Acid-base Material Research Articles

The Influence of Problem Based e-Modules on Students' Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Material

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how problem-based online modules affect students' learning results in acid-base chemistry and to determine the correlation of e-modules with motivation and student learning in acid-base materials at SMA Negeri 11 Medan. This research took a sample consisting of 1 group, namely the experimental group in class XI MIPA 6. Tests for normality, homogeneity, hypothesis, and correlation are used in data gathering procedures. After testing, the prerequisite is that the experimental data is normally distributed, for the homogeneous test the experimental class is homogeneous. To test the hypothesis, test is used One Sample T Test, and to test the correlation test is used Product Moment then the data results are obtained for the value hypothesis tcount > ttable, then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected with the pret-test value in the experimental class, namely X and the post-test value in the experimental class, namely X, correlation test rcount > rtable, then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. The findings indicated that learning results were different before and after receiving media therapy in the form of problem-based e-modules. Additionally, the relationship between students' motivation and the chemistry learning results in problem-based e-modules.

Implementation of an Integrated Project Based Learning Model for Generic Science Skills in Acid-Base Material

This research aims to determine the effect of Evaluation of Prior Knowledge and Student Worksheets on Evaluation of Learning Outcomes and determine the difference in learning outcomes between high initial knowledge and low initial knowledge using the Project Based Learning model integrated with Generic Science Skills in Acid-Base material. This research has two independent variables, namely Initial Knowledge Evaluation and Learner Worksheet and one dependent variable, namely Evaluation of learning outcomes data. The population in this study were all class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kabanjahe consisting of 6 classes. The sample in this study was taken using a purposive sampling technique from 1 class, namely class. The instruments used are initial knowledge evaluation test instruments, learning outcome evaluation test instruments and Student Worksheets as well as non-test student observation sheets. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests and Independent Sample T-Test. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant influence between the value of Prior Knowledge and Student Worksheets on learning outcomes and there is a significant difference in the value of learning outcomes between students whose initial abilities are classified as high and students whose initial abilities are classified as low.

Effectiveness Discovery Learning and Learning Cycle 5E Integrated Virtual Lab on Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Discovery learning and Learning Cycle 5E learning models and to see the differences in academic performance from the two models. The method used is experimental. The population in this study were students of class XI Science at SMAN 17 Medan and the samples were class XI Science 4 as experimental class 1 and XI Science 3 as experimental class 2. The research results show that the Discovery Learning model is effective in improving academic performance as evidenced by the average N-gain value of 0.759 in the high category, the Learning Cycle 5E model is effective in academic performance as evidenced by the average N-gain value of 0.751 with high category and there is a significant difference in the academic performance of students who are taught using the Discovery Learning and Learning Cycle 5E models integrated with virtual labs on acid-base material as proven by carrying out by Independent Sample T-test so the output can obtained value of sig is 0.011<0.05.

Validity of Problem Based Learning Oriented E-LAPD to Improve Chemical Literacy Skills of High School Students

This study aims to produce valid Problem Based Learning (PBL) oriented E-LAPD to improve students' chemical literacy skills on acid-base material. This research method used development research with the 4D model which includes define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, it is limited to the development stage. The subjects of this study were phase F students of class XI SMAN 1 Krembung Sidoarjo as many as 36 students. The research instrument used in collecting data was a validation sheet. Data analysis techniques in this study used quantitative analysis techniques through the provision of validation questionnaires to validators. The results of this study indicated that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) oriented E-LAPD to improve students' chemical literacy skills on acid-base material was declared feasible to use because it got a mode score of 4 with valid criteria based on content and construct validity which includes aspects of language, presentation, and graphics.

Bactericidal and Antifouling Coatings with the "Killing-Repelling-Killing" Triple Function Based on Cationic Copolymers with Structure Conversion and Capsaicin Analogue Release.

The capsaicin analogue N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) acrylamide (HMBA) was linked with polylauryl methacrylate-b-poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PLMA-b-PDMAEMA) via a quaternization reaction with 4-(acrylamidomethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl 2-chloroacetate (AAMPCA). The amphiphilic copolymers were capable of transforming its structure in response to the solvent change from aprotic to protic, which was verified by the 1H NMR spectrum. The resulting cationic copolymers underwent a hydrolysis process in water, yielding zwitterionic groups on surfaces. Meanwhile, the bactericidal reagent HMBA was released. It was proved that the hydrolysis rate of the copolymers accelerated with higher temperature, higher pH value, and higher hydrophilic block units. And the controllable, sustainable release of HMBA was achieved with copolymer-mediated hydrolysis. Protein-repellent and bactericidal tests on the surface of the coating proved that antifouling and bactericidal performances of the coating correlated to the structure conversion abilities of the corresponding copolymer. The dynamic monitoring of Escherichia coli adhesion in 3 h evidenced the antifouling and bactericidal process of copolymers with different block ratios and concentrations. The coating incorporated with 3% PLMA120-b-(PDMAEMA-AAMPCA)120 in polylactic acid base materials showed an adhesion ratio of E. coli less than 1% within 1 h, and the survival ratio of the adhered bacteria is <1%, suggesting its rapid speed and high efficiency in "bacterial repelling and killing". Also, the PLMA120-b-(PDMAEMA-AAMPCA)120 copolymer demonstrated enhanced bactericidal ability compared with the mixture of cationic poly(laruyl methacrylate)120-b-poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate ester)120 (PLMA120-b-PCBMAE120) and free HMBA. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.078 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 0.312 mg/mL against E. coli, respectively.

Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Ability of Chemistry Students on Acid-Base Material

This study aims to determine the improvement of critical thinking skills of chemistry students through a problem-based learning (PBL) learning model on acid-base titration material. The method used is analytical descriptive research based on categorizing critical thinking skills with the research subject of chemistry education students in a regular class in 2022, consisting of 35 students. Data collection of critical thinking skills using essay tests reveals critical thinking skills in interpretation, analysis, inference, deduction, and evaluation. Research data were obtained from pretest and post-test results. The results showed the lowest N-gain value on the interpretation indicator and the highest on the deduction indicator, with an average N-gain value of 0.59 in the moderate category. This shows increased critical thinking skills after being treated using the PBL learning model.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran dan Motivasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Materi Asam dan Basa di SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa

This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the learning outcomes of students who are taught with Phet Simulation Learning Media and Chat GPT as well as high and low learning motivation assisted by problem-based learning models on acid-base material, and see the interaction between learning media and student learning motivation. The population in this study was all grade XI students at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. The sample was taken by purposive sampling of 2 classes with a total sample of 68 students. The hypothesis test was performed with a two-track ANNAVA. For phet simulation media and GPT chat, the price of Fcalculate 18.56 &gt; Ftable 3.99 which means that Ha is accepted, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average learning outcomes of students who are given phet simulation media with GPT chat on acid-base material. At high and low learning motivation Fcalculate 6,66 &gt; Ftable 3,99 which means there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between high learning motivation and low learning motivation. Furthermore, the interaction between the learning media and learning motivation was found Fcalculate 19,13 &gt; Ftable 3,99, which means that there was an interaction between the learning model and learning interest on learning outcomes.

Development of Problem-Based Learning Student Worksheet Integrated with Ethnoscience on Acid-Base Material

This study aims to develop problem-based learning student worksheets integrated with ethnoscience on acid-base materials that are valid and practical. This research uses a development research method (Research and Development) with a 4-D model. The data of this study were collected through validity sheets completed by 4 validators, namely 2 chemistry lecturers and 2 chemistry teachers, and with a practicality questionnaire sheet completed by 2 chemistry teachers and by 35 students of SMAN 1 Batusangkar as respondents. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive method, using Aiken’s V. The result for content validity is 0.88 and construct validity is 0.90 with valid category. The result for teachers practicality is 0.95 and students practicality is 0.82 with practical category. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the development of problem-based learning-based student worksheets integrated with ethnoscience on acid-base material is valid and practical.

Development of Nature-Based Practical Instructions to Improve Science Process Skills in Class XI MIA Acid-Base Material

practicum manuals available so students only used practicum guides from textbooks. This causes ineffective practicum activities which have an impact on students' low science process skills.The aim of this research is to develop nature-based practicum instructions, and determine the characteristics and feasibility of practicum instructions, as well as determine student responses to the practicum instructions developed. The research method used is Research and Development or R&amp;D with the 4D development model (define, design, develop, disseminate). Data collection techniques use observation sheets and questionnaires. The research results obtained an average value from the validation of the expert team, namely 87.69% with very feasible criteria. Validation results from practitioners obtained an average of 96% with very feasible criteria. The results of the student questionnaire responses obtained an average of 82.75% with very feasible criteria and the results of observations of science process skills obtained an average of above 75% for each aspect with very feasible criteria. It can be concluded that the nature-based practical instructions that have been developed still need to be carried out in the next stage and are very suitable for use in experiments.

Development of Problem-Solving-Oriented Electronic Module (E-Module) to Improve The Critical Thinking Skills of Class XI Senior High School Students on Acid-Base Material

The Independent Curriculum is a solution to the tight competition for human resources in the 21st century. The critical thinking skills needed in the 21st century can be improved through studying chemistry, especially acid-base materials. The problem-solving learning model is an appropriate learning model for understanding acid-base materials and can improve students’ critical thinking skills. Learning media that can be used in chemistry learning are electronic modules. The aim of this research is to develop a problem-solving-oriented e-module to improve critical thinking skills in acid-base materials. The development model in this research uses the 4D model by Thiagarajan. The development of problem-solving-oriented e-modules was declared suitable for improving students’ critical thinking skills in acid-base material in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Validity is seen in content and construct validity, both of which received a mode value of 5 in the very valid category. Practicality can be seen from the results of the student response questionnaire, which obtained a percentage of 98.75℅ in the very practical category and is supported by the results of observations of student activities. Effectiveness can be seen from the results of the students’ critical thinking skills pretest and posttest, which obtained a significance value of 0.00 using the paired sample t-test.

Water- and heat-activated dynamic passivation for perovskite photovoltaics

Further improvements in perovskite solar cells require better control of ionic defects in the perovskite photoactive layer during the manufacturing stage and their usage1–5. Here we report a living passivation strategy using a hindered urea/thiocarbamate bond6–8 Lewis acid–base material (HUBLA), where dynamic covalent bonds with water and heat-activated characteristics can dynamically heal the perovskite to ensure device performance and stability. Upon exposure to moisture or heat, HUBLA generates new agents and further passivates defects in the perovskite. This passivation strategy achieved high-performance devices with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.1 per cent. HUBLA devices retained 94 per cent of their initial PCE for approximately 1,500 hours of ageing at 85 degrees Celsius in nitrogen and maintained 88 per cent of their initial PCE after 1,000 hours of ageing at 85 degrees Celsius and 30 per cent relative humidity in air.

Development of An Interactive E-Module Based on Blended Learning to Enhance Student Independence and Learning Outcomes

This study aims to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of interactive e-modules based on blended learning to increase independence and learning outcomes on acid-base materials. This research is development research using the Borg &amp; Gall model which consists of ; 1) Research and Information collection, 2) Product planning, 3) Product development, 4) Product validation, 5) Product revision, 6) Product trial. The subjects of this study were chemistry lecturers and chemistry teachers as well as students of SMA Negeri 1 Krembung Sidoarjo who took chemistry specialization. The instruments used were review and validation sheets, learning independence questionnaires, response questionnaires, and learning outcomes test sheets. Data analysis using the N-gain to determine the increase in student independence and learning outcomes. The validation results are processed using the mode of each statement, the results of content validity get mode 5 with very valid criteria, and construct validity get mode 4 with valid criteria. The results of this study indicate that learning chemistry using interactive e-modules based on blended learning can increase learning independence with an n-gain value at 3 meetings of 0.49 in the medium category and learning outcomes with an average n-gain value of 0.69 in the moderate category. Therefore, the interactive e-module based on blended learning developed is feasible and effective to be used to improve students' independence and learning outcomes on acid-base materials.

Chemture Gamification to Improve Learners' Cognitive Ability on Acid-Base Material

This study aims to obtain learning media in the form of games that meet the appropriate category in improving the cognitive abilities of students on acid-base material. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&amp;D) with reference to Thiagarajan's 4D development model and limited to the Development stage. The instruments used include validation sheets, student response questionnaires, student activity observation sheets, and pretest-posttest sheets. The results obtained showed that the validity of the media received a score ≥ 3 with valid criteria, the practicality of the media obtained from the results of the response questionnaire and the observation sheet of students' activities for the response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 92.50% with very practical criteria, while the results of the observation of students' activities at meeting 1 were 91.1% while meeting 2 was 94.4% with very practical criteria. The effectiveness results were obtained from the pretest-posttest results which were analyzed using the classical test and T-test, the analysis results using the classical test obtained a value of 97.06% for the test of students' cognitive learning outcomes with the effective category. The Wilcoxon test results showed that the learning outcomes obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 which indicated that there was a significant difference in pretest and posttest learning outcomes. So, it can be concluded that the Chemture game has met the feasible category as a learning media to improve students' cognitive abilities.

Validitas Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Argumentasi Ilmiah Peserta Didik SMA Kelas XI pada Materi Asam Basa

Argumentation skills are one of the skills that can help individuals think logically and involve theory and cognitive processes to gain an understanding of scientific concepts and processes. This study aims to determine the validity of the student worksheet to train students' scientific argumentation skills on acid-base material. This research uses the 4D method, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate, but is limited at the develop stage. The results showed the validity of the student worksheet in terms of content, language, presentation, and graphics, with a percentage of 84.33%, 88.33%, 86.66%, and 86.66% on very good category. So, based on this data, the students' worksheet to train argumentation skills using the 4D method is declared valid.

Differences in Learning Outcomes and Science Process Skills of Students Learned with the Model Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning on Acid-Base Material

The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in learning outcomes and science process skills of students learned with Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on acid-base material, as well as the correlation between students' science process skills and student learning outcomes. This research is a quantitative research. The samples in this study were taken by random sampling of 2 classes, namely XI MIPA 1 as experimental class I and XI MIPA 3 as experimental class II, where each class was taken by 29 students based on the similarity of pretest results. The instruments used are test instruments in the form of multiple-choice questions and essays and non-test instruments in the form of observation sheets. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the SPSS Statistic version 24 for Windows computer program using the Independent Sample T-Test and Bivariate Pearson Correlation. For hypothesis I obtained the value of sig. (2-tailed) 0.008 (0.05) so that Ha is accepted, which means that there are differences in student learning outcomes learned with Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on acid-base material. For hypothesis II obtained sig value. (2-tailed) 0.010 (0.05) so that Ha is accepted, which means that there are differences in students' science process skills learned with the Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on acid-base material. For hypotheses III and IV obtained sig values. (2-tailed) of 0.002 and 0.001 (0.05) so that Ha is accepted, which means that there is a correlation between students' science process skills and student learning outcomes learned with Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning models on acid-base material.

Implementation of an Integrated Problem Based Learning Model in Acid-Base Material

This research was carried out on the basis of the dominance of the use of lecture methods and the lack of use of learning tools in learning especially on Acid-Base material at SMAN 1 Purba. This research aims to (1) know significant influence between prior knowledge and LKPD on learning outcomes. (2) knowing the difference in learning outcomes between high initial knowledge and low initial knowledge. The population of this study were all class XI SMAN 1 Purba consisting of 3 classes by determining 1 class as the research sample, namely class XI-1 using purposive sampling techniques. This research uses multiple linear regression test and Independent Sample t-Test. Based on data analysis, values are obtained the average EPA is 78.24; 86.00; 72.62, average LKPD value is 78.82; 87.06; 74.12 and the average EHB value is 79.26; 88.97; 82.47. Observation data from the observation sheet the average value obtained was 82.06; 87.57; 82.50. Based on the multiple linear regression test, there is a significant influence between initial knowledge and LKPD on learning outcomes. Results Independent Sample t-Test There is a significant difference in learning outcome scores between students with initially high ability and students with low initial ability.

Development of A Chemistry E-Module Based on Project Based Learning Using the Flipbook Application to Improve Learning Outcomes and Train Collaboration on Acid Base Material

This research aims to: (1) determine the validity of PjBL-based e-modules, (2) determine the practicality of PjBL-based e-modules, (3) determine the effectiveness of PjBL-based e-modules, and (4) determine whether there is a significant correlation between collaboration and learning outcomes. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat with the sample studied being class Data analysis techniques were carried out by: e-module feasibility test according to BSNP, collaboration skills test, and correlation test between collaboration skills and learning outcomes. The results obtained in this research are: (1) The PjBL-based E-module is said to be "valid" after being validated by 1 chemistry lecturer with an average material assessment of 89% and an average media assessment of 95% which can be categorized as " very worthy”; (2) PjBL-based e-modules are said to be "practical" after receiving chemistry teacher responses with an average percentage of 97% which can be categorized as "very feasible" and student responses with an average rating of 87%; (3) The PjBL-based e-module is said to be "effective" with a posttest score of 82.17 which has increased from 47.33. So the N-Gain score was obtained at 0.66 (65.72%) which is in the medium criteria; (4) There is a positive and significant correlation between collaboration skills and student learning outcomes where rcount is 0.593 and rtable is 0.361.

Implementation PhET Virtual Laboratory-Based Learning Media to Increase Learning Outcomes on Teaching of Acid-Base

Chemistry learning contains abstract concepts that require understanding through three levels of representation. So that innovative learning media is needed that supports the achievement of concepts learned in chemistry, especially in acid-base material. This research aims to develop and implement PhET virtual laboratory-based learning media to build student activeness in learning and improve student learning outcomes in learning the topic of Acid-Base. The use of this innovative learning media is supported by a project-based learning model. This research was conducted by research and development (RnD) with the procedures of define, design, development, and implementation. The research includes the development of PhET laboratory-based learning media, standardization of learning media, and implementation to students in class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Medan, SMA Negeri 1 Habinsaran and SMA Negeri 1 Borbor in sample classes, namely Control class and Experiment Class. The feasibility of the learning media measured 87.06% with a very feasible category. The results of the media implementation can be seen in the N-gain value in the experimental class higher than the control class with a value at SMA Negeri 5 Medan 60.9%, SMA Negeri 1 Habinsaran 68.69%, and SMA Negeri 1 Borbor 67.03% with each in the effective category.

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berorientasi Problem Solving untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik pada Materi Asam Basa

The purpose of this research was to describe the viability of using problem solving worksheets to teach students how to think critically about acid-base material. In assessing the viability of the student worksheets that have been developed, there are three factors that are taken into consideration, namely validity, practicality, and efficacy. In this study, 22 students from class XI MIPA 13 SMAN 1 Sidoarjo participated in a limited trial stage of the Research and Development (R&amp;D) technique from Borg and Gall. The findings of this research indicate that validity, which comprises construct and content validity, each received a mode value of four using appropriate standards. Based on student reaction surveys, practicality reached 92.80% with extremely practical standards, and relevant student activities in the first and second meetings respectively obtained a percentage of 95 55% and 96.12%. The N-gain test yielded medium and high criteria for efficacy. The research's findings indicate that problem solving focused student worksheets are a workable way to support students in strengthening their capacity for critical thought when studying acid-base content.

DEVELOPMENT OF INSTAGRAM-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENTS LEARNING INTEREST IN ACID-BASE MATERIALS

This study aims to determine the feasibility of Instagram-based chemistry learning media and the results of increasing student interest in learning acid-base material in everyday life with a multi-representation approach. The method used in this study is the ADDIE research and development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research population is SMAN 3 Sidoarjo students, with the sample used being 89 students who carry out learning using Instagram in acid-base material in everyday life. Quantitative data was obtained from material and media validation results, as well as an analysis of student interest in learning before and after using the media. Qualitative data were obtained by analyzing descriptive questions of student learning interest in chemistry questionnaires. The results of the research on developing Instagram-based chemistry learning media on acid-base materials in everyday life with a multi-representation approach were obtained: 1) the feasibility of learning media developed based on the results of the assessment of materials and media by expert validators was included in the very feasible category; 2) the increase in students' learning motivation is in the medium category with a standard gain value of 0.40.