Scientific Achievements Research Articles

Investigating the Effects of Different Model Based Inquiries on Students’ Science Achievement, Scientific Process Skills and Motivation

Investigating the Effects of Different Model Based Inquiries on Students’ Science Achievement, Scientific Process Skills and Motivation

Dynamic changes of views on the use of progesterone for the prevention of premature birth

The problem of premature birth (PB) has existed since ancient times, although a scientific approach was not immediately applied to it. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the condition of prematurity and disorders in newborns, which were associated with reduced intrauterine development, was defined as “lack of energy and vitality” or “weak breathing” in babies.Of course, this approach led to high rates of perinatal mortality at the time, which gave scientists the impetus to delve more deeply into the study of the problem of the development of premature labor. Since that time, the achievements of science and technology have been actively used every decade to improve the conditions and opportunities for the birth of newborns, as evidenced by the birth rate of newborns with a body weight of about 500 g.But, recalling the well-known saying of Hippocrates: “It is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it”, it was necessary to turn to the issues of prematurity prevention, to delve into the study of the mechanisms of occurrence and the possibilities of eliminating the threat of premature labor. And, in contrast to the successes on the front of baby care, PB still remains a condition that can be prevented quite rarely, despite advances in medicine and tenth of studied mechanisms for triggering spontaneous labor in less than 36 weeks of gestation.Approaches to prevent PB today have two main directions: the use of progesterone drugs and mechanical impact on the cervix by using an obstetric pessary or cervical cerclage. Recommendations on the optimal choice of management tactics, advice on the use of this or that method of prevention in a specific woman with progressive cervical insufficiency are updated every few years.However, taking into account the globally unchanged frequency of PB, it is quite logical that in practice it may be difficult for doctors to find an optimal approach that would help, firstly, to clearly state the need for medical care for pregnant women; secondly, to choose the most effective method to stop the structural preparation of the cervix for childbirth; and thirdly, to avoid unjustified use of medical interventions and prescriptions in pregnant women.This article reviews the latest views of different schools of obstetrician-gynecologists on the use of progesterone in different groups of women for the PB prevention, their recommendations and controversies, as well as problems that remain unresolved and require further analysis to ensure a favorable course of pregnancy and prevent the development of PB.

Professor Alexander Pisarchik: scientific achievements and 70 years of productive activity

3 June 2024 marks the 70th birthday of Alexander Nikolayevich Pisarchik, a brilliant researcher of international renown in the field of laser physics, nonlinear dynamics and its applications in brain sciences.

THE MANIFESTATIONS OF LINGUISTIC RICHNESSIN ARABIC VOCABULARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Every language has a wealth of vocabulary. However, this wealth varies from one language to another. Arabic is described as one of the most linguistically rich languages what qualified it to transmit the last message of heaven to earth (the Holy Quran), It carried the light of civilisation to Europe in the Dark Ages of the Middle Ages. Moreover, it was able to preserve for mankind the sciences of previous nations, then it became a pot for its outstanding scientific achievements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, etc. In addition to the pure Arabic sciences that arose with the dawn of Islam to preserve and understand the constitution of this nation, the Holy Quran. This enormous stock of Arabic vocabulary needs scientific treatment to identify the manifestations of its richness. Some make this enormous stock a point of pride that indicates the richness of the language by counting and listing it. On the contrary, others consider this abundance to be a burden that needs to be apologised for. The research concluded that the manifestations of linguistic richness in the Arabic vocabulary in terms of quantity are represented in its phonological diversity, its understood structure, and its abundant roots. As for the quality, is apparent in the accuracy of its semantics and the flexibility of its use.

AUTHENTIC VIDEO IN TEACHING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

In the article, the author analyses the scientific achievements of Ukrainian linguodidactics in the field of theoretical and practical comprehension of working with authentic audiovisual materials as an additional teaching source in the study of foreign language. Numerous publications by Ukrainian scholars on this topic (from the early 2000s to the present day) are divided into 3 groups. The first group of articles focuses on the general issues of using the audiovisual method in the process of developing foreign language communicative competence. The second group of studies includes articles reviewing the most frequent “audiovisual practices” in the course of UFL. The third group of articles is in-depth research on working with certain genres of authentic video for foreign audiences. The range of genres of authentic video products that can be used for educational purposes in the process of mastering UFL is outlined. These include feature films, documentaries, animated films, informative and entertaining TV programmes (news release, video interviews, academic lectures, video presentations, virtual tours of museums and cities of Ukraine, video blogs, TV shows, stand-up comedy, etc.), video messages from public figures, advertising blocks, trailers, music videos, etc. It is emphasized that among the above, Ukrainian methodologists pay the most attention to films of various genres (primarily short films). The article highlights the key issues that Ukrainian film didactics is working on. The article analyses the scientific studies of Ukrainian methodologists on the use of other genres of authentic video for linguodidactic purposes – video interviews, song videos, commercials, virtual tours, professional videos, etc. The author presents her own comments on the stated topic and outlines issues for the future. It is emphasised that working with authentic video requires the teacher to understand the specific purpose of its use in the classroom, knowledge of the repertoire of Ukrainian authentic material and its linguistic and didactic potential, and special methodological study for presentation in a foreign language audience. Key words: authentic video, genre, listening, Ukrainian as a foreign language, linguodidactics.

The Impact of Using Educational and Digital Games on Middle School Students Science Achievement

The Impact of Using Educational and Digital Games on Middle School Students Science Achievement

The eTIMSS and TIMSS Measurement Invariance Study: Multigroup Factor Analyses and Differential Item Functioning Analyses with the 2019 Cycle

In this study, measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF) studies of the TIMSS 2019 4th and 8th-grade mathematics and science achievement tests were conducted for the country groups participating in both TIMMS and eTIMMS. The study sample consisted of 9560 responders of the first booklet of the 2019 cycle. Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) was utilized to test measurement invariance, and Mantel-Haenszel (MH), Logistic Regression (LR), and SIBTEST were used for the DIF analyses. The measurement invariance results indicated strict invariance between groups for all subtests which included 111 items in total. In the DIF analyses, for the 4th and 8th-grade mathematics subtests, only three items showed moderate DIF with MH, and four items showed DIF with SIBTEST. For the 4th-grade science subtest, one item showed moderate DIF with both MH and SIBTEST. However, in the 8th-grade science subtest, no items showed DIF with MH and LR methods, while four items showed moderate DIF with SIBTEST. Overall, MH and SIBTEST techniques were in agreement, whereas LR method produced inconsistent results and showed disagreement with these two methods. The results of the measurement invariance analysis and the LR method were consistent and indicated equivalency of TIMMS and e-TIMMS scores.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS WORKING WITH STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The article deals with the problems of professional development of teachers working with students with intellectual disabilities. The main challenges faced by teachers are outlined, including insufficient training, limited access to specialized trainings and seminars, and lack of proper support from the administrations of educational institutions. It is analyzed that the problem of professional competence and professional growth of teachers is gaining a separate development within the framework of inclusive education. It has been determined that the formation of such competence of an inclusive classroom teacher requires systematic scientific and methodological work and is the basis for professional growth and improvement of the teacher’s skills. It has been found that the process of continuous self-improvement and self-education plays a key role in the formation of professional self-awareness, further growth, contributing to the formation of a unique creative personality. The author outlines the personality's abilities for professional achievement and psychological conditions for the teacher's independent work on this problem. It is experimentally proved that the psychological readiness of the teacher for inclusive education has a positive impact on the self-perception of students with special educational needs and on the psychological positive climate in the children's team. Ways to solve these problems and challenges and to establish the basis for further development of the professional development system for teachers working with students with intellectual disabilities are presented. Strategies for the development of professional self-awareness are proposed that require a special education teacher to study the ways of communication in the classroom, friendly and empathetic attitude towards children, psychological control in the interaction between teachers and students, implementation of ways to modify the content of education in accordance with the psychological characteristics and possibilities of implementing this content for children with special educational needs. It is noted that for teachers of inclusive education it is necessary to organize and carry out, on the basis of self-analysis, their personal qualities, systematic improvement and comprehension of their own results as well as scientific and practical achievements in professional growth. It is proposed to deepen the work on the development of professional self-awareness in higher education institutions.

Quantum Learning to Improve the Fourth Graders’ Science Achievement in An Elementary School

This study aims to increase the science learning achievement. The subjects of this study were 20 students of fourth grade students at Imogiri Elementary School, who used Quantum Learning model. The research design refers to the classroom action research which takes place in two cycles. Data collection through tests, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. At the natural syntax of Quantum Learning model, the teacher provides examples of real 3-dimensional models to students and the division into more heterogeneous groups. In the naming activity, the teacher explains the learning material using two languages, namely Indonesian and a foreign language. At the demonstrate syntax the teacher directs students to convey the results of their discussion in turn. The success criteria are if ≥ 75% of the total number of students get a score ≥ 75. This research shows the results of an increase in science learning achievement after using Quantum Learning. In cycle I the average student learning achievement was 73.25 then increased to 83.50 in cycle II. Based on this, it can be concluded that Quantum Learning can improve the science learning achievement of class IV students.

How to effectively promote the transformation of ecological and environmental scientific and technological achievements? A case study from China

How to effectively promote the transformation of ecological and environmental scientific and technological achievements? A case study from China

F. Mason Sones Jr.: The Serendipitous Discovery of Coronary Angiography and Its Lasting Impact on Cardiology.

F. Mason Sones Jr. (1918-1985) was a pioneering cardiologist whose groundbreaking work revolutionized the field of cardiology. His accidental discovery of coronary angiography in 1958 at the Cleveland Clinic provided physicians with the first clear visualization of coronary arteries in living patients, paving the way for the development of coronary artery bypass surgery and interventional cardiology. This review article explores F. Mason Sones Jr.'s life and career, and his lasting impact on the field of cardiology. Born in Noxapater, MS, in 1918, F. Mason Sones Jr.attended Western Maryland College (Westminster, MD) and the University of Maryland School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD) before completing his internship and residency at the University Hospital (Baltimore, MD) and Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, MI), respectively. After serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, F. Mason Sones Jr.joined the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH), in 1950, as the head of pediatric cardiology, where he combined his expertise in cardiac catheterization with his interest in congenital heart disease. F. Mason Sones Jr.'s serendipitous discovery of coronary angiography occurred during a routine cardiac catheterization procedure when he inadvertently injected contrast dye directly into the right coronary artery. Realizing that smaller amounts of dye could safely opacify the coronary arteries, F. Mason Sones Jr. refined and standardized the technique of selective coronary angiography, collaborating with engineers to improve X-ray imaging and establishing protocols that remain the standard of care today. F. Mason Sones Jr.'s work provided the foundation for the development of coronary artery bypass surgery by Dr. René Favaloro and the birth of interventional cardiology, as pioneered by Dr. Andreas Gruentzig. As the director of cardiovascular disease at the Cleveland Clinic (1966-1975), F. Mason Sones Jr. mentored and inspired a generation of cardiologists, cementing his legacy as a visionary leader in the field. Throughout his career, F. Mason Sones Jr. received numerous awards and honors, including the American Medical Association's Scientific Achievement Award and the Gairdner Foundation International Award. He co-founded and served as the first president of the Society for Cardiac Angiography (now SCAI), an organization dedicated to advancing the field of interventional cardiology. This review article pays tribute to F. Mason Sones Jr.'s enduring contributions to the field of cardiology, highlighting his role as a pioneer, innovator, and mentor. His legacy continues to inspire and guide generations of cardiologists in their pursuit of improving patient care and pushing the boundaries of cardiovascular medicine.

Bayesian causal forests for multivariate outcomes: application to Irish data from an international large scale education assessment

Abstract Bayesian Causal Forests (BCF) is a causal inference machine learning model based on the flexible non-parametric regression and classification tool, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). Motivated by data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which includes data on student achievement in both mathematics and science, we present a multivariate extension of the BCF algorithm. With the help of simulation studies, we show that our approach can accurately estimate causal effects for multiple outcomes subject to the same treatment. We apply our model to Irish data from TIMSS 2019. Our findings reveal the positive effects of having access to a study desk at home (Mathematics ATE 95% CI: [−0.50, 10.14]) while also highlighting the negative consequences of students often feeling hungry at school (Mathematics ATE 95% CI: [−8.86, −1.56] , Science ATE 95% CI: [−10.35, −0.94]) or often being absent (Mathematics ATE 95% CI: [−11.88, −2.27]). Code for replicating the results can be found at https://github.com/Nathan-McJames/MVBCF-Paper.

Promoting reading, mathematics and science learning: the role of reading achievement and reading interest / Fomento del aprendizaje lector, matemático y científico: el papel del rendimiento lector y del interés por la lectura

Reading, mathematics and science are important subjects in the compulsory educational stage. Promoting students’ learning in these subjects has become a focus. Early reading achievement and reading interest may play a critical role. Using two waves of data collected from 2,722 Chinese students in Grade 4 and Grade 6, the study investigated the longitudinal within-domain relationship between reading achievement and reading interest, as well as their cross-domain effects on mathematics and science. The results of the structural equation model showed that reading achievement and reading interest were mutually reinforced over time. Except for the path from reading achievement to science interest, the two reading-related constructs in Grade 4 positively predicted achievement and interest in mathematics and science in Grade 6. The findings underline the significance for primary schools to cultivate proficient reading skills and positive reading attitudes in promoting students’ long-term learning in reading, mathematics and science.

EXPLORING THE SYNERGY OF TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: AN OVERVIEW OF PROFESSOR JOANICJUSZ NAZARKO’S 45-YEAR SCIENTIFIC JOURNEY

This article presents Professor Joanicjusz Nazarko’s outstanding achievements in research, scientific cooperation, teaching and organizational work, in celebration of the 45th jubilee of his scientific work. Over the years, Professor Nazarko has contributed significantly to the development of technical and social sciences in Poland. He authored more than 300 publications, which constitutes a substantial knowledge base on its own. Using bibliometric and statistical methods and techniques, we present an overview of Professor’s most important scientific achievements and major works. We also highlight his efforts to establish a national and international network for scientific cooperation. Lastly, we present his didactic successes. This jubilee serves as the opportunity to recognize and honour Professor Joanicjusz Nazarko’s significant contribution to the development of science in Poland.

On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of professor Alexander Alekseevich Shutov`s birth

The life and professional path of Alexander Alekseevich Shutov, the Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, the head of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, are described in the article, as well as his scientific achievements, contribution to the organization of the university’s work, success in training of scientists, educators and neurologists of the Perm Region.

Performance Evaluation of School Enterprise Collaborative Innovation and Practice of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Based on the Improved AHP Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Under the influence of the COVID-19, great changes have taken place in China’s economic structure and market subjects and college students are facing difficulties in employment. By carrying out collaborative innovation between schools and enterprises, cultivating high-quality talents to meet social needs has become an important way to solve difficulties. Based on the input-process-output principle, a performance evaluation index system for collaborative innovation is constructed, which includes 3 primary indicators and 22 secondary indicators. The weights of each indicator are determined using improved AHP. A mathematical model for evaluating the performance of school enterprise collaborative innovation is established using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation value of the innovation and entrepreneurship education case project is 0.82, indicating that the overall operation is in good condition. The cooperation between schools and enterprises has created a favorable atmosphere and accumulated rich experience for carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education. Good results have been achieved in talent cultivation and scientific and technological output, but there are also problems such as low conversion rates of scientific and technological achievements. Based on the evaluation results, the article proposes suggestions to improve the performance of collaborative innovation between schools and enterprises. The research results provide theoretical reference for the performance evaluation of school enterprise collaborative innovation and the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COACHING APPROACH IN THE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ACQUIRES FOR YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Тhe publication summarizes the scientific achievements of fundamental research on counseling students of professional (vocational and technical) education in youth entrepreneurship. The essence of the coaching approach as an effective basis for preparing students of vocational education for entrepreneurship is substantiated. Coaching strategies for advising students of professional education in youth entrepreneurship are characterized based on the understanding of entrepreneurship as a real opportunity to contribute to the development of society and the awareness of an entrepreneur as an energetic and proactive person, a generator of interesting ideas, capable of qualitatively organizing the implementation of these ideas and achieving success in the initiated case

Опыт повседневности и проблема онтолого-эпистемологического статуса структур научной рациональности

The experience of everyday life is defined by quite specific value-oriented goals, whereas the “inventions” of scientific rationality (mathematics, mathematical natural science, techno-science) remain neutral with regard to the needs of human existence. The resulting possibilities and numerous facts of using scientific achievements in subjective individual or group interests necessitate the search for conditions that allow reliance on axiologically meaningful, intellectually traditional, and perceptually experienced “axioms of common sense”. Difficulties in interpreting structures of reflective thinking of scientific rationality in terms of cognitive practices of everyday experience are substantially minimized in the context of their analysis as expressions of the conflict between “naturally arisen” and “artificially created” (K. Marx) formations of consciousness, taking into account some ideas put forward in the concepts of the “life-world” (E. Husserl), techniques of expressing objectivity in acts of consciousness (R. Descartes, E. Husserl), and “language games” (L. Wittgenstein). In conclusion, the integration of everyday life experience and scientific rationality offers fertile ground for philosophical inquiry and theoretical synthesis. By elucidating the ontological and epistemological dimensions of cognitive structures, we can deepen our understanding of human consciousness and its role in shaping our perception of reality. Further research in this area promises to shed light on the complex interplay between subjective experience and objective knowledge.

PENSION STRATEGIES OF UNWILLING JOINING PENSION PLANS: AN ISSUE OF A RATIONAL CHOICE

This article presents the analysis of Russian «silencers» participation in mandatory pension accumulation. The paper examines the peculiarities of pension strategies of the Russians in forming a funded pension with automatic enrolment through an interdisciplinary approach and methods of statistical data analysis. Based on the achievements of economic science of neoclassical, institutional and behavioral directions, the author argues that the use of such methodological prerequisites as rationality and irrationality of individuals leads to an oversimplification of the relationship between behavioral strategies and their results. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of “silent” pension strategies through the prism of irrationality and rationality and to assess the consequences of passive participation strategy in the Russian pension process in the 2000s. The article examines the works of foreign and Russian scientists on pension programs with automatic enrolment, while the factual base is presented by materials of the Federal state statistics service and Russian Pension Fund. The article provides an overview of prior works on аutomatic enrolment to retirement plans in the United States and other foreign countries: it reveals critical remarks on the practice of automatic enrolment and reveals the problems of using automatic enrolment in the pension process. The author argues that the economic behavior of the Russian «silent» is primarily due to the specifics of institutional environment as well as the level of trust in the state and financial institutions. It has been established that irrationality and financial illiteracy are not always the primary causes of “silent accession” strategy. The conclusions and proposals of the work can be used for further research in pension strategies and the development of pension policy in Russia.

FOSTERING KEY VALUES OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY THROUGH THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AT POLTAVA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Academic integrity serves as the cornerstone of an individual's moral character and their approach to scholarly endeavors. It reflects the moral values that students bring with them to higher education institutions, aiming to enhance and refine them throughout their academic journey and beyond. This article aims to explore the principles underlying the development of academic integrity among teachers, lecturers, and its implementation in the scholarly and educational activities of higher education institutions. Lecturers serve as the primary examples of academic integrity for students. Their commitment to ethical standards, honesty, and openness in discussing ethical issues can influence students and serve as a model for their behavior. At Poltava State Medical University (PSMU), a repository has been established as a platform for showcasing teachers' scientific achievements, publications, research, and other academic accomplishments. Additionally, a bioethics commission oversees adherence to data collection and processing rules, animal experimentation, and the use of new technologies, fostering a conducive atmosphere in line with the ethical standards of academic integrity at PSMU. The patent department at PSMU oversees research ethics, citation rules, and plagiarism prevention, providing educational support, consultation, and assistance in developing intellectual property standards. The university's website offers online resources that encourage teachers to take greater responsibility for their actions and achievements. By making achievements publicly accessible, PSMU promotes adherence to ethical and quality standards among faculty members. Thus, fostering a virtuous academic environment requires a comprehensive approach that includes proper regulatory and legal frameworks, as well as organizational and preventive-educational measures. Establishing an educational environment based on academic integrity for future professionals enables high-quality outcomes, thereby shaping competitive specialists in the global market of social services.