Achievement Of Human Development Research Articles

Transformative Communication as Semiotic Scaffolding of Cognitive Development

The paper examines the role of earliest communicative interactions in the development of social-cognitive functions through a communication-theoretical interpretation of Hoffmeyer’s notion “semiotic scaffolding”. Drawing on Bateson’s notion of metacommunication and Vygotskian perspectives on cognitive-semiotic development, it argues that the primary semiotic achievement of human evolution and development is the differentiation of meaning into inter-referential layers that are communicatively established, which in turn provides an ecological foundation for multilevel and multimodal semiosis. Ontogenetically regarded, differentiation of levels of communication is argued to be an intersubjectively achieved process of semiotic scaffolding. Semiotic scaffolds are conceived as hierarchically organized, temporary or enduring semiotic controls on action, which can be formed in phylogeny or ontogeny. The timescale in which semiotic scaffolds change narrows down from phylogenic history to lived time to the extent that development is mediated by culture. The increasing plasticity of semiotic scaffolds brings about a novel, transformative mode of communication that is partly efficacious on phylogenetic scaffolding and responsible for the emergence of higher order scaffolds within ontogenetic time. Transformative communication is the process whereby higher-order semiotic scaffolds of (inter)action are intersubjectively formed by effectuating a top-down social modification on the psycho-somatic level of scaffolding. Its phylogenetically prior and more pervasive correlative, coordinative communication, is the mode in which stably scaffolded semiotic activities of individuals are coordinated. This argument is concretized through examining some landmark cognitive-semiotic activities such as imitation, cooperative role-taking and symbolic play, interpreted as communicative interactions with particular focus on their role in layering sign-processes. Through these interactions the child develops skills for differential attention to sign-object-interpretant and coordination of alternative interpretants.

Role and Future of Indian Media

Media acts as the fourth arm of democracy to supplement the Supreme Court in its role as the watchdog of the Constitution. It also acts as a talisman of common man’s quest for socio economic justice. Noam Chomsky was the first to highlight how through several filters, consent is manufactured from media by the corporate houses. The paper brings how in the free market economy of India, similar filters are being used to promote the cause of nationalism, branding contrarian viewpoints as “anti national” and muzzling dissent. The contrasting report of Global Hunger Index (GHI) and Ease of Doing Business brings out the dissonance between the growth story and human development achievements, as reflected consistently in low Human Development Index (HDI). The paper laments that majority of the media do not cover the underbelly of rural distress, which the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) Report (2011) captures. It also brings out how there is a harmony between social and economic indicators in China as compared to India due to strong political will. Of particular concern is the distressing situation of malnutrition of children as brought out by the Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC) report. One more area which is at the heart of impacting human development indices is the quality of primary education. Sadly post RTE Act 2009, guaranteeing right to education, the Annual Status of Education Reports (ASER) bring out how in terms of basic infrastructure and learning outcomes, there is acute shortfall as compared to the expected levels. The secondary education also shows a lack of vocational skill amongst children in the age group of (14-18) which is seriously impeding their employability. The paper strongly recommends that the press must play its role as an independent sentinel in a democratic system to project public opinion against apathy and high handedness of the governing class over the governed. A free media with an enabling environment and political neutrality is a surefire guarantee against potential fascist tendencies.

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA INDONESIA

Human development is defined as a process for enlarging people's choices, the Human Development Index is a benchmark of human development achievement based on a number of basic components of the quality of life of IPM is built through a basic three-dimensional approach that is 1). Dimensions of longevity and healthy life (a long and healthy life), 2). Knowledge and 3). Decent standard living, through the improvement of these three indicators is expected to increase the quality of human life due to individual heterogeneity, geographical disparity and societal conditions vary so that the level of income is no longer the main benchmark in calculating the success rate of development and success, poverty is a condition that is below the minimum standard of needs, both for food and non-food items called the poverty line or poverty treshold, the poverty rate and economic growth have a significant effect on the Index Human Development in Indonesia and economic growth have an influence on the Human Development Index in Indonesia

A Multidimensional Analysis of the EU Regional Inequalities

This article illustrates the steps followed to construct a measure that accounts for multidimensional inequality across European regions in terms of human development. First, a multidimensional index to explore the between inequalities across regions has been produced. Referring to UNDP (Human development report. Technical notes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf ) updated methodology and integrating it with the European Commission (2011, 2014) contributions, a Human Development Index has been calculated for 205 regions in the European Union, within the span of time from 2000 to 2011. These estimates have then been adapted to inequality, based on intra-regional distribution of selected variables following the UNDP methodology to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index. This allowed to explore how the human development pattern changes when accounting for within inequalities, and to estimate the Loss in potential human development due to inequality in the society. The latter can serve as a measure for multidimensional inequality. Results show a generally increased level of human development achievements despite a widespread persistent level of inequalities in its distribution, as well as a spatial connotation of both dynamics.

Effect of Poverty and Economic Growth on Indonesia Human Development Index

Human development is defined as a process for enlarging people's choices, the Human Development Index is a benchmark of human development achievement based on a number of basic components of the quality of life of IPM is built through a basic three-dimensional approach that is 1). Dimensions of longevity and healthy life (a long and healthy life), 2). Knowledge and 3). Decent standard living, through the improvement of these three indicators is expected to increase the quality of human life due to individual heterogeneity, geographical disparity and societal conditions vary so that the level of income is no longer the main benchmark in calculating the success rate of development and success, poverty is a condition that is below the minimum standard of needs, both for food and non-food items called the poverty line or poverty threshold, the poverty rate and economic growth have a significant effect on the Index Human Development in Indonesia and economic growth have an influence on the Human Development Index in Indonesia

Analisis Angka Harapan Lama Sekolah di Indonesia Timur Menggunakan Weighted Least Squares Regression

Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the data and information used by the local government to measure the achievement of human development with the basic components of quality of life that is life expectancy that represents health dimension, expected years of schooling (EYS) and mean years of schooling (MYS) represents the educational dimension, and purchasing power parity that represents decent living dimension. HDI especially in eastern Indonesia in the last three years has continued to increase but the figure is always below from the national figure even left behind if compared with West Indonesia. One dimension that is still low achievement is the educational dimension. EYS is one of the indicators on the educational dimension that is still a low achievement. Therefore, this research would like to know the influence of percentage of poor people, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, net enrollment rate (NER) of junior high school, and a ratio of educational facilities to EYS in eastern Indonesia. Using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method concluded that the four predictor variables used were able to influence EYS in Eastern Indonesia.

PEMODELAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI PAPUA DAN PAPUA BARAT TAHUN 2014

Human Development Index is a measure of human development achievement based on the appropriate dimensions of health, education, and living. Papua is located in eastern Indonesia consisting of 2 provinces of Papua and west Papua. This study conducted a research about modeling of district/city of human development index value using binary logistic regression model, estimation of model parameters using maximum likelihood method. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the central statistical agencies of Papua and West Papua provinces. This study involved several factors that predicted to be affected the Human Development Index of district/city in both provinces, namely PDRB/capita, sex ratio, population density, population growth rate and number of mobile health centers. Based on the result of the analysis, it can be seen that the independent variables that significantly influence the value of Human Development Index of district/city in Papua 2014 is income/capita with the probability value of 0.003 and the population of mobile health centers with the probability of 0.034

The Development Surprise of Bangladesh: Its Implications for Other Bay-of-Bengal and Andaman Sea Rim Nations

There is a mix of growth and development patterns in the region of Bay-of-Bengal and the Andaman Sea (BoBAS) rim countries, for example, pathways to Bangladesh’s exceptional human development achievements despite low per capita income may be a good example for Myanmar, Indonesia and India to follow, and success in governance improvement and high income per capita achieved by Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore may provide good lessons for others. This article investigates the drivers of Bangladesh’s human and social development so that other countries in this region, lagging in development, may learn to benefit from each other on various dimensions of growth and development in the framework of regional cooperation and concerted efforts, which might be the initial stage of forming a trade union or economic zone. This study finds that non-governmental initiatives offering low-cost or free contraceptives, healthcare and schooling, and women empowerment made this development possible in Bangladesh. JEL Classification: O11, O57

Application of Confidence Intervals for Parameters of Nonparametric Spline Truncated Regression on Index Development Gender in East Java

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is an index that measures the achievement of human basic capability development for the health, education and economic sectors within a region by considering equality between men and women. In this research GDI with the factors that are suspected to affect it will be modeled using nonparametric spline truncated regression, because the results of scatterplot pattern of GDI with some predictor variables not to follow a certain pattern. Determination of predictor variables that significantly influence GDI by using confidence interval obtained high school enrollment rate of female population, morbidity of female population, percentage of last aid of birth by medical, and female labor-force participation rate have significantly influenced to GDI in East Java.

Analisis I-HDI (Islamic-Human Development Index) di Jawa Timur

This research aims to analyze the human development achievement in East Java in 2010-2014 which is measured based on islamic-human development index. This research also compares towards the human development achievement based on HDI (Human Development Index) and I-HDI. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with 11 secondary data from BPS/Central Statistic Body and two calculation data from I-HDI. The result from the calculation of I-HDI shows that the majority of cities kota/regencies in East Java during 2010-2014 were in mid end to low end category, with relatively far disparity among regencies/cities. Meanwhile, from the result of calculation of HDI, mostly the human development achievement in East Java were in mid end to high end category. This explains that I-HDI is more comprehensive in measuring the human development achievement compared to I-HDI.

PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH, PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DAN FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP KINERJA PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI MALUKU

Human development according to UNDP (United Nation Development Program) is a process to expand choices for the population. When referring to this definition, the population becomes the ultimate goal of development, while the development effort is a means (principal means) for that purpose. Human development achievements in Maluku Province are low compared to Indonesia's human development index. In general, research aims to optimize the achievement of human development performance by looking for determinants / determinants that affect the performance of human development in the district / city of Maluku Province. Specifically this study aims to 1) analyze partially the effect of government expenditure (economic expenditure) on human development performance 2) partially analyze the effect of government health-education expenditure, 3) analyze partially the effect of labor productivity level on human development performance and 4 ) partial analysis of the influence of demographic factors represented by the number of population on the performance of human development in the district / city of Maluku Province 2009-2014. The analytical method used is qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis tool used is the Data Panel regression model for secondary data of districts / cities in Maluku Province for the period 2009-2014. There are several approaches to estimating the panel data regression model, so it is necessary to conduct a series of statistical tests to obtain the most efficient and best regression parameters (BLUE, Best Linear Unbiased Regression). The stages of statistical testing include: First stage, Testing estimation models using Restricted F-Test, LM Test and Hauman Test, Second stage, testing violations of classical assumptions.

Pengaruh pad, dau, dak terhadap ipm dengan belanja modal sebagai variabel intervening (studi pada kabupaten/kota di provinsi papua tahun 2009 -2013)

One way to measure the success or performance of a country or region in the field of human development used the Human Development Index (HDI). Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index to measure the achievement of human development based on a number of basic components of quality of life. The purpose of this study is to determine how much Local Genuine Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), Human Index Development (HDI) and Capital Expenditure in the Regencies/Cities of Papua Provinci for years 2009-2013, as well as determine the influence of PAD, DAU and DAK to HDI with Capital Expenditure as an intervening variable either simultaneously or partially. The method that used in this research is panel data regression using Random Effect Model (REM) with research period of year 2009-2013 using software Eviews 8.0. Total population in this research were 29 regencies/cities. By using purposive sampling, obtained sample of 24 regencies/cities. The results of this study indicate that PAD, DAU, and DAK jointly is influenced on Human Development Index with Capital Expenditure as an intervening variable. Partially, PAD is influenced of positive on HDI through Capital Expenditure, DAU is influenced of positive on HDI through Capital Expenditure, while DAK is not influenced on HDI through Capital Expenditure.

GERONTOGROWTH AND POPULATION AGING IN AFRICA: WHY DOES THIS DIFFERENTIATION MATTER?

Population aging is a major achievement of human development enjoyed by an increasing number of people around the world. In Africa, despite the remarkable increase in absolute terms, the proportion of African elderly is only 5% of the African population, against over 12% of the elderly population worldwide. No less important than the increase in the numbers is the remarkable global progress in quality of life and satisfaction of the elderly. At this level, most African low-income countries are overrepresented as the worst countries for the elderly to live in, as shown by the Global AgeWatch Index 2015. According to HelpAge International the countries with the worst performance lack a comprehensive approach to policy framework to address the challenges posed by the aging of their populations. Although this conclusion is not entirely wrong, it needs careful attention and qualification: What does it mean to have a comprehensive approach to population aging in countries where increasing numbers of elderly, here designated ‘gerontogrowth’, is overshadowed by the rejuvenation of the younger population? Why people would worry in advance with a phenomenon that they still do not live or feel? Without questioning the new Index’s potential this article shows that its explanatory power and reach can and should be substantially improved with a really more comprehensive analytical and methodological framework. A framework that articulates the concept of capabilities with crucial structural concepts of population dynamics, in the context of the different stages of global demographic transition, where the world’s elderly population is integrated.

Intimate partner violence and mental ill health among global populations of Indigenous women: a systematic review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognised as a major obstacle to the achievement of gender equality and human development. Its adverse physical and mental health consequences have been reported to affect women of all ages and backgrounds. Although Indigenous women seem to experience higher rates of partner abuse than non-Indigenous women, mental health consequences of IPV among this population are not yet clearly established in the literature. This study systematically reviewed the global literature on mental health outcomes and risk factors for mental ill health among Indigenous women who experienced IPV. Primary quantitative and mixed methods studies that reported about mental health and IPV among Indigenous women (aged 14+) were included. 21 bibliographic databases were searched until January 2017. Quality of included studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Findings are reported according to PRISMA-P 2015. 13 studies were identified. The majority of studies reported very high rates of IPV and high prevalence of mental disorders. The most frequently identified types of IPV were physical and/or sexual violence, verbal aggression, and emotional abuse. The strongest predictor of poor mental health was physical violence. The most commonly reported mental health outcomes were depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite the small number of studies identified, the available evidence suggests that experiences of IPV and mental disorders among Indigenous women are linked and exacerbated by poverty, discrimination, and substance abuse. More research is needed to better understand distributions and presentations of IPV-related mental illness in this population.

Planning, Inclusive Growth and Human Development in India: An Analysis

Inclusive growth is a buzz-word in policy circles nowadays, among developed and developing countries. In India from 11th Five year planning onward inclusive growth has become the priority of the government. Mere increase in GDP growth has not achieved the targets of Indian planning like poverty alleviation, balanced regional development etc. Initially policy makers were gave priority to Planning to achieve economic development. But after forty years of experience has not shown the desired result. So policy makers have been given priority to Inclusive growth. Here we discussed about the role of inclusive growth in Indian planning. The brief history of Indian planning has been discussed. Most discussions around inclusive growth focus on patterns of income growth. Growth is deemed to be inclusive, depending on the extent to which poor men and women have benefited through increased income. Similarly, the UNDP emphasizes the importance of putting human development. It points to the sustainable human development achievements, and indeed long term growth. In this paper we try to examine the Indian track record of achieving human development via inclusive growth and also its shortcomings and also suggest various approaches to achieve sustainable economic development.

ANTROPOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA, GESTIÓN COOPERATIVA DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO HUMANO SUSTENTABLE

ANTROPOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA, GESTIÓN COOPERATIVA DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO HUMANO SUSTENTABLEEDUCATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY, COOPERATIVE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Mª Ángeles Delgado BurgosDoctora en Antropología Iberoamericana, Investigadora del CTRI-Universidad de Valladolid (España). angelesdb2@hotmail.comFuensanta Cerezo RamírezDoctora en Psicología, Profesora Titular Psicología de la Educación, Universidad de Murcia (España). fcerezo@um.esMarlene Jaramillo Argandoña, Profesora Titular de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Manta (Ecuador). marlojara_@hotmail.com ABSTRACTWe present three case studies conducted in different places and schools linked, first, to terminate the same question Would it be feasible in the educational environment to transform the community context it reaches positive indicators of sustainable human development? Second, the overall objective, enable cooperatively transform the context of student life, both in the educational space in the family, and socially, for the achievement of sustainable human development; and, ultimately, by the application of qualitative research technique action at Community level and strategy of dialogic-cooperative learning in academia. However, this link was broken by their dissimilar contextuality, so it was necessary, as the priority factor of our contribution, the practice of prior research on the lives of students, their families and the operation of the school, under the unifying hypothesis for the genesis and knowledge management could be shared by the community and educational space. In each of them the results were satisfactory, becoming visible in the progressive increase in interest of young people learning and the positive assessment of the community in the acquisition of knowledge for its cooperative transmission between the family and educationKeywords:Cooperative knowledge management; educational anthropology; knowledge; action research; sustainable human development.RESUMENPresentamos tres estudios de caso, realizados en diferentes lugares y centros escolares, vinculados, en primer lugar, por la resolución del mismo interrogante ¿Sería viable desde el ámbito educativo transformar el contexto comunitario para que éste alcance indicadores positivos de desarrollo humano sustentable? en segundo lugar, por la consecución del objetivo general, posibilitar el transformar de forma cooperativa el contexto de la vida del estudiante, tanto en el espacio educativo, en el familiar, como en el social, para la consecución del desarrollo humano sustentable; y, en último término, por la aplicación de la técnica cualitativa de la investigación-acción en el ámbito comunitario y de la estrategia del aprendizaje dialógico-cooperativo en el ámbito académico. Sin embargo, este vínculo estaba fracturado por su disímil contextualidad, por lo que fue preciso, por ser el factor prioritario de nuestra aportación, el ejercicio de la investigación previa de las condiciones de vida del estudiante, sus familias y del funcionamiento del centro educativo, bajo la hipótesis unificadora de que la génesis y gestión del conocimiento podía ser compartida por el espacio educativo y el comunitario. En cada uno de ellos los resultados fueron satisfactorios, haciéndose visibles en el aumento progresivo del interés de los jóvenes por el aprendizaje y en la valoración positiva de la comunidad en la adquisición del conocimiento por su transmisión cooperativa entre el ámbito familiar y el educativo.Palabras clave: Gestión cooperativa del conocimiento; antropología educativa; saberes; investigación-acción; desarrollo humano sustentable.

State of Human Development: SAARC and Nepal

<p>Human Development Index (HDI) is the strongest and widely used measure of overall performance of countries. The '2014 Human Development Report <strong>- </strong>Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience' provides a fresh perspective on vulnerability and proposes ways to strengthen resilience. It highlights the need for both promoting people’s choices and protecting human development achievements. It takes the view that vulnerability threatens human development and, unless it is systematically addressed, progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable. Based on the light of this recent report launched on 24 July, 2014, here in this study, an attempt has been made to global highlights of the report, comparison of SAARC countries and remarks on the status of Nepal.</p><p>Economic Literature Vol.12 2014: 50-55</p>

The Social Origins of Sustained Attention in One-Year-Old Human Infants

The ability to sustain attention is a major achievement in human development and is generallybelieved to be the developmental product of increasing self-regulatory and endogenous (i.e., internal, top-down, voluntary) control over one's attention and cognitive systems [1-5]. Because sustained attention in late infancy is predictive of future development, and because early deficits in sustained attention are markers for later diagnoses of attentional disorders [6], sustained attention is often viewed as a constitutional and individual property of the infant [6-9]. However, humans are social animals; developmental pathways for seemingly non-social competencies evolved within the social group and therefore may be dependent on social experience [10-13]. Here, we show that social context matters for the duration of sustained attention episodes in one-year-old infants during toy play. Using head-mounted eye tracking to record moment-by-moment gaze data from both parents and infants, we found that when the social partner (parent) visually attended to the object to which infant attention was directed, infants, after the parent's look, extended their duration of visual attention to the object. Looks to the same object by two social partners is a well-studied phenomenon known as joint attention, which has been shown to be critical to early learning and tothe development of social skills [14, 15]. The present findings implicate joint attention in the development of the child's own sustained attention and thus challenge the current understanding of the origins ofindividual differences in sustained attention, providing a new and potentially malleable developmental pathway to the self-regulation of attention.

Demographic perspectives of female genital mutilation

Purpose – This publication aims to document the most relevant features of the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in 23 African and six Arab countries. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple presentation of current levels; the main differences, according to background characteristics; and observed trends in the last 10-15 years. Considering past, current and future demographic dynamics helps identify possible scenarios for elimination. Design/methodology/approach – Data on FGM have been collected through Demographic Health Surveys since 1990, with about 50 surveys conducted in 23 countries with FGM concentrations, and through Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys since 2000, with about 31 surveys conducted in 18 countries with prevalent FGM. Reliable data on the practice are now available for all African countries where the practice is concentrated, plus Iraq and Yemen. Statistical information is currently not available for countries where FGM has been newly identified, such as India and Indonesia. Findings – Approximately 130 million girls have undergone FGM in countries where the practice remains prevalent. If programmatic interventions and resources remain the same or decline, over 15.2 million girls will be subject to FGM. However if the 17 target countries attain their respective annual rates of reduction, four million girls will have been protected from FGM. Demographic analysis of FGM demonstrates that it is a practice that occurs within specific socio-cultural parameters, such as place of residence, and reproductive health and status. Interventions focusing on abandonment should take into consideration gender inequalities, how manifest, exacerbating high fertility and very young populations. Research limitations/implications – Gender equality has a catalytic effect on the achievement of inclusive and progressive human development, good governance, sustained peace, and harmonious dynamics between environments and human populations – all of which are at the centre of sustainable development and human rights. Practical implications – The case studies focusing on Burkina Faso and Guinea show that characteristics such as the mother’s educational level and whether or not she experienced FGM, religious background and ethnicity provide valuable information in determining who is subject to FGM and defining the milieu in which they live. This information corroborates other studies finding that ethnic and religious background are strong determinants. Social implications – Presented analysis strongly highlights the importance of data in understanding the context within which FGM programmes operate, especially those that target local communities. Djibouti, with a rapidly growing urban population, should focus on prevention programmes in cities. A highly rural country such as Guinea-Bissau will take a different approach, as only a few ethnic groups practice FGM. Originality/value – This is one of the first attempts to analyse and have a better understanding of the demographic, social and economic context of the practice. It aims to highlight the population and development issues surrounding the social norms of FGM.