Athletic Achievement Research Articles

ПУБЛІЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ ТА СПОРТОМ: КРАЩІ СВІТОВІ ПРАКТИКИ

The American model is considered to be one of the most developed systems of public administration. The United States is one of the most developed democracies in the world. It should be noted that the leading countries of socio-economic development have high sports results. In general, the interaction of different public administrations is the basis of an effective system of public administration in the United States, which is reflected in the relationship between public authorities, the private sector, local governments and public associations. The United States is one of the leaders in world sports. The amount of funding for sports in the United States is one of the largest in the world. It is important to note that the specifics of the public sports management system in the United States is its interaction with the private sector. Each state has its own specifics of sports policy-making, but they are all based on the commercialization of sports development processes. The article identifies priorities for the development of physical culture and sports, the effectiveness of such development, leading countries, analyzes the classical approaches to building public administration systems, conducted a retrospective analysis, which identified effective models of public management of physical culture and sports. Thus, in the United States, sport is a multiplier industry that affects the development of other sectors of the economy: trade, hotels and restaurants, tourism, infrastructure construction and more. The country is developing primarily professional sports, focused on results. Professional sports are a profitable business that operates under the laws of the open market. This allows you to attract additional investment and increase the achievements of athletes. It was determined that the American model is characterized by the development of sports as a business structure, which determines the increase in compliance of the results with the costs involved in the development of physical culture and sports.

EVALUATION OF REGIONAL TRAINING CENTER PROGRAM (PUSLATDA) KONI SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE TO FACE UPON PON XIX JAWA BARAT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate context, input, process, and product of Puslatda program in South Sumatra at PON XIX 2016 in West Java. This research was an evaluation research. The subject of research, namely management of KONI south Sumatra, sport branch, trainers, and athletes of sports included in Puslatda program South Sumatra with the amount of 137 people. Data collection techniques used in this study was using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Sampling technique used for this study was purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study was using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis.The result of this study was concluded that the overall result of the evaluation ofPuslatdaprogram in South Sumatra to face upon PON XIX 2016 in West Java is in sufficient category. The explanation of the resultsare: (1) Context evaluation shows good category, clear program planning, presence of goals and objectives in Puslatda program, and vision and mission during Puslatda. (2) the evaluation of inputs is in sufficient category, (3) the evaluation of the process is in sufficient category, the suitability of implementation details of the program and many implementation activities are not in accordance with description of the program tasks; and (4) the evaluation of the products are showing the achievement of the overall Puslatda program is considered in poor category, judged from the achievements of South Sumatra athletes in PON XIX West Java which is not in accordance with the target.
 
 Keywords: Program Evaluation, Regional Training Center (PUSLATDA).

Mitigating Illusory Results through Preregistration in Education

ABSTRACTLike performance-enhancing drugs inflating apparent athletic achievements, several common social science practices contribute to the production of illusory results. In this article, we examine the processes that lead to illusory findings and describe their consequences. We borrow from an approach used increasingly by other disciplines—the norm of preregistering studies. Specifically, we examine how this practice of publicly posting documentation of one's prespecified hypotheses and other key decisions of a study prior to study implementation or data analysis could improve scientific integrity within education. In an attempt to develop initial guidelines to facilitate preregistrations in education, we discuss the types of studies that ought to be preregistered and the logistics of how educational researchers might execute preregistrations. We conclude with ideas for how researchers, reviewers, and the field of education more broadly might speed the adoption of this new norm.

Smiling assassins, brides-to-be and super mums: the importance of gender and celebrity in media framing of female athletes at the 2016 Olympic Games

The Olympic Games offer a rare opportunity for women in sport to receive broad media interest, with recognizable and familiar athletes receiving higher levels of attention by journalists during this media-event. This article reports on a case study of representations of three female athletes within the British print press during the 2016 Olympic Games. Nicola Adams (boxing), Charlotte Dujardin (dressage) and Jessica Ennis-Hill (heptathlon) were all gold medallists in 2012, so already had some celebrity in Britain prior to 2016, which journalists built on during the Games. Representations of these athletes were found to be highly ambivalent, praising their athletic achievements whilst simultaneously undermining their prowess through questioning the sport, level of competition, and individual athletic performances. Analysis illustrates the importance of celebrity and visibility to female athletes in receiving mainstream media attention, but such interest remains ambiguous and understated.

Research on Nutrition Athlete of Petanque North Sumatera

Nutrition is one of the factors that influences the achievement of Petanque athletes of NorthSumatra, so it is necessary to be considered and adjusted nutritional needs with physical activity duringthe training program.The aim of the study is to find about the nutritional status of Petanque athletes in The North ofSumatra in 2017.The research methodology is a descriptive method. The number of trial are fifteen peopleobtained through total sample techniques. The study was conducted at Petanque Dormitory HighSchool of Sport and Health Bina Guna Medan. Instrument used to see the athlete's nutritional status isby using Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement which measured height, weight, and age of eachathlete. In addition, also carried out questionnaires to the athletes who contained about the diet, diet,resting patterns and family background. The result of questionnaire is useful as input of this research.Furthermore, the measurement results are calculated using the formula BMI and then thecalculation results are converted with BMI table to determine the nutritional status of athletes, whetherin the state of lack, normal or obesity.Based on the calculation results obtained that the nutritional status of athletes Petanque NorthSumatra is in the normal category of 93% (14 people), while 7% (1 person) is in the category ofobesity.

Global marketing strategy in professional sports. Lessons from FC Bayern Munich

This study analyses the global marketing strategy developed by FC Bayern Munich, one of the most successful football clubs in terms of athletic achievements, financial performance and number of worldwide supporters. It aims to shed light on the efficacy of the club’s management in addressing the demands of the existing stakeholders as well as its rapidly expanding global fan base among other aspects. To achieve these goals, an in-depth analysis based on the study of technical reports, official websites, commissioned consultancy studies and surveys has been conducted. A series of interviews with academics and supporters was also conducted. Findings reveal that FC Bayern Munich has already taken strides towards addressing the needs of its original local supporter-owners as well as those of its global fans. Other points discussed include strategies to increase the target market, to become more international and to close important deals and sponsorships.

HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) LEBIH MENINGKATKAN AMBANG ANAEROBIK DARIPADA STEADY STATE TRAINING PADA SISWA ANGGOTA KELOMPOK EKSTRAKURIKULER ATLETIK LARI JARAK PENDEK

Anaerobic threshold is the level of oxygen consumption where lactate concentration in blood increasing rapidly and systemic. One of exercises which increase anaerobic threshold is high intensity interval training (HIIT), with training load over anaerobic threshold in a short time and interspersed with active recovery. Another form is steady state training (SST), with training load approaching anaerobic threshold constantly. The purpose of this study to determine differences in the effectiveness of HIIT and SST among students member of short distance running athletic extracurricular groups in Denpasar. This study is pre test and post test experimental group design for 6 weeks and three times a week. Samples included 24 people divided into 2 groups. Group 1 HIIT with the training load of 95% maximum heart rate and Group 2 SST with the training load 80% of maximum heart rate. Measurement of anaerobic threshold by determining Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) according to the Conconi track protocol. The results of the study in both groups obtained subjects 12-16 years old, male, body weight 50-65 kg, height 160-178 cm, and IMT from 16.33 to 22.27 kg / m2. Mean of anaerobic threshold before HIIT training 178.17 ± 2.368 x/minute, while after HIIT increased to 197.83 ± 3.460 x/minute. Mean of anaerobic threshold before SST 177.17 ± 1.586 x/minute, while after SST increased to 185.25 ± 1.288 x/minute. Test of different mean of anaerobic threshold pretest within Group 1 and Group 2 showed that p=0,237 (p>0,05). Test of different mean of increasing anaerobic threshold before and after training in Group 1 and Group 2 using Independent t-Test data test post two groups showed that p = 0.01 (p <0.05). Its concluded HIIT increase anaerobic threshold more than SST among students member of short distance running athletic extracurricular groups in Denpasar. Suggestions for this study are expected coaches able to provide proper training and monitoring methods HRDP evaluation in improving the achievement of athletes.

Transcribing the corporeal: physical feminism, autobiography and the intermedial

This article will analyse two autobiographies published by British athletes Jessica Ennis and Victoria Pendleton, who won gold medals (in the heptathlon and the keirin, a sprint cycling event, respectively) at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In the run-up to the Olympics, Ennis and Pendleton were often portrayed by the media as ‘poster girls’ for the British team. Their perceived physical attractiveness was frequently privileged over their athletic achievements, undercutting their physical feminist credentials. The first half of this article considers how the women negotiate their popular representations and seek to conform to norms of feminine comportment and objectifying media constructs. The second half of the article focuses on the potential for the autobiographies to provide counter-narratives to the limiting media representation of the women as icons of beauty. It examines the hitherto neglected roles played by photographs in sporting autobiographies. The autobiographies are read as intermedial and the complex interplay between text and image is analysed to investigate whether it is possible for the athletes to communicate something of their vital physicality through life-writing.

Mitigating Illusory Results Through Pre-Registration in Education

Like performance enhancing drugs inflating apparent athletic achievements, several common social science practices contribute to the production of illusory results. In this article, we examine the processes that lead to illusory findings and describe their consequences. Borrowing from an approach used increasingly by other disciplines—the norm of pre-registering studies—we examine how this practice could improve scientific integrity within education. As an initial attempt to develop guidelines that facilitate pre-registrations in education, we discuss the types of studies that ought to be pre-registered and the logistics of how educational researchers might execute pre-registrations. We conclude with ideas for how researchers, reviewers, and the field of education more broadly might speed the adoption of this new norm.

Amputation und Prothesenversorgung – die untere Extremität

Despite modern conservative and surgical procedures, the number of amputations of the lower limb remains at a consistently high level. With the demographic changes and the consequent prevalence of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, there is a steady increase of the risk factors that can lead to an amputation. The cause, which ultimately leads to the loss of the affected limb is therefore a symptom of the underlying disease. Primarily, the purpose of any medical treatment is the prevention of any amputation. If the preservation of the limb is not achievable, the surgical procedure follows. In principle the preparation of the stump should be as peripheral as possible. The actual prosthetic fitting starts with the dimension and the impression (negative-copy) of the prosthesis a few weeks following surgery. The technical requirements of a prosthesis will depend on the degree of mobility and the medical history of the patient. Prosthetic adjustments are available for all amputation levels and activities. The essential basic modules of a modern prosthesis can be combined and exchanged freely, so as to allow a change of function, form and axis. The aim of rehabilitation is the full reintegration into daily life. Especially young patients can provide amazing professional and athletic achievements.

Status, Stress and Performance in Track and Field Athletes during the European Games in Baku (Azerbaijan)

This study analyzes the relationship between salivary cortisol and testosterone levels and performance in track and field athletes. In addition, we analyzed the influence of status among athletes (measured based on previous athletic achievement) on hormone levels. Nineteen members of the Austrian track and field team (eleven males, eight females, 25.9 ± 3.9 years of age, 74.9 ± 20.1 kg, and 179.3 ± 10 cm) participated in this study. Data was collected during the European Games in Baku. Athletes delivered saliva samples at various time-points including morning samples and samples directly before and after the competition. Scoring points of the International Association of Athletics Federation were used as an individual measure of relative performance. We found that performance was negatively correlated with rise in testosterone concentrations in the last 24 h prior to the competition. A similar trend was found for cortisol levels, but only when the three least competitive athletes were removed from analysis. Pre-competition cortisol levels were significantly increased compared to measurements 24 h earlier. No effect of status on cortisol or testosterone increase in the same timeframe was found. We conclude that the tournament represented a stressor and that excessive endocrine response was associated with reduced performance.

Jocks versus jockettes: An analysis of the visual portrayal of male and female cover models on sports magazines

There are known gender-based disparities in sports news coverage. However, few have examined how these disparities manifest in sports news visuals such as sports magazine covers. Therefore, this study examined pertinent dynamics among all covers published to date for both Sports Illustrated and ESPN The Magazine. The study examined sexualization, camera angle, and nonverbal communication cues and their interplay with gender. Women appearing on the covers were likelier than men to be portrayed in a sexualized manner, in terms of skin exposure and suggestive poses. Men were likelier to be portrayed in active poses, and the cover lines emphasized gender over athletic achievement for women. The results also indicate that women were more likely to be portrayed smiling, as well as being portrayed in more positive camera angle shots. The author discusses the ramifications of gendered portrayal regarding sports magazines.

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHERY ACHIEVEMENT ON PERPANI (ARCHERY ASSOCIATION OF INDONESIA) ON KLATEN DISTRICT

This research aims to know the achievement development of archery sport in Perpani Klaten. Up to now, Klaten is known as a storehouse of talented archer who dominate archery branch in the national championship and started competing in international championships such as the Sea Games and OPEN. From some of the achievements of Archery athletes, Klaten is not as bright as supporting factors the training of the athletes. There are still weaknesses that have not been considered by the local government in Perpani Klaten in coaching achievement. This research is qualitative and descriptive and is using a qualitative approach, observation, analysis of document and interview. Data sources in this research are the board of KONI, board of Perpani, coaches, and athletes in archery Klaten regency. The result of this research is associated with the development of perpani Klaten achievement that includes organizational structure, funding, coaching accomplishments, and infrastructure. Method which has been used in the execution of achievement Perpani Klaten has been very good but there are still weaknesses that need to be repaired and enhanced in getting achievement. Based on this research, research concluded that: the development of archery achievement in Perpani klaten is been very good. It can be seen from the organizational structure, funding, coaching achievements, as well as the infrastructure that has been investigated. Article visualizations:

The coverage of female athletes at London 2012 summer games in Turkish sports media

Female athletes and women’s sports were disregarded or ignored by the media in many countries including Turkey. The purpose of this research was to analyze the gender role portrayals of female athletes in the Turkish news media. A content analysis was conducted in 1001 articles covering the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games by two Turkish sports newspapers, Fanatik and Fotomaç. Findings revealed that Turkish sports media favoured male athletes in general, in terms of number of articles devoted to them. Female athletes were depicted as mostly participating in individual sports, both in the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (71.6% and 95.2%, respectively). Athletic achievement was mostly covered in the content of articles (n=575). While athletes participating in the Olympic Games were depicted as active in articles for both genders, athletes participating in the Paralympic Games were depicted as passive.

Діагностика аеробного компоненту функціональної підготовленості футболістів високої кваліфікації

Considerable importance for the control system, selection and orientation of the players on the stage long-term preparation plays a selection of effective methods of testing the various components of functional fitness athlete for timely, objective information about the players. The use of reliable scientific methods of effective monitoring of the athlete contributes to the further improvement of skills, increase athletic achievements. The purpose of this article is to describe and summarize modern methods of diagnosis and development of aerobic component of operational preparedness players qualifications. This article describes methods that actively and effectively used in leading European football teams. Specifically Yo-Yo test, test Shuttle (beep-test), Bangsbo test, test Hoff-Helgerud, test Conconi, Wingate-test. These tests have a high level of reliability and security mechanisms for assessing aerobic power players.

Women Are a Problem

Media coverage of Title IX over the past several decades has both praised the law and the achievements of female athletes who have benefited from it and highlighted claims that men’s college sports have been the unanticipated victims of the effort to increase opportunities for women. This study sought to understand how coverage of the debate in 1974–1975 over the Title IX regulations helped shape discourse about the law with regard to intercollegiate athletics. Through a combination of archival research and qualitative media analysis, I identified arguments made by Title IX critics and advocates and analyzed coverage of the debate in the New York Times and the Washington Post, paying particular attention to the presence or absence of what Dunja Antunovic called conflict and celebratory narratives. I found that conflict narratives that reflected concerns of Title IX critics overwhelmed celebratory narratives as well as anticommercialism narratives that I also detected. I concluded that these newspapers allowed critics, led by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to shape the discourse about the meaning of Title IX and its consequences, thereby reinforcing male dominance of the American sport culture and missing an opportunity to question the commercialization of intercollegiate athletics.

The Champion’s Creed: Shared Values of Athletes and Academicians

Although the pursuit of sports may be dismissed as unimportant by those in the academic fields, sports are pervasive, and in our society, elite athletes are revered. There are lessons to be appreciated from the training journey and ultimate achievements of such athletes, which parallel the development and sustainment of the academic radiologist on many fronts, including educational training, clinical work, the pursuit of research, and for some, the culmination of a career in a leadership role.

Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults

This study assessed whether between-sex differences in concussion reporting intention and behavior among young adults are explained by the extent to which the individual conforms to traditional masculine norms that often characterize contemporary sport culture. A survey of college athletes in the United States (n = 328) found greater symptom reporting intention among females as compared to males, but no difference in their likelihood continued play while experiencing symptoms of a possible concussion. Greater conformity to the norms of risk-taking was associated with greater likelihood of continued play while symptomatic among female athletes but not among male athletes. These findings suggest that gendered behavior, rather than biologically determined sex, is an important consideration for concussion safety in this age group. Addressing elements of the contemporary sport ethos that reinforce risk taking in service of athletic achievement may be a relevant direction for interventions aimed at improving injury reporting among all athletes.

"A More Equitable Society": The Politics of Global Fairness in Paralympic Sport.

The Paralympic Movement explicitly sets out to create a more equitable society and promote participation for all and fairness in disability sport. This is primarily achieved through the use of a range of interventions with less attention given to how economic factors may hinder access and achievement in Paralympic sport. We investigated how country-level economic variables influence the level of participation and achievement in the 2015 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Athletics Championships held in Doha. We used multiple regression analysis to show how levels of participation and achievement in the Championships were significantly determined by economic factors independent of population size.Our data show that in spite of the ideals of inclusion and fairness within the Paralympic Movement and the considerable effort expended on the use of technologies to achieve this, economic factors continue to exert a statistically significant influence on both the level of participation and achievement of Paralympic athletes. LMICs participate at lower levels and achieve fewer medals when compared to HICs. These differences are particularly marked in events that have a high cost of participation. Our findings raise questions regarding the use of current technologies and the level to which they are able to truly disrupt the politics of global inequality in sport.

Enacting Masculinities in a Contemporary Subcultural Sporting Event: A Gendered Critique

ABSTRACTSport participation and alcohol consumption have been widely examined in analyses of masculinity and implicated in perpetuating hegemonic masculinity in Western cultures. This article addresses a variant of the “Beer Mile,” a ritualistic event that has emerged as an ancillary to major triathlons in Australia. In this context, the Beer Mile is an unsanctioned event simultaneously fusing sport participation and alcohol consumption, intended as a jocular celebration of athletic achievement. This research utilises a case study research design employing multiple qualitative methods to critique gender-based discursive practices and online discourse surrounding the Beer Mile. Analysis revealed the Beer Mile as a masculine-dominated space reinforcing normative assumptions on gender binaries and hierarchies. Numerous constraints to women's participation and implicit endorsement of the sport-alcohol nexus were identified, which may undermine broader efforts in promoting the sport of triathlon through notions of egalitarianism, inclusiveness, and healthy lifestyles.