Acid Phosphatase Locus Research Articles

An acid phosphatase locus expressed in mouse kidney (Apk) and its genetic location on chromosome 10.

A genetic locus controlling the electrophoretic mobility of an acid phosphatase in mouse kidney is described. This locus, called acid phosphatase-kidney (Apk), is not expressed in erythrocytes, liver, spleen, heart, lung, brain, skeletal muscle, stomach, or testes. The product of Apk hydrolyzes the substrate naphthol AS-MX phosphoric acid but is not active on alpha-naphthylphosphate or 4-methylumbelliferylphosphate. It is not inactivated by 50 C for 1 hr, nor is its electrophoretic mobility altered by incubation with neuraminidase. The locus is invariant among 31 inbred strains (Apka), with a variant allele (Apkm) observed only in Mus musculus molossinus. Codominant expression was observed in F1 hybrids of M. m. molossinus and inbred strains. Apk was mapped on Chr 10, near the neurological mutant waltzer (v).

The allelic distribution at an acid phosphatase locus in Norway spruce (Picea abies) along similar climatic gradients

The allele frequency distribution at a polymorphic acid phosphatase locus (APH-B) was determined in natural populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies) from a latitudinal transect in Finland, an altitudinal transect in the Austrian Alps, and from different locations of the Swiss range. The three independent population groups, selected with respect to similar climatic gradients, were studied to detect the forces that cause the geographic variation at the APH-B locus.In almost all of the populations investigated, four alleles (APH-B1 - B4) could be identified at this enzyme locus, however, the alleles b1 and B2, as well as B3 and B4, show a great similarity according to their phenotypic appearance after electrophoresis as well as to their frequency distributions along the different transects. With the aid of some theoretical considerations and data comparisons, a selective equivalence of the alleles B1 and B2, as well as B3 and B4, could be ascertained, thus reducing the number of alleles that can respond differently to natural selection.After combining the frequencies of the selectively equivalent alleles, similar clinal variation patterns could be observed along the different geographical transects, where-by the frequency of the allele group APH-B1 /B2 markedly increases with latitudes in Finland and towards higher elevations in the Alps. Correspondingly, the allele group APH-B3/B4 predominates in the southern parts of Finland and in the lowlands and foothills of Austria and Switzerland. It is therefore concluded that natural selection causes the geographic variation pattern at the APH-B locus and that one or several temperature variables function as an at least predominant selective force. Possible relationships between this enzyme polymorphism and other tree characters and the physiological role of acid phosphatases in tree adaptation were discussed.

Biosystematic studies of the red algal genus Eucheuma. I. Electrophoretic variation among Florida populations

Electrophoretic techniques were used to assess the degree of genetic differentiation among 4 species of the seaweed Eucheuma; E. isiforme, E. nudum, E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum. Nine Floridian populations were surveyed for 5 enzymes (14 loci), and compared using both phenotypic identity (I p )and Nei's genetic identity (I) statistics. Results suggest there is a very high degree of genetic similarity between E. isiforme and E. nudum (Ī=0.904), and between E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum (Ī=0.857), but a very low degree of similarity between these two pairs of species (Ī=0.372). These findings are in agreement with an earlier report which recommended the removal of E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum from the genus based on differences in reproductive anatomy. Greater genetic similarity was observed among the E. isiforme populations than among the E. nudum populations, the latter being ecologically more diverse and geographically or hydrographically more isolated. The proportion of polymorphic loci per population ranged from 0.25 to 0.36. Heterozygote deficiencies were observed at two acid phosphatase loci in offshore populations of E. nudum which showed a propensity for vegetative reproduction.

Esterase and acid phosphatase polymorphism in the fig tree (Ficus carica L.).

The genetics of two enzymatic loci, esterase (Est-D) and acid phosphatase (AcP-A), were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the fig tree (Ficus carica L.). Two codominant alleles are described at the Est-D locus and four codominant alleles at the AcP-A locus. Heterozygotes at the AcP-A locus have a hybrid band, thus showing that the AcP-A allozymes, are at least dimer molecules. Both loci are independent of the male sterility factor in F. carica. The polymorphism in four natural populations was investigated for both loci. A significant deficiency of heterozygotes was observed.

Enzymes and reproduction in natural populations of Drosophila euronotus.

Populations of Drosophila euronotus, one from southern Louisiana )3 samples), and one from Missouri (2 samples), were classified for allele frequencies at alkaline phosphatase (APH) and acid phosphatase (ACPH) loci. The two populations differed consistently in allele frequencies at both loci. The APH locus is on the inversion-free X chromosome; the chromosomal locus of the autosomal ACPH is unknown, and could involve inversion polymorphism. Wild females from Missouri and Louisiana populations heterozygous at the APH locus carried more sperm at capture than did the corresponding homozygotes. This heterotic association was significant for the combined samples, and whether it was the result of heterosis at the enzyme locus studied, or due to geographically widespread close linkage with other heterotic loci, it should help to maintain heterozygosity at the APH locus. In a Louisiana collection which included large numbers of sperm-free females, simultaneous homozygosity at both enzyme loci was significantly associated with lack of sperm. It is suggested that the latter association is the result of young heterozygous females achieving sexual maturity earlier than do the double homozygotes. The average effective sperm load for 225 wild females was only 29.4, suggesting the necessity for frequent repeat-mating in nature to maintain female fertility. A comparison of the sex-linked APH genotypes of wild females with those of their daughters indicated that among 295 wild-inseminated females from five populations, 35% had mated more than once, and of this 35%, six females had mated at least three times. Because of ascertainment difficulties, it is clear that the true frequency of multiple-mating in nature must have been much higher than the observed 35%. Laboratory studies indicate that multiple-mating in this species does not involve sperm displacement, possibly due to the small number of sperms transmitted per mating, and the fact that the sperm receptacles are only partially filled by a given mating.

Activity of the "red cell" acid phosphatase locus in other tissues.

Activity of the "red cell" acid phosphatase locus in other tissues.

Frequency Changes of Isozyme Alleles in a Selection Experiment for Grain Yield in Maize (Zea mays L.)1

Frequencies of alleles associated with three peroxidase isozyme systems and one acid phosphatase system were monitored through nine cycles in a maize (Zea mays L.) selection program for grain yield that originated from (NC7)✕ CI21) syn 2. The same isozymes were also evaluated in an unselected population following 20 generations of random mating of (NC7)✕ CI21) syn 2. for the three peroxidase systems the dominant alleles became fixed in both the unselected and selected populations.Two codominant alleles (F and S) were found in the acid phosphatase system with the heterozygote exhibiting two parental bands and an intermediate hybrid band. Frequency of the F allele increased from 0.50 to 0.76 in the first six cycles of selection; however, it now appears that the population is approaching a stable intermediate frequency (0.60). Although the changes in frequencies suggest an association of this acid phosphatase locus with yield, close linkage with another "yield" locus cannot be ruled out.

A preliminary note on linkage relationships of alkaline and acid phosphatase loci of chickens

A preliminary note on linkage relationships of alkaline and acid phosphatase loci of chickens

A "new" infrequent red cell antigen, Rd (radin).

Five examples of a “new” blood group antibody, anti‐Rd (Radin), are reported. The corresponding antigen, Rd, is infrequent and does not correspond to any other known “low‐incidence” antigen. Family studies indicate that Rd is an autosomal dominant character which does not belong to the ABO, MNSs, Rh, Lutheran, Kell or Kidd blood group systems. Furthermore, the gene determining Rd is not closely linked to either the haptoglobin or red cell acid phosphatase loci. Anti‐Rd caused mild to moderate hemolytic disease of the newborn in all five families and has appeared with the first pregnancy.