Achievement In Japan Research Articles

When spermatogenesis of Cycas revoluta was discovered!

AbstractCycads have a unique phylogenetic position within the gymnosperms which is most typically recognized by the production of motile sperm. The formation of sperm in Cycas revoluta was discovered in 1896 by Seiichiro Ikeno. This discovery and that of Ginkgo biloba by Sakugoro Hirase represent the first great scientific achievements in Japan after the Meiji Restoration. The role of Seiichiro Ikeno in these achievements is highlighted in this review. Later, he became a pioneer in the introduction of genetics and genetic studies in Japan. Throughout his life, he devoted himself to scientific studies.

Economic achievement of immigrants in Japan: Examining the role of country‐of‐origin and host‐country‐specific human capital in an inflexible labor market

AbstractThe economic integration of immigrants is a salient social issue in Japan. Although the US immigration literature has stressed the importance of host‐country‐specific human capital over country‐of‐origin human capital for immigrants, previous studies in Japan have shown mixed results about the effects of these two types of human capital on the economic integration of immigrants. The mixed results might be because previous studies focused on only specific immigrant groups (with regard to nationalities, cities, and visa status), human capital variables, and dimensions of economic achievements in the Japanese labor market. The segmented nature of the Japanese labor market structure and immigration policies create different pathways to “economic achievements” of immigrants depending on the dimension of “economic achievements” studied. By conducting a nationally representative social survey of Japanese immigrants, we examined the association between the two types of human capital (i.e., country‐of‐origin and host‐country‐specific) and the three indicators of labor market success: employment status and firm size, occupational status, and income. Our results indicate that host‐country‐specific human capital in the form of higher education and language proficiency is important for all three indicators of economic achievement in Japan, while country‐of‐origin human capital in the form of higher education and vocational skills is transferable to some extent. Our results suggest that the significance of human capital in immigrants' economic success is determined not only by the structure of the labor market but also by immigration policies.

Longitudinal Relations Among Executive Function, Theory of Mind, and Japanese Language Skills Achievement in Elementary School: A 4-year Longitudinal Study.

This longitudinal study investigated the roles of elementary schoolers' executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) as predictors in their academic achievements in Japanese language skills (e.g., speaking and listening ability, writing ability, reading ability, and linguistic knowledge) from first through fifth grade. We assessed the EF, ToM, and academic achievements of 85 Japanese elementary schoolers, when they were grade 1 (M = 90.19months) and grade 3 (M = 114.34months). Moreover, academic achievements of same children tested in grade 5 (M = 137.92months). A path analysis revealed that EF abilities in Grades 1 and 3 predicted Japanese language achievement via ToM ability, and EF and ToM in Grade 1 had an indirect effect on achievements in Grades 3 and 5. Further, Japanese language skills achievement in Grade 1 predicted EF ability in Grade 3 and EF predicted achievement in Grade 5. These findings indicate the vital role of elementary schoolers' EF on academic achievement in Japan.

History of medical physics.

Medical physics began with the development of safe handling of radium, such as protecting medical personnel from radiation when radium radiation is used to treat cancer. By the end of World War II, the field of medical physics had expanded to the development of safe and reliable treatments for cancer with radiation and quantification of radiation dose, which is called dosimetry that is required to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The rapid development of nuclear technology during World War II made it possible to use large amounts of radioisotopes (RI) produced in nuclear reactors, and the medical use of RI gave birth to clinical nuclear medicine. Since knowledge and skills in radiation measurement and RI handling were required for the development and clinical use of its equipment, nuclear medicine physics was added to medical physics after the war. The invention of computed tomography (CT) in 1972 had a great impact on clinical medicine, while the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began around that time. As a result, the development of CT and MRI, as well as the study of their image characteristics, which had not necessarily been regarded as the field of medical physics before, was added to that field as radiation diagnostic physics. This review outlines the history of developments in medical physics, and touches on the first medical physicists in Europe and the United States. It also briefly explains the beginning of medical physics and the world-class medical physics achievements in Japan.

AFFECTIVE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN AND EAST ASIAN EIGHTH GRADERS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN TIMSS 2015

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study that has been implemented by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) since 1995. This proposed study is aimed to identify the affective factors contributing to eighth graders' science achievement in TIMSS among Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The freely-downloadable secondary data were analyzed using IEA's International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) for TIMSS, a plug-in for SPSS. TIMSS uses an imputation methodology, involving plausible values, to report student performance. This study found that students' views on engaging teaching in science (BSBGESL) were negatively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Thailand, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong SAR. Students Like Learning Science (BSBGSLS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong SAR, and Chinese Taipei. Students Confident in Science (BSBGSCS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Korea, Japan, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Singapore. Students Value Science (BSBGSVS) was positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Japan, Korea, Thailand, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, and Malaysia. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies. Keywords: TIMSS, comparative study, affective factors, science achievement

0618 What are the Benefits of Remote Monitoring Polysomnography

Abstract Introduction The use of information and communication technology (ICT) for sleep testing is mainly aimed at improving the accuracy of out-of-center sleep testing (OCST) by remote monitoring. In this study, as the first achievement in Japan, we report the results of our sleep medical clinic and hospital unit. For the diagnosis of sleep disorders, monitoring polysomnography (PSG) attending sleep technologist is the gold standard and is positioned as Type I. On the other hand, diagnosis using OCST has become acceptable because many patients can be diagnosed quickly and cost can be reduced.When using Type II devices that measure electroencephalogram at home, the measurement accuracy is inevitable, including poor recording, because it is performed in a non-monitoring situation. As an attempt to improve this situation, our clinic and hospital unit have established a remote monitoring PSG system that can be upgraded from Type II to Type I level by remote monitoring by a sleep technologist to ensure recording accuracy. Methods During the period from April 2004 to December 2017, a total of 286 remote monitoring PSGs were performed by dedicated sleep technologists at the Ota Memorial Sleep Center for patients admitted to a private room at Ota General Hospital. Results The breakdown of the reasons for requesting remote monitoring tests is about 30% of patients scheduled to undergo surgerysuch as palatine tonsillectomy or soft palate plastic surgery the next day, and 24% of hospitalized patients with risky complications %, 17% of patients expected to have a high probability of nighttime seizures and abnormal behavior, and 15% were physically disabled or paralyzed. Conclusion Our remote monitoring PSG system is effectively used in the clinic for the general hospital for patients who need nighttime safety management and nursing management. Support non

A Framework of Simulation and Gaming for Enhancing Community Resilience Against Large-Scale Earthquakes: Application for Achievements in Japan

Background. The significance of mutual-help in communities for disaster management is a fundamental important concept. However, the current societal state does not reflect this lesson. S&G (Simulation and Gaming) has the potential to overcome the challenges faced in promoting community-based disaster management. No scientific research is currently present that reviews their achievements in Japan. Aim. This paper analyzes the current achievements of S&G in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan. Method. The paper clarifies the theoretical advantages of S&G in enhancing community resilience in coping and adaptive capacity plus proposes a conceptual contribution framework of S&G in improving community resilience. Based on this framework, the paper analyzes some major games that tackle community resilience against earthquakes in Japan. Results. The paper demonstrates the achievements through the S&G spectrum that stresses the disastrous experience with specific resilience views on one side, while decision making for critical reflection from other players with more comprehensive resilience views on the other side. Conclusion. The paper showcases the current S&G achievements in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan using the proposed framework, which can be utilized by other disaster-prone countries to develop and evaluate applications of S&G for increasing community resilience against earthquakes.

Family Structure and Children's Academic Achievement in Japan: A Quantile Regression Approach

Family Structure and Children's Academic Achievement in Japan: A Quantile Regression Approach

Educational Achievement of Children From Single‐Mother and Single‐Father Families: The Case of Japan

AbstractThis article examines the relationships between single parenthood and student achievement in Japan. The study uses sixth‐grade data from the 2013 National Assessment of Academic Ability and the Detailed Survey, which was the first nationally representative parental survey collected through schools in Japan. The results indicate that children of single‐mother and single‐father families perform academically lower than children of two‐parent families. For children living in single‐mother families, more than 50% of the educational disadvantage was explained by a lack of economic resources. For children living in single‐father families, the educational disadvantage was explained more by a lack of parenting resources, measured by discussions at home, supervision at home, and involvement in school, than economic resources. These findings suggest that the gendered labor force and division of labor among spouses in Japanese society may deprive parents of the ability to buffer the negative relationship between single parenthood and children's educational achievement.

Homeroom Teachers' Perspectives on Goal Achievement in Japan's Foreign Language Activity Classes

Homeroom Teachers' Perspectives on Goal Achievement in Japan's Foreign Language Activity Classes

Lessons from the Field Count more than Ever: The New Era of Global Health.

For many years, Japan has been silent on the achievements of Japan’s Overseas Development Assistance program including the health improvement of foreign countries. Japan’s contribution to global health communities through G8 process including Hashimoto Initiative is steadfast. On the other hand, in the field activity level, experts involved in ODA have not disclosed their achievements. However, the article by Wada et al., which describes the contents of TEN MR (Minimum Requirement), shed light on Japan’s silent ODA community by disclosing Japan’s achievements in global health by drawing lessons that may be applicable to other countries. Our future challenge in the global health will be how to synthesize actions that reflect the lessons learnt from the field and which show scientific evidence using established methods.

Who is left alone? : Parental involvement and its relation to junior high school students' achievement in Japan(【B-12】Educational Issues from Global Perspectives,English Session)

Who is left alone? : Parental involvement and its relation to junior high school students' achievement in Japan(【B-12】Educational Issues from Global Perspectives,English Session)

Kenji Shibuya: promoting global health in Japan

Kenji Shibuya: promoting global health in Japan

Technical issues related to the development of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels as structural materials for a fusion blanket system

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. Because of the possibility of creating sound engineering bases, such as a suitable fabrication technology and a materials database, RAFM steels can be used as structural materials for pressure equipment. Further, the development of an irradiation database in addition to design methodologies for fusion-centered applications is critical when evaluating the applicability of RAFM steels as structural materials for fusion-neutron-irradiated pressure equipment. In the International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC) project in the Broader Approach (BA) activities between the EU and Japan, R&D is underway to optimize RAFM steel fabrication and processing technologies, develop a method for estimating fusion-neutron-irradiation effects, and study the deformation behaviors of irradiated structures. The results of these research activities are expected to form the basis for the DEMO power plant design criteria and licensing. The objective of this paper is to review the BA R&D status of RAFM steel development in Japan, especially F82H (Fe–8Cr–2W–V, Ta). The key technical issues relevant to the design and fabrication of the DEMO blanket and the recent achievements in Japan are introduced.

Training the nation’s elites: National–private sector differences in Japanese university education

I examine the relationship between university prestige and socioeconomic achievement in Japan. I generate a set of hypotheses based on human capital and screening models of education, and test these using a 1995 cross-sectional dataset. I find that university prestige significantly improves socioeconomic achievement among male university graduates in Japan. I also find that national university graduates have higher rates of return to their university education, and are more likely to be employed in higher prestige occupations than are private university graduates. My findings lend support to the ‘elite’ view of investments in human capital proposed by Becker (1993), under which higher ability individuals (in this case national university graduates) have more to gain from university education than do lower ability individuals. I find little support for the screening model of education.

Technical issues of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fabrication of ITER test blanket modules

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. The RAFM F82H was developed in Japan with emphasis on high-temperature properties and weldability. Extensive irradiation studies have conducted on F82H, and it has the most extensive available database of irradiated and unirradiated properties of all RAFMs. The objective of this paper is to review the R&D status of F82H and to identify the key technical issues for the fabrication of an ITER test blanket module (TBM) suggested from the recent research achievements in Japan. This work clarified that the primary issues with F82H involve welding techniques and the mechanical properties of weld joints. This is the result of the distinctive nature of the joint caused by the phase transformation that occurs in the weld joint during cooling, and its impact on the design of a TBM will be discussed.

Issues Surrounding Academic Achievement in Japan : Examining the 2008 Revisions of the National Courses of Study

Issues Surrounding Academic Achievement in Japan : Examining the 2008 Revisions of the National Courses of Study

Alliances key to Japan's move into enterprise IT

There are excellent examples of computer, software and services companies that have made it big in the wider world - Fujitsu and Hitachi, say - but, aside from them, Japanese players in the global IT space are few and far between. There's no doubting Japan's achievements as a high-tech powerhouse, but is has not made the inroads into the corporate IT market that match its dominance of consumer electronics.

Book ReviewAsia’s Educational Edge: Current Achievements in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, and India by Yugui Guo. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005. $95.00 290 pp. (cloth). ISBN 0‐7391‐0737‐2.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Review Asia’s Educational Edge: Current Achievements in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, and India by Yugui Guo. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005. $95.00 290 pp. (cloth). ISBN 0‐7391‐0737‐2.Kai Jiang, and Mark BrayKai JiangUniversity of Hong Kong Search for more articles by this author , and Mark BrayInternational Institute of Educational Planning, Paris Search for more articles by this author University of Hong KongInternational Institute of Educational Planning, ParisPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 50, Number 4November 2006 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/510054 Views: 26Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

School Science Achievement in Japan and Singapore: A Tale of Two Cities

This paper compares and contrasts school science achievement between two top scoring nations, Japan and Singapore, on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessments. The first part of the study is devoted to examining cross-national comparisons on selected background questions administered in the TIMSS survey, while the second part examines selected educational attributes and practices that might help explain their consistently high achievement in science. Attention to TIMSS data has chiefly focused on the achievement gap between US and other nations. This report moves beyond US deficit comparisons to examine results and programs of high achieving nations to better inform efforts to close the gaps.