Acetone Sensor Research Articles

Mid-infrared acetone sensor for exhaled gas using FWA-LSSVM and empirical mode decomposition algorithm

The acetone can be regarded as one of the respiratory biomarkers for lung cancer, the detection of acetone in human exhaled gas has great important for early lung cancer screening. Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), a system for detecting acetone in exhaled gas has been developed, a multi-pass gas cell (MPGC), which has a 76 m effective absorption optical path, as well as a 7.32 μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) were adopted in the detection system. In order to confirm the function of the system, a gas distribution station equipped with standard concentrations of acetone was used. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm as a spectral pre-processing algorithm was implemented to reduce the noise from the second harmonic signal (2f signal), using an orthogonal lock-in amplifier based on LabVIEW to demodulate the detector signal. Fireworks algorithm with the least squares support vector machine (FWA-LSSVM) was designed to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of acetone gas concentration inversion. The limits of detection (LoD) of the sensor system can be found the middle value of up to ∼ 21.4 parts per billion (ppb) with a 78 s integration time by Allan-Werle deviation analysis. The exhaled breath experiment showed that the sensor provides a promising way for the detection of acetone in human exhaled breath.

Coupling interface design of metal oxide heterostructures derived from MXene@MOFs hybrids for high-sensitivity acetone sensor

Acetone is used in a variety of fields for being highly volatile chemicals that may have detrimental effects on both industrial security and human health. With a view to testing the leak and concentration of acetone, we have successfully developed TiO2/Fe2O3-X (TF-X) sensors via a carboxyl group-shared coordination route. Here, Ti3C2Tx MXene and Fe salt provide chelation sites enabling coordination with carboxyl groups to fabricate two kinds of MOFs (MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe)) followed by calcination. The tightly coupled heterogeneous interface between TiO2 and Fe2O3 promotes carrier transfer and elicits sharp resistance variation thereby raising the sensitivity towards acetone. Meantime, the porous TF-X heterostructures generate numerous oxygen vacancies and surface functional groups to be conducive to the gas flow and surface reaction. Accordingly, the optimal TF-400 heterostructure endows the extraordinary sensitivity (R = 446.8) to 100 ppm acetone at 268 ℃, much higher than that of the pristine TiO2 and Fe2O3. Rapid response (15 s) and recovery (7 s) time are implemented, as well as remarkable selectivity and stability. Moreover, the enhanced mechanism of TF-400 heterostructure is presented and studied. It is anticipated to open up a new avenue for the design and synthesis of high-sensitivity acetone sensors.

A Study of High-Sensitivity Electro-Resistance Type Pre-Annealing ZnO-Doped CsPbBr3 Perovskite Acetone Sensors.

In this work, acetone gas sensors were fabricated using pre-annealing metal oxide zinc oxide (pa-ZnO)-doped perovskite cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3). The ZnO nanopowder, before it was doped into CsPbBr3 solution, was first put into a furnace to anneal at different temperatures, and formed the pa-ZnO. The properties of pa-ZnO were different from ZnO. The optimized doping conditions were 2 mg of pa-ZnO nanopowder and pre-annealing at 300 °C. Under these conditions, the highest sensitivity (gas signal current-to-air background current ratio) of the ZnO-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite acetone sensor was 1726. In addition, for the limit test, 100 ppm was the limit of detection of the ZnO-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite acetone sensor and the sensitivity was 101.

Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Decorated Multiscale Zinc Ferrite Spheres Toward Swift and Humidity-Tolerant Breath Acetone Sensing

Unreasonable acetone emission from various cosmetic and industrial products readily imposes severe ecological harm and human health through airborne transmission and groundwater circulation, thus necessitating the pressing requirement of sensitive and swift acetone detection. To this end, chemoresistive MEMS acetone sensors featuring the sensing layer of a few black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets-modified multiscale zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) spheres were leveraged in this work. After the optimization of constituent combination and operation temperature, the 0.5 wt% BP/ZnFe2O4 sensors could recognize 0.1–2 ppm acetone at 188 °C. With respect to pure ZnFe2O4 analog, the 0.5 wt% BP/ZnFe2O4 sensors delivered approximately twofold response enhancement (5.34 versus 2.73 toward 0.5-ppm acetone) and stronger sensitivity (5/ppm versus 3/ppm). Also, excellent selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability were exhibited. The response/recovery times of 6/63 s toward 0.5-ppm acetone manifested a swift balance of gas–solid interaction. Inspiringly, the sensor showed an excellent humidity-resistant response toward 100-ppb acetone. Moreover, the simulated detection revealed a high application potential in diabetic monitoring featuring sub-ppm acetone and a high moisture environment. The ameliorated sensor performance after incorporating few but modest BP could be attributed to the consequent larger specific surface area, richer oxygen vacancies, and numerous p-n heterojunctions.

In situ assembly of one-dimensional Pt@ZnO nanofibers driven by a ZIF-8 framework for achieving a high-performance acetone sensor.

To obtain a high-performance gas sensor, it is essential to ingeniously design sensing materials containing the features of high catalytic performance, abundant oxygen vacancies, and splendid grain dispersibility through a simple method. Inspired by the fact that ZIF-8 contains semiconductor metal atoms, well-arranged ZnO nanoparticle (NP)-in situ assembled one-dimensional nanofibers (NFs) are obtained by one-step electrospinning. By incorporating Pt NPs into the cavity of ZIF-8 NPs, well-dispersed Pt@ZnO NPs driven by Pt@ZIF-8 composites are obtained after annealing. The well-arranged Pt@ZnO NP-assembled NFs not only exhibit abundant oxygen vacancies but also avoid the self-aggregation of ZnO and Pt NPs. Meanwhile, the small Pt NPs could improve the catalytic effect in return. Therefore, the gas sensor fabricated based on the above materials exhibits an acetone sensitivity of 6.1 at 370 °C, compared with pristine ZnO NFs (1.6, 5 ppm). Moreover, the well-arranged Pt@ZnO NP-assembled NFs show exceptional sensitivity to acetone with a 70.2 ppb-level detection limit in theory. The synergistic advantages of the designed sensing material open up new possibilities for non-invasive disease diagnosis.

Some interesting insights into the acetone sensing characteristics of monoclinic WO3

Considering the importance of tungsten oxide (WO3) in fabricating acetone sensors for the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes, we have tried to understand the sensing behaviour of this interesting material in detail.

MXene and their integrated composite-based acetone sensors for monitoring of diabetes

For present-day technological advancements, the MXene family is a highly investigated material in the family of van der Waals heterostructures.

Metabolomics and a Breath Sensor Identify Acetone as a Biomarker for Heart Failure

Multi-omics delivers more biological insight than targeted investigations. We applied multi-omics to patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). 46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction and NTproBNP. A consumer breath acetone (BrACE) sensor validated results in n = 73. 28 metabolites were identified by GCMS, 35 by LCMS and 4 volatiles by SPME in plasma and urine. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered in HFrEF. Plasma acetone correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), 2-oxovaleric and cis-aconitic acid, involved with ketone metabolism and mitochondrial energetics. BrACE > 1.5 ppm discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology (AUC 0.8, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92, p < 0.0001). Breath acetone discriminated HFrEF from other cardiac pathology using a consumer sensor, but was not cardiac specific.

Highly sensitive acetone sensor based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites

AbstractA copolymer of pyrrole and o‐aminophenol was synthesized by single step oxidative polymerization technique. Two different nanocomposites of copolymer with α‐Fe2O3 and Co‐α‐Fe2O3 were prepared and acetone sensing property of both composites were studied at room temperature with different gas concentrations. The calculated sensitivity of the Co‐α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was 0.68 and α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was 0.44. The sensitivity of prepared composites was higher than the pure polymer. The LOD of the α‐Fe2O3 composite was found to be 0.13 ppm and Co‐α‐Fe2O3 composite was 0.37 ppm. Both the prepared composites have showed excellent selectivity with good repeatability for the acetone gas. The 20% Co‐Fe2O3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited faster response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.4 s towards the target gas and 15% α‐Fe2O3 containing nanocomposite sensor exhibited the response time of 1.4 s and recovery time of 4.8 s for the acetone gas. The polymer and the nanocomposites have shown excellent repeatability for 7 cycles. The faster response of the sensor can be attributed to the increased number of oxygen vacancies on the sensor as well as the free OH groups present in the polymer back bone.

Recent advances in ZnO nanostructure as a gas-sensing element for an acetone sensor: a short review.

Air pollution is a severe concern globally as it disturbs the health conditions of living beings and the environment because of the discharge of acetone molecules. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) nanomaterials are crucial for developing efficient sensors because of their outstanding chemical and physical properties, empowering the inclusive developments in gas sensor productivity. This review presents the ZnO nanostructure state of the art and notable growth, and their structural, morphological, electronic, optical, and acetone-sensing properties. The key parameters, such as response, gas detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, response and recovery time, selectivity, and stability of the acetone sensor, have been discussed. Furthermore, gas-sensing mechanism models based on MOS for acetone sensing are reported and discussed. Finally, future possibilities and challenges for MOS (ZnO)-based gas sensors for acetone detection have also been explored.

Highly sensitive acetone gas sensor based on YFeO3 planar electrode under multi-wavelength light illumination

In this study, perovskite yttrium ferrite (YFeO3) nanomaterials were fabricated using the sol–gel method and used to prepare acetone sensors with planar electrode. These samples were characterized by various characterization equipment. The YFeO3 planar electrode sensor’s response was investigated in the dark and under multi-wavelength light illumination. The planar electrode sensors exhibited typical p-type semiconductor gas sensing behavior, and the optimal operating temperature was 110 °C. The sensor had a high response of 128.1 for 30 ppm acetone under 370 nm light illumination, which was 65 % higher than that in the dark. In addition to their high response value and low working temperature, the sensors also had low power consumption and good stability, which improves the benchmark for further expanding the application of acetone sensors in the future.

Humidity effect on real-time response of tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) acetone sensor at room temperature

We report the effect of humidity on the acetone sensitivity of nano-sized thin films obtained by spin coating the oxacalix[4]arenes(1,3) molecules on suitable substrates in this work. The surface morphologies and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor properties of spin-coated thin films were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. It was determined that the sensitivities calculated from the measurements performed using a mixture of acetone and water vapor were 14% and 11% incorrect for the 1 and 3 thin film sensors, respectively, compared to those performed with dry air and acetone mixture.

WS2 Nanorod as a Remarkable Acetone Sensor for Monitoring Work/Public Places.

Here, we report the synthesis of the WS2 nanorods (NRs) using an eco-friendly and facile hydrothermal method for an acetone-sensing application. This study explores the acetone gas-sensing characteristics of the WS2 nanorod sensor for 5, 10, and 15 ppm concentrations at 25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, and 100 °C. The WS2 nanorod sensor shows the highest sensitivity of 94.5% at 100 °C for the 15 ppm acetone concentration. The WS2 nanorod sensor also reveals the outstanding selectivity of acetone compared to other gases, such as ammonia, ethanol, acetaldehyde, methanol, and xylene at 100 °C with a 15 ppm concentration. The estimated selectivity coefficient indicates that the selectivity of the WS2 nanorod acetone sensor is 7.1, 4.5, 3.7, 2.9, and 2.0 times higher than xylene, acetaldehyde, ammonia, methanol, and ethanol, respectively. In addition, the WS2 nanorod sensor also divulges remarkable stability of 98.5% during the 20 days of study. Therefore, it is concluded that the WS2 nanorod can be an excellent nanomaterial for developing acetone sensors for monitoring work/public places.

Acetone sensor based on porous nickel ferrite nanoparticles

Acetone sensor based on porous nickel ferrite nanoparticles

Design of Mn-SnO2 double-shell nanostructures for high-performance acetone gas sensor

• High-performance acetone sensor of double-shelled Mn-SnO 2 was prepared. • The response of Mn-SnO 2 towards acetone was as high as 75. • Mn-SnO 2 sensing mechanism was also discussed. In this study, a simple method to fabricate Mn-doped SnO 2 double-shell nanofibers by electrospinning was presented. The results demonstrated that Mn-SnO 2 nanofibers were unique tube-in-tube structures and possessed a high response of 75 towards 100 ppm acetone, which was higher three times than that of pure SnO 2 . It was believed that the excellent gas sensing properties of the sensor were that Mn-dopant dramatically enhanced the percentage of the defect-related oxygen species. The promising hollow double-shell structure was beneficial to gas absorption and penetration of oxygen and acetone molecules by offering more active sites. Hence, the Mn-doped double-shell nanofibers exhibited a promising application prospect in efficient sensing material in the future.

YSZ-based mixed potential type acetone gas sensor attached with CuSb2O6 sensing electrode for ketosis diagnosis

Acetone in exhaled breath can be employed as a diabetic-specific biomarker for noninvasive, painless, quick and in-house screening of diabetes. Herein, a mixed potential type acetone gas sensor using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and CuSb 2 O 6 sensing electrode (SE) was manufactured. The sensitivities of the sensor to 0.2–5 ppm acetone and 5–200 ppm acetone were − 24.9 mV/decade and − 76.2 mV/decade at 680 °C. The response time for 10 ppm acetone of the sensor was only 3 s and the recovery time was 17 s. The sensor also displayed good repeatability, long-term stability, reliability and selectivity. It was worth noting that the response value of the sensor increased with the increase of relative humidity (RH) value, which could be account for the increase of acetone gas concentration and electrochemical reaction rate at TPB. Moreover, the sensor could realize the distinction between the diabetic ketosis patients and non-ketotic volunteers by the response values of the sensor in the clinical breath detection, proving its potential in the field of ketosis diagnosis. • CuSb 2 O 6 material is used as sensing electrode to fabricate a mixed potential type YSZ-based acetone sensor. • The sensor with CuSb 2 O 6 -SE exhibits high sensitivity, response and recovery speed and selectivity to acetone at 680 °C. • The acetone gas concentration and electrochemical reaction rate at TPB increased with the increase of RH. • The sensor could also realize the distinction between the diabetic ketosis patients and non-ketotic volunteers.

Synergistic effect between UV light and PANI/Co3O4 content on TiO2 composite nanoparticles for room-temperature acetone sensing

Ternary hybrid composites are less explored for gas sensing purposes due to their complexity of structures. However, their complexity brings about a greater potential for resistance changes. In this study, we have synthesized a new ternary hybrid composite composed of polyaniline (PANI)-loaded Co3O4-TiO2 composite nanoparticles (NPs) for acetone sensing at 25 ℃. For this purpose, PANI and Co3O4 were added into TiO2 NPs using sol-gel method. The gas sensing characteristics of PANI-TiO2, Co3O4-TiO2 composite NPs and PANI-loaded Co3O4-TiO2 composite NPs sensors were systematically investigated with and without UV illumination (at 25 °C). Based on the sensing results, the ternary 0.01 wt% PANI-loaded 0.85TiO2 − 0.15 Co3O4 composite NPs revealed the highest response to acetone under UV illumination at 25 ℃. The enhanced performance of optimized gas sensor was due to formation of p-n heterojunctions, promising effects of PANI, and UV light effect. The results obtained herein, highlighted the possibility of making a highly reliable acetone sensor working at 25 ℃ using this compounds or related compounds.

High response and excellent selectivity acetone sensor based on γ-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres

The γ-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method and a subsequent two-step annealing process. The sensor based on γ-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres exhibited an ultra-fast response time (1s), high response (232.7), and excellent selectivity to 100 ppm acetone at the optimum operating temperature (173 °C). The excellent gas sensing performance could be attributed to the large specific surface area (182.6 m2g−1) and a large number of oxygen vacancies, which would enhance the adsorption of oxygen molecules on the surface of the material. Moreover, the sensor achieves a response of 5.64 to 1 ppm acetone, which enables the prepared γ-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres a promising candidate for clinical detection of diabetic ketosis.

Excellent acetone sensing performance of Au NPs functionalized Co3O4-ZnO nanocomposite

PurposeThis paper aims to successfully synthesize three-dimensional spindle-like Au functionalized Co3O4-ZnO nanocomposites; characterize the structure, morphology and surface chemical properties of the products; study the effect of Au NPs doping concentration, operating temperature different gas to, sensing properties; and introduce an attractive gas sensor for acetone detection.Design/methodology/approachAu NPs functionalized Co3O4-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods; the structure and surface chemical property of the products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, BET and XPS. The sensing ability of Au@Co3O4-ZnO for acetone and mechanism was analyzed systematically.FindingsThe results of gas sensing tests show that the unique component structure, Schottky junction and catalytic effect of Au functionalization make it have low operating temperature, excellent selectivity, high response (10 ppm, 56) and rapid response recovery time.Research limitations/implicationsAll the characterization and test data of the prepared materials are provided in this paper and reveals the gas sensing mechanism of the gas sensor.Practical implicationsThe detection limit is 2.92–100 ppb acetone. It is promising to be applied in low-power, micro detection and miniature acetone gas sensors.Social implicationsThe gas sensor prepared has a lower working temperature and low detection limit, so it has promising application prospects in low-concentration acetone detection and early warning.Originality/valueThe unique component structure, Schottky junction and catalytic effect of Au functionalization Co3O4-ZnO make it have low operating temperature, excellent selectivity and rapid response recovery time.

Pd nanoparticle-mediated acetone sensing performance improvement of SnO2 substrate: A combined DFT and experimental study

The article presents a combined theoretical and experimental study attempting to show how Pd nanoparticles (NPs) loading onto SnO2 substrate improves the acetone gas sensing performance. Pristine nanostructured SnO2 and Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) loaded SnO2 substrates have been prepared, characterized, and their acetone sensing performances have been measured. Experimental measurements have shown that Pd NP loading onto SnO2 suppresses the interfering effects of ethanol, water vapors, etc., and enhances the acetone sensor response, reversibility, response/recovery speeds, and signal-to-noise ratio. Various parameters like the adsorption energy, HOMO–LUMO energy gap, charge distribution, polarizability change, electrophilicity index, global hardness, etc., of several model systems, have been computed by using DFT. The computed parameters have been correlated with the conductivity, local reactivity, sensor response and selectivity, response/recovery times, etc., of the systems to understand the molecular-level effects of the Pd NP loading onto the SnO2 on the gas sensing process.