Acetone Gas Sensor Research Articles

Low operating temperature N-ZnO/PANI chemiresistive acetone gas sensor

Low operating temperature N-ZnO/PANI chemiresistive acetone gas sensor

Bismuth ferrite based acetone gas sensor: evaluation of graphene oxide loading.

We report a BiFeO3/graphene oxide (BFO/GO) perovskite, synthesized using a CTAB-functionalized glycine combustion route, as a potential material for acetone gas sensing applications. The physicochemical properties of the developed perovskite were analysed using XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDAX and XPS. The gas sensing performance was analysed for various test gases, including ethanol, acetone, propanol, ammonia, nitric acid, hydrogen sulphide and trimethylamine at a concentration of 500 ppm. Among the test gases, the developed BFO showed the best selectivity towards acetone, with a response of 61% at an operating temperature of 250 °C. All the GO-loaded BFO samples showed an improved gas sensing performance compared with pristine BFO in terms of sensitivity, the response/recovery times, the transient response curves and the stability. The 1 wt% GO-loaded BiFeO3 sensor showed the highest sensitivity of 89% towards acetone (500 ppm) at an operating temperature of 250 °C. These results show that the developed perovskites have significant potential for use in acetone gas sensing applications.

Growth and Characterization of Sputtered InAlN Nanorods on Sapphire Substrates for Acetone Gas Sensing.

The demand for highly sensitive and selective gas sensors has been steadily increasing, driven by applications in various fields such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial safety. In this context, ternary alloy indium aluminum nitride (InAlN) semiconductors have emerged as a promising material for gas sensing due to their unique properties and tunable material characteristics. This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of InAlN nanorods grown on sapphire substrates using an ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputter epitaxy with precise control over indium composition and explores their potential for acetone-gas-sensing applications. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, and TEM, demonstrate the structural and morphological insights of InAlN nanorods, making them suitable for gas-sensing applications. To evaluate the gas-sensing performance of the InAlN nanorods, acetone was chosen as a target analyte due to its relevance in medical diagnostics and industrial processes. The results reveal that the InAlN nanorods exhibit a remarkable sensor response of 2.33% at 600 ppm acetone gas concentration at an operating temperature of 350 °C, with a rapid response time of 18 s. Their high sensor response and rapid response make InAlN a viable candidate for use in medical diagnostics, industrial safety, and environmental monitoring.

Highly sensitive and selective acetone gas sensor-based La-doped ZnO nanostructured thin film

In the present study, the spray pyrolysis technique is used to synthesize pure and La-doped ZnO nanostructured thin films. The prepared films were characterized structurally, optically, and morphologically. The sensor showed a highly selective nature towards acetone gas. The prepared La-doped ZnO sensor showed an increased response of 82.57 % for 50 ppm of acetone gas operating at 150 oC with faster response and recovery times of 26 s and 27 s, respectively. The resulting sensing performances were found to be reproducible with no evidence of ageing. The observed exceptional gas sensing performance was attributed to the higher surface-to-volume ratio, increased surface defects, and morphology. This work provides insight into fabricating the acetone gas sensor operating at lower temperatures.

Improved SnO2 nanowire acetone sensor with uniform Co3O4 nanoparticle decoration

In this study, the synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) decorated onto SnO2 nanowires (NWs) was achieved through a meticulous vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process coupled with a hydrothermal approach. The paramount objective was to amplify the gas sensing efficacy and refine the detection threshold of the acetone gas sensor. This endeavor encompassed a twofold enhancement strategy: the optimization of Co3O4 NP dimensions and their uniform dispersion across the SnO2 NW surface. This orchestrated approach yielded a remarkable 17-fold augmentation in the sensor's responsiveness towards 50 ppm acetone gas, as compared to sensors employing solely synthesized pure SnO2 NWs. Moreover, discernible sensor responses were adeptly elicited even at a minute concentration of 0.1 ppm acetone gas. A discernible advancement was discerned in contrast to antecedent research, reflecting substantial refinement in both response characteristics and the sensor's capacity to detect trace acetone gas levels. This heightened sensing proficiency can be attributed to the aptly tailored dimensions of Co3O4 NPs, harmoniously dispersed onto the SnO2 NW surface. This precise distribution engenders a pivotal p-n heterojunction, thereby eliciting the observed enhancement in sensing performance.

Vertically aligned mesoporous Ce doped NiO nanowalls with multilevel gas channels for high-performance acetone gas sensors

In recent years, the potential use and development of acetone gas sensors in health monitoring and self-diagnostic applications has attracted increasing attention. Thus, accurate sensing of acetone is of crucial importance in the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes. However, challenges remain in the detection of acetone, such as high concentrations detection limit, high operating temperature and slow response dynamics. Herein, vertically aligned Ce-doped mesoporous NiO nanowalls are prepared on Ag-Pd interdigitated electrode substrate using an in-situ growth method. The gas sensing performances show that the as-made 4 mol% Ce-doped NiO nanowalls has excellent gas response value (3.2) to 10 ppm acetone at a lower operating temperature (175 ℃) with fast adsorption and desorption equilibrium (13 s/7 s). Vertically aligned mesoporous NiO nanowalls doped by Ce element could pave the way for ultra-sensitive and low power consumption acetone gas sensors for breath gas detection.

Flower-like In2O3-ZnO nanosensor with improved acetone performance at low temperature

In2O3-ZnO nanoflower-like acetone gas sensors with varied reaction time were created using a simple and green synthesis idea. Morphological and structural analysis indicated that the In2O3-ZnO nanoflowers were made up of nanoplates with a thickness of around 35–60 nm and some small nanoparticles with the particle size of about 11 nm adhered to the surface. With a sensitivity of 238 for 100 ppm acetone at 140 °C, a lower detection limit as low as 0.64 ppm, good selectivity and excellent stability, the In-Zn(5) sensor with a hydrothermal time of 5 h has the most excellent performance. The enhanced gas-sensitive performance of In-Zn(5) can be attributed to the heterogeneous structure between the two and the three-dimensional flower-like structure with a large specific surface area and fast gas transfer rate. This work brings a better prospect for the future detection of acetone.

Enhanced acetone gas sensing performance of ZnO polyhedrons decorated with LaFeO3 nanoparticles

Since acetone is potentially harmful to humans, it is necessary to develop a high-performance acetone gas sensor. In this study, ZnO polyhedrons decorated with LaFeO3 (LFO) nanoparticles with high acetone-sensing performances were prepared by a facile microwave-assisted hydrolytic reaction method, and the p-n heterojunction was successfully constructed. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and internal composition of the LaFeO3/ZnO composites were analyzed by various characterization methods. The results showed that LaFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully composited with ZnO polyhedra. Compared with the pure ZnO sensor, the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor showed a significant improvement in sensitivity, recovery time, and selectivity. For example, at the optimal operating temperature of 340 °C, the response of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor to 100 ppm acetone could reach ∼208.7, which was 39 times higher than that of the pure ZnO sensor. And the recovery time of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor was reduced to 15.4 s. Meanwhile, the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor had the highest selectivity for acetone. The significant improvement of the sensing performance of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor might be attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunctions and the good catalytic effect of LaFeO3.

Enhanced Acetone Gas Sensing Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films Developed by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Method

The acetone sensing capabilities of pure and Al-doped ZnO thin films developed by the sol-gel dip coating technique were examined inthis study. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of Al doping concentration on the structural, morphological and sensing characteristics of the films. The results showed that acetone gas detection in ZnO thin films might be enhanced by doping with Al. In particular, when exposed to 10 ppm of acetone at room temperature, the response of 3 at% Al-doped ZnO thin film was the highest, achieving 53% and showed a fast response time of 6 s and a recovery time of 32 s. The researchers conducted additional investigations into the selectivity of acetone in the film when exposed to various interfering gases. The results revealed that acetone exhibited a favourable level of selectivity. The results presented herein demonstrate the effectiveness of sol-gel dip-coated thin films of Al-doped ZnO in the context of acetone gas sensing applications.

Enhanced Acetone Sensing at Room Temperature using Tailored Co3O4 Nanostructures-Coated Optical Fibers: An Application towards Non-invasive Blood Glucose Sensor

Detection of acetone molecules is of paramount importance in the fields of healthcare, air quality monitoring and industrial uses. Herein, we proposed a room temperature Co3O4 nanoparticles coated optical fiber acetone gas sensor. Structural, morphological and uniformity coating of synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. Interestingly, sensing studies uncovered the linear characteristic in output detector current with change in 0-2.5 ppm acetone concentration for all the sensors (named as F-S350, F-S500 and F-S1000 sensors coated with nanoparticles annealed at 350, 500 and 1000°C, respectively). The F-S350 sensor divulged a significant increase in output current, sensitivity around 15 times higher and reduced limit-of-detection (LoD) values with regard to F-S1000 device. Furthermore, the sensing parameters were augmented by exposed to lower acetone concentration. The experimental findings established the F-S350 sensor as a superior device, which is explained by the evanescent field distribution outside coating region of fiber through FDTD simulation. Typically, the concentration of acetone gas in diabetic patients is above 1.8 ppm than healthy people (range 0.3-0.9 ppm), and therefore the proposed room temperature F- S350 device having LoD value 0.15 ppm can be deemed as a biomarker for the detection of acetone molecules in diabetic patients.

Ethanol and Acetone Gas Sensor Properties of Porous Silicon Based on Resistance Response

Ethanol and Acetone Gas Sensor Properties of Porous Silicon Based on Resistance Response

Acetone gas sensor based on PVA self-assembled WGM microbottle resonator coated with PDMS

In this paper, an acetone gas sensor based on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) self-assembled whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbottle resonator coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is proposed and demonstrated. The preparation of the PVA self-assembled microresonator and the coating of PDMS are all finished by employing a dip coater. Compared with the PVA microresonator and the PDMS microresonator, the PVA microresonator coated with PDMS shows the highest acetone gas sensitivity, which is up to −6.34 pm/ppm. Besides, it can effectively reduce the effects of humidity on the detection of acetone gas compared to the PVA microresonator. Since the concentration of acetone in breathing gas is an indicator of diabetes, the proposed sensor with the benefits of small size, low cost, and simple manufacture using non-toxic materials presents promising applications for painless and non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes.

Fe2O3 Nanorod/Bacterial Cellulose Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Enhanced Acetone Sensing

Structures and performances from nature provide ideas for humans to deal with energy and environmental crisis. Inspired from natural structures, bacterial cellulose nanofibers with a fine-meshed network were selected as the raw materials to design acetone gas sensors. Here, Fe2O3 nanorods were successfully introduced on the surface of carbon nanofibers by a feasible hydrothermal catalytic carbonization at 120 °C. Lots of heterojunctions between the bacterial cellulose carbon nanofiber and the Fe2O3 nanorod were constructed, resulting in high gas-sensing properties to acetone vapor. At room temperature, the response of Fe2O3/bacterial cellulose carbon nanofiber composite (BCCF–Fe2O3) to 5 ppm of acetone reached 2060% within 10 s. BCCF–Fe2O3 showed high sensitivity and selectivity, ppb-level detection limit (100.7 ppb), nice long-term stability (30 days), low energy consumption (1.4 μW), and good anti-humidity performance in acetone detection. To our surprise, BCCF–Fe2O3 had realized ultrasensitive exhaled acetone detection within 16 s, proving an effective and inexpensive strategy for diabetic noninvasive diagnosis.

Acetone gas sensor based on Nb2O5 @SnO2 hybrid structure with high selectivity and ppt-level sensitivity

For air quality monitoring and medical diagnosis, the development of sensors for low-concentration acetone gas is desirable but challenging. In this study, Nb2O5 nanoparticles were loaded onto SnO2 nanosheets to build a hybrid structure with a loose structure as sensor materials. The spiky Nb2O5 (s-Nb2O5) exhibited a higher response for acetone detection than the Nb2O5 nanorods (r-Nb2O5). Gas sensors based on the s-Nb2O5 @SnO2 composite exhibited a remarkable enhancement in the acetone sensing-performance, with high response, a low detection limit, and good selectivity at 250 ℃. The response of the s-Nb2O5 @SnO2 composites to 500 ppb acetone was nearly 37, which was superior to that of the pure SnO2 nanosheets, with a response of 12; the experimental and theoretical limits of detection (LODs) were 40 ppt and 4.77 ppt, respectively. The present experimental and theoretical LODs are the lowest among those reported for gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors. The high response likely originates from the n-n heterostructure, synergistic effect, and the existence of a large amount of chemisorbed oxygen. Additionally, the loose structure played significant roles in the enhanced sensing performance. Such favorable acetone sensing performance endows these s-Nb2O5 @SnO2 heterostructures with potential applicability in ppt-level acetone gas detection.

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Morphology and Acetone Gas Sensing Properties of Fe3O4-C Nanocomposites Prepared via Green Synthesis

Fe3O4-C nanostructured composites were used for the fabrication of thin films as active layers in resistive chemical sensors. Nearly spherical and porous structures were obtained via green method using olive leaf extract (OLE) followed by thermal process at 300 °C and 550 °C, respectively, for high-performance gas sensing applications. The prepared sensors were measured with various concentrations of toxic gases such as acetone (C3H6O), ethanol (C2H5OH), and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different operating temperatures. The gas sensing results illustrated that the porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite exhibited high response of 15.71, 225.35 and 3141.66 toward 20, 100 and 1000 ppm of acetone gas at 300 °C. The sensor based on porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite also indicated fast response and recovery time as well as higher response to acetone compared to ethanol and CO2 gases. The better gas-sensing properties of the porous nanostructures can be attributed to the higher surface area of porous compared with the nearly spherical structure which is confirmed using BET analysis. The gas sensing performance of porous Fe3O4-C nanocomposite reveals that it can be a good sensing material for the fabrication of acetone gas sensors.

Study on gas sensitivity of ZnO@NiO loaded functional carbon materials

We carefully design and prepare a kind of functional carbon material AHC (acetylenic acid - hexamethylene diamine - carbon) using alkynyl acid and cyclohexadiene as raw materials, which load on ZnO@NiO to prepare acetone gas sensor. Studies show that the most appropriate amount of AHC on ZnO@NiO is 0.12% and the best working temperature is 200°C. By comparison, ZnO@NiO@AHC sensor for 100 ppm acetone gas has a maximum response value of 49.08, which is twice as high as of ZnO@NiO sensor. The minimum detection limit is 1 ppm. There is an approximate linear relationship between the concentration and the sensitivity in the range of 1–300 ppm.

Highly Improved Acetone Gas Sensing Performance of Mesoporous Cobaltosic Oxide Nanoparticles and Physical Mechanism

Mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles are now widely employed in a variety of applications across the world. It is both environmentally and economically favorable. It was well prepared in this study using a cost-effective thermal stirring procedure. The X-ray diffraction method at ambient temperature was used to explain the formation of single spinel structure, purity, and cat-ion distribution of the material, and the lattice constant of mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles was 8.23 Å. SEM and EDX examination were used to investigate phase formation, elemental content, and surface morphology. The average particle size for primitive mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles is 17nm. DRS determined the band gap for mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles to be 1.48 eV for direct band bending and 2.19 eV for indirect band gap. The sensitivities of the sample are greater due to the mesoporous-structures with a large surface area. Mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles have a greater specific surface area (59.63m2 g− 1), resulting in good acetone gas sensing characteristics at the optimal working temperature of 150°C. Furthermore, the sample exhibits high stability and selectivity against acetone gas. The gas-sensing mechanism is determined by comparing the sensitivity of Mesoporous Cobaltosic oxide nanoparticles to surface oxygen and acetone gas adsorption. It is the best among the top other materials, according to the results.

MOF-Derived SnO2 hollow spheres for Acetone Gas Sensing

MOF-Derived SnO2 hollow spheres for Acetone Gas Sensing

Facile synthesis of Pt catalysts functionalized porous ZnO nanowires with enhanced gas-sensing properties

Low working temperature and high sensitivity of gas sensors are critical in their practical applications; however, these properties are usually contradictory and cannot be realized simultaneously. Here, ZnO porous nanowires (PNWs) are prepared by a modified electrospinning method, and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are doped on their surface by chemical reduction. The effects on morphology, specific surface area, and oxygen vacancy are discussed for the acetone gas-sensing performance. Results showed that Pt-ZnO PNWs responded optimally to acetone gas at 160 °C at 16.7–1.8 ppm, which was three-fold greater than that of pristine ZnO PNWs. In addition, the lowest detection limit is 50 ppb, a ten-fold lower level than pristine ZnO PNWs. The sensor exhibits superior acetone selectivity, humidity resistance, repeatability, long-time stability, noble metals, and a porous design with a large surface area, providing synergistic effects that increase the number of surface adsorption sites. Thus, the approach provided a new comprehension for loading a high-dispersibility catalyst onto the porous structure surface as a potential breath analyzer.

Exploring novel p-n core/shell structure in single α-Fe2O3 nanorods of hierarchical hollow microspheres for ultrasensitive acetone gas sensor

Fabricating metal oxide sensors with super-sensitivity and good distinguishing properties for gases is a challenge due to the difficulties in controlling vacancy-type structural defects of nanomaterials and the data processing. In this paper, we reported the fabrication of hierarchical α-Fe2O3 hollow microsphere (HFHM)-based sensor using a facile and scalable method with uniform-micro spherical carbon templates, as well as the data analysis using artificial intelligence (AI). The shell of the unique hollow microspheres was built by connecting many α-Fe2O3 nanorods, so the superstructures have 0D, 1D, and 3D structural features. In these α-Fe2O3 nanorods, positron annihilation measurements revealed abundant oxygen-vacancy clusters (11 atoms), nanopores (0.53 nm) and p-n core/shell structure. The HFHM-based sensors, hence, exhibited an extremely high sensitivity toward acetone (Response = 320 (200 ppm), limited detection (DL) ∼ 250 ppt) and ethanol (Response = 300 (200 ppm), DL ∼ 500 ppt), as well as a super-fast response time (1–2 s). In particular, by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an applied AI tool, we were able to significantly improve the distinguishing and selective abilities of acetone and ethanol (high-response gas groups) as well as H2, CO and NH3 (low-response gas groups).