Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist Research Articles

Analysis of psychological behavior features of different sexual children with oppositional defiant disorder

Objective To explore the psychological behavior features between different sexual children with oppositional defiant disorder(ODD). Methods The subjects were sampled from grade 1 to 5 in a primary school in Jinan, Shandong Province.According to the diagnosed criteria, 42 pupils were diagnosed ODD, which was the study group, and 556 pupils without ODD became the control group.The pupils and their families were investigated and assessed by using Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results According to CBCL, there was extremely significantly higher score of depression, obsessive-compulsive, hyperactive, aggressive, interpersonal behaviors in ODD boys [(5.00±3.73) scores, (4.88±3.65) scores, (5.21±3.49) scores, (10.10±6.85) scores, (2.88±1.99) scores] than those in healthy control group [(1.65±2.61) scores, (1.91±2.65) scores, (2.46±2.63) scores, (3.95±4.52) scores, (1.34±1.61) scores] (t=4.31, 3.90, 4.76, 4.33, 4.40; P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.000). There was significantly higher score of symptoms of somatization, indiscipline, schizoid-like behaviors in ODD boys with [(2.38±2.50) scores, (2.63±2.70) scores, (3.17±2.35) scores] than those in healthy control group [(0.85±1.63) scores, (0.13±1.76) scores, (1.51±1.72) scores](t=2.94, 2.85, 3.37; P=0.007, 0.009, 0.002). There was extremely significantly higher score of depression, communication disorder behaviors in ODD girls [(5.44±4.12) scores, (3.11±2.93) scores] than those in healthy control group with [(2.50±3.34) scores, (1.36±2.08) scores](t=3.57, 3.38; P=0.000, 0.001). A significantly higher score of hyperactive, aggression, cruelty behaviors in ODD girls [(4.67±4.41) scores, (9.33±7.82) scores, (1.17±1.79) scores] than those in healthy control group [(1.87±2.38) scores, (3.19±4.08) scores, (0.24±0.66) scores](t=2.67, 3.30, 2.18; P=0.016, 0.004, 0.043). Conclusions According to CBCL, there were more psychological behavior problems in ODD children than healthy children.A significantly higher difference was found in different gender. Key words: Oppositional defiant disorder; Child Behavior Checklist; Sex; Psychological behavior feature

Étude sur l’attachement et les troubles du comportement à l’adolescence chez des jeunes placés en institution

ObjectiveDrawing on attachment theory this study seeks to show the existence of a link between behavioral and social skills among teenagers placed in care with a failure in their social attachments. Our hypothesis is that the attachment of these young people will be significantly influenced by insecurity, they will have behavioral and poor social adaptation problems and that these insecure attachments will correlate with behavioral disorder and poor social adaptation. MethodsThe study involved 26 teenagers ranging from 12 to 15 years. They completed the Inventory of Attachment to Parents and Peers (IPPA Armsden and Greenberg, 1987) and to study behavior and social adaptation, we used the LCE, the French validated version of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ResultsThe results of the research showed that these young people's representation of their parental attachment tended towards the secure, that they had both externalized and internalized behavioral issues, poor social adaptation, and in particular experienced issues at school. Furthermore we were able to establish a link between maternal attachment and antisocial personality disorders. ConclusionThis study will enable insight into the understanding of behaviors of institutionalized teenagers in order to inform and adjust therapies.

Neurodevelopmental outcome after surgery for acyanotic congenital heart disease

BackgroundInconsistent results on neuropsychological outcome in patients treated for acyanotic congenital heart disease (aCHD) questioned the clinical relevance of possible neurobehavioral sequelae in this group. This study was designed to objectify the neuropsychological profile and evaluate associations with medical data. MethodsPatients with a corrected atrial or ventricular septal defect, ASD-II or VSD, (n=46; mean age 9 years, 2 months) and a matched control group were submitted to an intelligence test (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, third edition, Dutch version) and evaluated with a neuropsychological test battery (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition, Dutch version). Hospitalization variables were retrieved to evaluate associations with cognitive outcome. Parents completed a behavioral checklist (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for Children aged 6–18). ResultsASD-II patients showed lower scores in domains of visuospatial processing, language, attention, and social perception. VSD patients displayed subtle problems in attention and visuospatial information processing. Only few perioperative medical factors, but also socioeconomic variables were associated with cognitive outcomes. Parents of ASD-II patients reported more school problems when compared to controls. ConclusionsAfter treatment for aCHD, subtle cognitive difficulties can present in domains of visuospatial information processing, language, attention, and social perception. These shortcomings might hamper school performances, as is suggested by lower school competence ratings. Ongoing follow-up and cognitive screening is warranted to promote developmental progress, in which both parents and clinicians share responsibility.

Use of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and Child Behavior Checklist in Ugandan Children with HIV or a History of Severe Malaria.

To assess the structural overlap between the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) among children in Uganda. Caregiver ratings for the BRIEF and CBCL were obtained for 2 independent samples of school-aged children: 106 children (5-12 years old, 50% males) with a history of severe malaria and on 144 HIV-infected children (5-12 years old, 58% males) in Uganda. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the 8 subscales for the BRIEF and the 8 scales of the CBCL to determine correlation. Overall, children in the severe malaria group had higher (increased symptom) BRIEF and CBCL scores than those in the HIV-infected group. Three factors that provided a reasonable fit to the data and could be characterized as 3 specific domains were identified: (1) Metacognition, which consisted of the scales in the BRIEF Metacognition domain, (2) Behavioral Adjustment, which comprised of the scales in the BRIEF Behavioral Regulation domain and the Externalizing Symptoms scales in the CBCL, and (3) Emotional Adjustment, which mainly consisted of the Internalizing Symptoms scales in the CBCL. The BRIEF Behavior Regulation and CBCL Externalizing Symptoms scales, however, did overlap in terms of assessing similar behavior symptoms. These findings were consistent across the severe malaria and HIV-infected samples of children. The BRIEF and CBCL instruments offer distinct, yet complementary, assessments of behavior in clinical pediatric populations in the Ugandan context, supporting the use of these measures for similar research settings.

Behavior problems in children with cochlear implants

Objectives(1) To examine behavior problems in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs); (2) to investigate the associated factors of problem behaviors; (3) to understand the relationships between behavior problems and parenting stress. Methods and materialsSixty patients (25 boys, 35 girls) aged 6–18 years (mean=12.2±3.2) who used CIs for a mean duration of eight years participated in the study. Behavior problems were assessed by Achenbach's child behavior checklist (CBCL). Categorical auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) scales were utilized to investigate auditory performance and speech production intelligibility. Parenting stress index (PSI) was filled out by parents to measure parenting stress level. ResultsSignificantly more CI subjects had problems with ‘Withdrawn/Depressed’ (p=0.010), ‘Social Problems’ (p<0.001), ‘Thought Problems’ (p<0.001), ‘Attention Problems’ (p<0.001), ‘Aggressive Behavior’ (p=0.010) and ‘Overall Behavior’ (p=0.001) than the normative sample did. ‘Social Problems’ was the most common problem and could be independently associated with gender, socioeconomic status and CAP (R2=0.361). CAP score was also associated with Overall Behaviors (R2=0.081). The results of PSI had a significant positive correlation with almost all CBCL subscales (p<0.05). ConclusionThe CI subjects still exhibit social and attention problems, which may in turn increase parenting stress. Good family support as well as aural–verbal rehabilitation are of particular importance in determining behavioral outcomes in CI children.

Impact of intraventricular hemorrhage on cognitive and behavioral outcomes at 18 years of age in low birth weight preterm infants.

Although high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; grades III-IV) in preterm and low birth weight infants are clearly associated with increased risk of long-term adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae, the impact of low-grade IVH (grades I-II) has been less clear. Some studies have followed these infants through early school age and have shown some conflicting results regarding cognitive outcome. Such studies that assess children at younger ages may not accurately predict outcomes in later childhood, as it is known that fluid and crystallized intelligence peak at age 26 years. There is paucity of data in current medical literature, which correlates low-grade IVH with outcomes in early adulthood. To determine the link between the occurrence of low-grade IVH in low birth weight (birth weight ⩽2500 g) infants born prematurely (gestational age <37 weeks) and intellectual function, academic achievement, and behavioral problems to the age of 18 years. This study is an analysis of data derived from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), a multisite national collaborative study and a randomized controlled trial of education intervention for low birth weight infants from birth until 3 years of age with follow-up through 18 years of age. A total of 985 infants were enrolled in the IHDP. Of the 462 infants tested for IVH, 99 demonstrated sonographic evidence of low-grade IVH, whereas 291 showed no sonographic evidence of IVH. Several outcomes were compared between these two groups. Intelligence was assessed using Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales at age 3 years, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) at age 8 years, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) at age 18 years and Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement at age 8 and 18 years. Behavior was measured using the Achenbach Behavior Checklist at age 3 years and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at age 8 and 18 years. Outcomes were compared between the IVH-positive and IVH-negative groups using analysis of covariance after adjusting for the presence or absence of intervention, birth weight, gestational age, gender, severity of neonatal course, race and maternal education. No statistically significant difference in intelligence as measured by Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales, WISC-III, WASI and Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement could be appreciated between IVH-positive patients and controls at any age group (36 months, 8 years and 18 years of age). In addition, there was no significant difference in problem behavior as assessed by the Achenbach Behavior Checklist and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) comparing IVH patients with controls. Low-grade IVH was not demonstrated in our study to be an independent risk factor associated with lower outcomes in intelligence, academic achievement or problem behavior at age 3, 8 and 18 years.

Psychological-behavioral characteristics and fractures in children are closely related.

This work aimed to study the relationship between psychological-behavioral characteristics and fractures in children to provide a basis for development of preventive strategies. The study included 84 children hospitalized for fractures (fracture group) and 78 children without fractures (control group). The following questionnaires were utilized: temperament questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). There were more children with problem behaviors in the fracture group than in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, level of activity and attention dispersion showed a significant relationship with fractures (P<0.05). Scores for the psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism subscales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were higher for the fracture group than the control group (P<0.05 or <0.01). For the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, the average score for boys and/or girls was higher in the fracture group than the control group in 4-5-year and/or 6-11-year olds. In addition, in 6-11-year olds, boys in the fracture group had higher scores for restlessness, aggression, and violation of discipline and girls in the fracture group had higher scores for aggression and depression than those in the control group (P<0.05). Children with fractures had more psychological and behavioral problems. Psychological intervention measures could be adopted to reduce the occurrence of fractures in children.

English

Behavioral and emotional disorders include internalizing symptoms which affect the self and externalizing symptoms that impact others and the environment. Behavioral and emotional disorders occur frequently in the general population of children. It has been seen that female children had more of internalizing behavior problems whereas male children had more of externalizing symptoms. Psychiatric epidemiological studies from developed countries indicate that more than a quarter of children and adolescents meet lifetime criteria for a mental disorder. Among the behavioral disorders, the presence of attention problems is of importance as they have been shown to be associated with increasing academic difficulties. Among the various scales that have been used to study behavior problems, Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist has been the most widely used and has different versions for parents and teachers so that a complete assessment of a child's behavior can made with several inputs. This study aimed at assessing attention problems among primary school children, and to study the association between academic performance and attention problems using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, using class teachers as raters, as interventions to reduce attention problems at an early stage may go a long way in improving the academic performance of the children. In this cross- sectional study, 198 children, 114 boys and 84 girls between 6 and 12 years of age, were rated on Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6-18years) - Teacher Rating Form (TRF), revised 2001, by his/her class teacher. About 25 children had a score of more than 50% on the attention problems scale. No significant differences were found in the attention problem scores between boys and girls in the sample studied. There was no significant association between current academic performance as rated on the TRF and attention problem scores. School teachers, especially in the rural areas where resources are fewer, can prove to be valuable both for identifying behavior problems early and providing appropriate support to the child and his/her family as part of

Neurodevelopment and Behavior after Transcatheter versus Surgical Closure of Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect

To assess the neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of school-aged children treated for atrial septal defect, secundum type (ASD-II) with open-heart surgery or catheterization. Patients (n = 48; mean age, 9 years, 3 months) and a matched healthy group (mean age, 9 years, 2 months) were evaluated with a shortened intelligence scale (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, third edition, Dutch version) and a developmental neuropsychological test battery (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition, Dutch version). Parents completed behavioral checklists (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for Children aged 6-18). Hospitalization variables were retrieved from medical files for studying associations with long-term neurodevelopment. Compared with the healthy matched controls, patients treated for ASD-II had significantly lower scores on subtasks underlying such Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition, Dutch version domains as Attention and Executive Functioning, Language, Working Memory, Sensorimotor Functioning, Social Cognition, and Visuospatial Information Processing. Only subtle differences, mainly in Visuospatial Information Processing, were found between the surgical repair and transcatheter repair groups. Socioeconomic status, longer hospital stay, and larger defect size were associated with neurocognitive outcome measures. Parents of patients reported more thought problems, posttraumatic stress problems, and lower school performance compared with parents of healthy peers. After treatment for ASD-II, children display a range of neuropsychologic difficulties that may increase their risk for learning problems and academic underachievement. Differences related to treatment were not found. Our results suggest that neurodevelopmental and behavioral follow-up at school age is warranted in this group.

Cerebral Malaria Retinopathy Predictors of Persisting Neurocognitive Outcomes in Malawian Children

Neuropsychological sequelae from pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) have been well-documented. Although malaria-specific retinopathy during acute illness has become a defining criterion for CM, its relationship to neurocognitive sequelae has not been documented. This relationship is important if malaria-specific retinopathy reflects the possible brain neuropathogenesis leading to long-term neurocognitive deficits. From 2008 to 2012, 49 Malawian children 4.5-12 years of age surviving retinopathy-positive CM (CM-R) were tested 1-6 yrs after illness with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2 edition, the tests of variables of attention and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. In an observational study of a cohort of cerebral malaria survivors, these neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes were statistically related to types and severity of retinopathy measures, while controlling for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status and time interval between illness and testing. Worse scores for hemorrhages, papilledema, optic disk hyperemia, retinal whitening of macula and foveal annulus were associated with poorer Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2 edition mental processing index and global scale scores. Disk hyperemia was also predictive of tests of variables of attention D prime overall attention performance (inattention) and commission errors (impulsivity). Few associations were found between retinopathy scores and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (emotional and behavioral) outcomes. We are the first to report the relationship between severity of malaria-specific retinopathy during acute illness in CM survivors and persisting neurocognitive problems. These findings support earlier studies documenting that severity of retinopathy during acute illness is medically prognostic in CM survivors. We extend these findings to include long-term neurocognitive outcomes.

Dysmorphic features and developmental outcome of 2-year-old children.

The aim of this study was to assess the associations between dysmorphic features and neurological, mental, psychomotor, and behavioural development in order to improve our understanding of aetiological pathways leading to minor developmental problems. In our cross-sectional study, 272 generally healthy 2-year-olds (143 males, 129 females; median gestational age 39 weeks, [range 30-43wks]), born after a parental history of subfertility either with or without fertility treatment, were examined. Dysmorphic features were classified as abnormalities (clinically relevant or not), minor anomalies, or common variants according to Merks' classification system. Hempel's neurological assessment resulted in a neurological optimality score (NOS) and fluency score. Mental and psychomotor development were assessed with the Dutch version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and behavioural development with the Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist. Of the different types of dysmorphic feature, clinically relevant abnormalities were most strongly associated with a lower NOS (difference -2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.23 to -0.83) and fluency score (difference -0.62, 95% CI -1.1 to -0.15). The presence of one or more abnormalities (clinically relevant or not) or one or more common variants was significantly associated with a lower NOS, and the presence of three or more minor anomalies was associated with lower fluency scores. Dysmorphic features were not associated with mental, psychomotor, or behavioural development. As dysmorphic features originate during the first trimester of pregnancy, the association between dysmorphic features and minor alterations in neurodevelopment may suggest an early ontogenetic origin of subtle neurological deviations.

The relation of infant attachment to attachment and cognitive and behavioural outcomes in early childhood

BackgroundIn China, research on the relation of mother–infant attachment to children's development is scarce. AimsThis study sought to investigate the relation of mother–infant attachment to attachment, cognitive and behavioural development in young children. Study designThis study used a longitudinal study design. SubjectsThe subjects included healthy infants (n=160) aged 12 to 18months. Outcome measuresAinsworth's “Strange Situation Procedure” was used to evaluate mother–infant attachment types. The attachment Q-set (AQS) was used to evaluate the attachment between young children and their mothers. The Bayley scale of infant development-second edition (BSID-II) was used to evaluate cognitive developmental level in early childhood. Achenbach's child behaviour checklist (CBCL) for 2- to 3-year-olds was used to investigate behavioural problems. ResultsIn total, 118 young children (73.8%) completed the follow-up; 89.7% of infants with secure attachment and 85.0% of infants with insecure attachment still demonstrated this type of attachment in early childhood (κ=0.738, p<0.05). Infants with insecure attachment collectively exhibited a significantly lower mental development index (MDI) in early childhood than did infants with secure attachment, especially the resistant type. In addition, resistant infants were reported to have greater social withdrawal, sleep problems and aggressive behaviour in early childhood. ConclusionThere is a high consistency in attachment development from infancy to early childhood. Secure mother–infant attachment predicts a better cognitive and behavioural outcome; whereas insecure attachment, especially the resistant attachment, may lead to a lower cognitive level and greater behavioural problems in early childhood.

Behavior problems and attachment in adopted and non-adopted adolescents

Many studies have shown that adopted adolescents present more behavioral problems than non-adopted adolescents do. However, few studies have been published about national adoption in South America, even though this is the most common type of adoption in these countries. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in behavioral problems between nationally adopted and non-adopted adolescents (using Achenbach's Child Behavior Check-list (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report (YSR)), as well as to examine the relationship between behavioral problems and attachment style in adolescents. Participants: 25 adolescents adopted at the age of 6months or older and 25 non-adopted adolescents. Results: No significant differences were found between groups in terms of behavioral problems. Adolescents adopted at a later age presented more “social problems” than those who were adopted earlier on. Even though the adopted adolescents presented more insecure attachment, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of behavioral problems and attachment style. There was a significant interaction between adoption and attachment on the Thought Problems scale of the YSR, with the non-adopted/insecure adolescents scoring higher. Possible interpretations of these results are presented in the discussion. In general, the adopted adolescents were not significantly different from the adolescents who grew up with their birth families. Furthermore, adoption within the first two years of life may represent a protective factor against “social problems” during adolescence. These findings may contribute to the de-stigmatization of adoption and a move away from the idea that adopted adolescents are “difficult”.

Clinical Decision Making About Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment

Anxiety disorders are common among children but can be difficult to diagnose. An actuarial approach to the diagnosis of anxiety may improve the efficiency and accuracy of the process. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical utility of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR), two widely used assessment tools, for diagnosing anxiety disorders in youth and to aid clinicians in incorporating scale scores into an actuarial approach to diagnosis through a clinical vignette. Demographically diverse youth, 5 to 18 years of age, were drawn from two samples; one (N = 1,084) was recruited from a research center, and the second (N = 651) was recruited from an urban community mental health center. Consensus diagnoses integrated information from semistructured interview, family history, treatment history, and clinical judgment. The CBCL and YSR internalizing problems T scores discriminated cases with any anxiety disorder or with generalized anxiety disorder from all other diagnoses in both samples (ps < .0005); the two scales had equivalent discriminative validity (ps > .05 for tests of difference). No other scales, nor any combination of scales, significantly improved on the performance of the Internalizing scale. In the highest risk group, Internalizing scores greater than 69 (CBCL) or greater than 63 (YSR) resulted in a Diagnostic Likelihood Ratio of 1.5; low scores reduced the likelihood of anxiety disorders by a factor of 4. Combined with other risk factor information in an actuarial approach to assessment and diagnosis, the CBCL and YSR Internalizing scales provide valuable information about whether a youth is likely suffering from an anxiety disorder.

Effects of Behavior Problems, Family Functioning, and Family Coping on Parent Stress in Families with a Child with Smith-Magenis Syndrome

Smith Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic syndrome most commonly caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 17 p11.2. It is associated with a pattern of physical, developmental, and behavioral characteristics including intellectual disability, sleep disturbance, and a variety of behavior problems. The purpose was to examine the relationship between maladaptive behaviors in children with SMS and parent stress, and to determine whether family functioning and effective parent coping strategies may alleviate the impact of child maladaptive behaviors on parent stress. Data were collected on 25 individuals with SMS ages 1.4 to 19.4 years old. Parents were interviewed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS; Sparrow et al. 1984), the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach 1991), the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Scale (Epstein et al. 1983), the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (McCubin et al. 1991), the Parental Stress Index-3rd edition (Abidin 1995), and the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (Abidin 1995). Using multiple hierarchical regression analyses we found that maladaptive behaviors (CBCL internalizing and externalizing behaviors) affected parent stress; however, we also saw that parent stress was alleviated in well-functioning families. Maladaptive behaviors did not have a significant negative impact on life stress.

A cross-sectional survey on behavior problems among eco-migrant children of Hui and Han in Ningxia, China

To investigate the detection rate and correlates of behavioral problems among eco-migrant children in Hui and Han ethnicities. Using multistage randomized sampling method, 2 653 eco-migrant teenagers, 3 174 indigenous and 2 334 homeland peers were selected. Their parents were asked to finish the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a self-developed correlates questionnaire. 765 eco-migrant children with behavioral problems were detected, with detection rate as 28.8%, higher than that of homeland group (24.2%) and native group (19.3%) (χ(2) = 73.547, P < 0.012 5). Ecological migration mainly influenced factors as bad contacts, depression, obsessive-compulsive, discipline, attack for boys aged 6-11, bad contacts for boys aged 12-16 and extraversion behavioral problems for girls aged 12-16, in Hui. These factors both associated to eco-migrant children's behavioral problems in Hui and Han:cesarean section (OR = 1.863, 95% CI:1.144-3.035, for Han) and (OR = 2.979, 95% CI:2.067-4.293, for Hui), physical defects (OR = 1.730, 95%CI:1.087-2.751, for Han) and (OR = 2.552, 95%CI:1.649-3.950, for Hui), arable as a main income way(OR = 1.272, 95%CI:1.066-1.518, for Han) and (OR = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.033-1.422, for Hui), parents' education level above middle school (OR = 0.709, 95% CI: 0.539-0.932, for Han) and (OR = 0.698, 95%CI: 0.542-0.898, for Hui), parents' frequently in good mood (OR = 0.710, 95%CI:0.613-0.821, for Han) and (OR = 0.826, 95%CI:0.718-0.949, for Hui). However, major diseases in the process of growth (OR = 1.794, 95% CI:1.163-2.767), and parents with chronic illness or disability (OR = 1.463, 95% CI:1.061-2.016) only associated with that in Han;single-parent or remarried families(OR = 1.583, 95% CI:1.078-2.325), parents often drinking (OR = 1.557, 95%CI:1.019- 2.379), the time of parents' work longer than half a year (OR = 1.494, 95% CI:1.197-1.864), parents' more content to life now(OR = 0.813, 95% CI:0.700-0.945), and children in older age (OR = 0.939, 95%CI:0.889-0.991) only related to that in Hui. The eco-migrant children showed a low state in mental health, especially among Hui peers, and the correlated factors were different in Han and Hui, which was supposed to get great importance when taking effective intervention.

Characteristics of TEMPER TANTRUMS in Preschoolers with Disruptive Behavior in a Clinical Setting

The purpose of this study was to describe clinician-observed, naturally occurring temper tantrums in preschoolers ages 2 to 5.5 diagnosed with severe behavior problems. Participants were 24 mother-child dyads enrolled in an intensive outpatient treatment program. Clinicians timed and observed 330 temper tantrums, rated their intensity, and recorded occurrence of 16 behaviors, tantrum precipitants, and interventions; parents completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist pre- and posttreatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson chi square, paired t tests, and generalized linear modeling. Mean tantrum duration was 3.4 minutes (range = 0.2 to 26.5 minutes); most tantrums were low in intensity. Noncompliance precipitated 52% of tantrums. Aggressive behaviors were more likely to occur early in tantrums, with distress behaviors occurring later. Parent surveys indicated perceptions of behavioral improvement but no change in tantrum behavior. Study findings corroborate those of previous studies using retrospective parent reports.

Differences in Behaviour Problems among Preschool Children: Implications for Parents

Social and emotional development in young children has to do with how young children feel about themselves, how they behave and how they relate to others, specially people who matter to them, for example, parents, teachers, and friends. Behaviour problems have often been conceptualised along two broad spectrums: internalising problems which are expressed in intrapersonal manifestation, such as anxiety, depression and withdrawal; and externalising problems which are demonstrated in interpersonal manifestation, such as hyperactivity and aggression. Considering the long-term effects of behavior problems on children’s later academic performance, it can be conjectured that disparities in children achievement may be rooted in developmental characteristics in early childhood. This study investigated the variability in behavior problems among preschool children. There were 220 participants, parents and preschool teachers, who voluntarily completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, and rated the child’s behavior on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (2-5 years). Children were from five municipalities of Kosovo. The children consisted of 120 boys and 100 girls (mean age in months = 48.56). It was found that parents perceived boys to exhibit higher rates of externalising problems than girls. Results revealed significant differences in parents’ and teachers’ responses to behaviour problems among preschoolers. The present findings provide important information for consistent early intervention parenting programs. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p716

Study on the features of psychosocial behavioural problems and family function of child with cancer

Objective To explore the features of psychosocial behavioural problems and family function of child with cancer. Methods Cluster random sampling was conducted to recruit 240 caregivers whose children with cancer in 8 general hospitals in Beijing and Tangshan from 2012 to 2013.Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)and Feetham Family Functioning Survey(FFFS)were used to investigate. Results The rate of abnormal behavior was higher in cancerous child (25.4% ) than that in healthy child (12.97% ) (P 3years, and lower relationships between the family and each individual (P<0.05). Conclusion Healthcare professionals should actively provide family support to improve family functioning and decrease psychosocial behavioural in child with cancer. Key words: Neoplasme; Child; Psychosocial behavioral problems; Family function

The correspondence validity of Malawian preschool developmental assessment and school-age neurocognitive performance in the longitudinal assessment of severe malaria

BackgroundLongitudinal studies of the effects of CNS infectious disease in at-risk children must track consistent brain/behaviour outcomes across the developmental span from infancy to adolescence. This study evaluates the correspondence between preschool developmental measures and school-age neurocognitive and behavioural measures in Malawian children. Methods59 cerebral malaria (CM) and 69 non-malaria children had been evaluated as preschoolers within 1 year following hospital discharge, with the Malawi developmental assessment tools (MDAT) and the preschool Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL). At least 2 years later they were assessed again with the Kaufman assessment battery for children, 2nd edition (KABC-II), the computerised test of variables of attention (TOVA), and the CBCL (6–18 years). An additive stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate which MDAT and CBCL predictors were significantly related to school-age KABC-II, TOVA, and CBCL outcomes for the CM and control groups combined. FindingsControlling for age, weight-for-age z score, socioeconomic status, gender, and malaria group (CM or control), MDAT global development was predictive of KABC-II planning (p=0·001), TOVA attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score (p=0·0005), TOVA D prime signal detection (p=0·001), and CBCL external symptoms total (p=0·015). Preschool CBCL internal (emotional) symptoms total was predictive of TOVA ADHD (p=0·037), school-age CBCL internal symptoms (p=0·0007), and external (behaviour) symptoms total (p=0·0003). Malaria group was significantly predictive of KABC-II simultaneous processing (visual–spatial analysis; p=0·009) and marginally predictive of learning (p=0·056). InterpretationEarly childhood developmental assessment for children recovering from severe malaria can predict their neuropsychological performance years later. Tracking the developmental trajectory of such at-risk children in a longitudinal manner can enable investigators to evaluate how core brain/behaviour domains are affected by disease, prevention, and treatment interventions from very early childhood through adolescence. FundingMichigan State University (Grant: 07-IRGP-1060 [MJB]). The funding source had no role in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to submit it for publication. Nor did they have any role in the study design, patient recruitment, data collection, analysis, interpretation of findings, or in any other aspect of the study. MJB is the corresponding author and has full access to all the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.