retatrutide exhibited associations with fibrosarcoma, thinking and speaking disturbances, and adipogenesis signaling. Shared processes like primary ciliary dyskinesia differed in implicated genes. Metabolomics identified shared metabolites associated with diverse pathways, including galactose metabolism and nitric oxide-related pathways. Lipidomics highlighted enriched phenotypes and pathways, such as arachidonic acid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusion Integration of interaction networks with metabolomic and lipidomic data revealed top interactors and impacted metabolites, shedding light on the intricate molecular landscape of GLP1Ri. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic implications and broader health considerations of GLP1R drugsfig1fig2