Purpose: To asses fatty acids composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in postmenopausal women depending on left ventricular (LV) filling parameters. Methods: 203 postmenopausal women were included in the investigation: 142 women with surgical menopause (average age 44,3±5,4 years, menopause duration 3,8±2,4 years); and 61 women with natural menopause (average age 46,2±4,7 years, menopause duration 4,3±2,1 years). All patients underwent general clinical examination, echocardiographic examination with systolic and diastolic LV function assessment. Besides that we assessed the proportion of different fatty acids in lipids of erythrocyte membranes. Control group consisted of 27 healthy menstruating women (mean age 39,2±4,2). Statistical methods such as Cruskell-Walles criteria and τ Kendall statistics were used. Results: 117 (57.6%) postmenopausal women had LV diastolic function disturbance (1st group) and 86 women had no (2nd group). Nobody of included postmenopausal women had LV systolic function failure. All patients in menopause had significant changes in fatty acids composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in comparison with healthy women: saturated acids relative content was increased, and unsaturated acids relative content was decreased, especially in women with LV diastolic dysfunction. The most serious changes concerned omega-3 polyunsaturated acids: relative contents of alpha-linoleic acid in patients of the 1st group was 3,1 times less than in control group (P<0.001); patients of the 2nd group demonstrated 2,7 times decrease of this index in comparison with healthy women (P<0.001). The content of eicosapentaenoic acid in the 1st and the 2nd groups was 1,7 and 1,4 times less than in control group, respectively (P<0.01). The same changes in the 1st and the 2nd groups concerned to docosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids: they were 2,1 – 3 times less and 2,4 – 2,8 times less than in healthy women, respectively (P<0.001). The presence of LV diastolic dysfunction correlated negatively with alpha-linoleic, eicosapentaenoic acid content and common polyunsaturated acids content (τ from –0.32 to –0.58, P<0.001) and positively – with saturated acids relative content (τ = 0.55, P<0.001). Conclusions: Thus, disturbances in fatty acids composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids may play role in left ventricular dysfunction formation in postmenopausal women.