Acetone Extract Of Roots Research Articles

Comparative Study on Phytochemical Screening of Root and Bark with Leaf of Cardiospermum Halicacabum

Aim: The Present study was designed to compare the phytochemical screening of root and bark with leaf of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken leaf (N=24) root and bark (N=24) based on the total sample size using clinical.com. The leaf, root and bark extract were collected. The phytochemicals were extracted by sequential extraction using three solvents methanol, ethanol and acetone. The quantification of flavonoids and phenols was performed by using Folin-Ciocalteu and quercetin as standard. Quantification of tannins was determined by using an insoluble polyvinyl-polypyrrolidone (PVPP) as standard. Results: Statistical analysis showed that methanol extract of root (0.49mg/ml) has highest phenolic content and acetone extract of root has highest tannin (0.64mg/ml) and flavonoid (1.18mg/ml) content when compared with leaf and bark. There appears to be a statistically significant difference in the mean of root when compared with leaf and bark (p<0.01, independent samples). Conclusion: In this study root appears to have better phytochemical and phenol content when compared with the content in leaf and bark.

Chemometrics Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts of Chaerophyllum Bulbosum Roots and Aerial Parts

The objective of this study was provide the first report to assess the high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) identification of phytochemicals, the spectrophotometric determination of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of the root and aerial extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum. HPLC-DAD identified the main phytochemical to be rosmarinic acid in the roots in the acetone (CBRA) (13.98 ± 0.12 mg/g) and the aerial water (CBAW) extract; myricetin (8.30 ± 0.22 mg/g) in the root methanol extract (CBRM); trans-aconitic acid (6.46 ± 0.49 mg/g) in the root water extract (CBRW) and fumaric acid in the aerial methanol (CBAM) (17.43 ± 0.87 mg/g) and water CBAW (18.96 ± 0.81 mg/g) extracts. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were 2.00 ± 0.14-17.79 ± 0.99 µg PEs/mg extract and 2.90 ± 0.00-27.64 ± 0.37 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the root acetone extract (CBRA) using the β-carotene-linoleic (IC50: 172.31 ± 0.16 µg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 126.00 ± 0.24 µg/mL) assays and in the root water extract (CBRW) for DPPH• (IC50: 59.51 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and metal chelating (IC50: 65.91 ± 0.36 µg/mL) assays in the aerial water extract (CBAW) using the ABTS•+ (IC50: 59.51 ± 0.21 µg/mL) assay. The relationship between the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the extracts was chemometrically determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

Anticancer potentials of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Achyranthes aspera L.

Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae), an herbaceous roadside weed in various parts of India, has several therapeutic uses, including the treatment against cancer. This investigation was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds conferring cytotoxicity to the extracts from its biomass. The powdered leaf, stem, and root biomass was extracted separately in ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Each extract was tested against the HeLa cell line for the cytotoxicity, but the root-acetone extract was the most cytotoxic. This extract revealed eleven bands. The solution obtained from the ninth band (Rf = 0.87±0.06) exhibited more than 90% inhibition of HeLa cells. The LCMS analysis of this solution showed the presence of 37 compounds, out of which few compounds had been reported from different plants to possess cytotoxicity in various systems.

Anticancer effects elicited by combination of Rubus extract with phthalocyanine photosensitiser on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel approach for the treatment of cancer and other related diseases. Breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death in women. This study was carried out to investigate the photosensitizing capacity of Rubus fairholmianus root acetone extract (RFRA) in vitro. MethodsRFRA was coupled with phthalocyanine photosensitizer to enhance the therapeutic properties on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Comparatively low dose photosensitizer (PS) and Rubus extract have been used for the conjugation as it induces cell death at low doses. The diode laser of wavelength 680 nm and 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2 fluencies have been used for PDT experiments/laser irradiation. MCF-7 cells were exposed to Rubus extract and conjugated Rubus-PS for 24 h and analysed the alterations in cell morphology, proliferation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. ResultsThe PDT-treated cells displayed substantial features of apoptotic cell death by changes in morphology with a reduction in cell number, development of apoptotic bodies and cell detachment from culture plates. Cellular viability (51.25% for RFRA-PS at 15 J/cm2) and Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) proliferation of treated cells reduced significantly and the cytotoxicity increased in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The Annexin V/PI double staining supports the caspase 3/7 activities by the increased apoptotic cells population and the increased levels of cytochrome c. ConclusionOur results show that the phototoxic properties of RFRA and photosensitizer may be through the caspase-mediated apoptosis and it can be summarised that Rubus may be a potent anticancer plant with phototoxic effects on breast cancer cells.

Phytochemical investigation of Aloe pulcherrima roots and evaluation for its antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities.

Medicinal plants with documented traditional uses remain an important source for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. Evidence shows that majority of the Ethiopian population are still dependent on traditional medicine. Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert & Sebsebe is one of the endemic Aloe species traditionally used for the treatment of malaria and wound healing in central, Southern and Northern part of Ethiopia. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to isolate active compounds from roots of A. pulcherrima and evaluate for their antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities using standard test strains. Bioassay-guided sequential extraction and column chrom-atographic separation were employed for the isolation of bioactive pure compounds. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectro-scopic techniques. Disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds against four bacterial strains specifically (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The malaria SYBR Green I-based in vitro assay technique was used for in vitro antiplasmodial activity evaluation of the compounds against chloroquine resistant (D6) and -sensitive (W2) strains of P. falciparum. Three compounds, chrysophanol, aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II were isolated from the acetone extracts of roots of A. pulcherrima. Evaluation of antibacterial activities revealed that aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II had significant activities against all the bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 18–27 mm as compared to the reference drug (gentamicin), which displayed inhibition zone diameter ranging between 20 mm (B. subtilis) and 25 mm (P. aeruginosa). The isolated compounds showed moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine resistant (W2) -sensitive (D6) strains. Isolation of chrysophanol, aloesaponarin I and aloesaponarin II from roots of A. pulcherrima is the first report of its kind. The finding could be used for further comprehensive evaluation of the isolated compounds for their antibacterial and antimalarial activities besides consideration of the same for potent drug development.

Antifungal efficacy of leaf, flower and root extracts of Aerva lanata (Linn.) against some selected fungal pathogens

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of different parts like leaf, flower and root extracts of Aerva lanata (L.). Material and Methods: The antifungal activity of different solvents like acetone, aqueous, benzene and ethylacetate extracts of A. lanata against Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asa hii and Mucor indicus was studied by agar well diffusion method. Results: Benzene extract of leaf of A. lanata showed maximum zone of inhibition against Aspergillus flavus . The benzene extract of flower showed antifungal activity against Trichosporon asahii . The acetone extract of root showed antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asahii and Mucor indicus. Conclusion: The best antifungal activity was observed in all solvent extracts of root of A. lanata against selected fungal species such as Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asahii and Mucor indicus , when compared with leaf and flower extracts. In future, there is in need of study to isolate and purify the active phytocompounds, which possess antifungal activity against above mentioned fungal species and it may be useful in the treatment of fungal diseases.

Antiproliferative effects of extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Saliva miltiorrhiza Bunge on hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Salvia species have been used as valuable medicinal and herbal plant in many countries. Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge are widely used in traditional medicine for a long time. In the present study, cytotoxicity of ethanol and acetone extracts prepared from leaves and roots of two Salvia species was investigated using hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and normal human liver cells (WRL-68). The cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative abilities of the extracts were evaluated by measuring cell viability (MTS assay), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, the cellular ATP level, morphological changes using an inverted microscope, and apoptosis using flow cytometry. The results indicated that ethanol and acetone extracts of leaves and roots of S. officinalis (SO-L-E, SO-L-A, SO-R-E and SO-R-A, respectively) and ethanol and acetone extracts of roots of S. miltiorrhiza (SM-R-E and SM-R-A, respectively) significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner when the concentration was less than 150μg/mL. The cytotoxity of SO-L-E, SO-R-E and SO-R-A were significantly less in WRL-68 when compared to HepG2 cells in vitro. The increase of LDH leakage, decrease of ATP and the changes in morphology of HepG2 cells further confirmed the cytotoxic effect of these extracts to HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SO-L-E, SO-L-A, SO-R-E ethanol extract of leaves of S. miltiorrhiza (SM-L-E) and SM-R-E were able to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This study shows the potential of the extracts to be used in the prevention and/or treatment of liver cancer or as ingredients in functional foods and provides scientific support for development and utilization of S. officinalis and S. miltiorrhiza, especially the roots of S. officinalis.

Caspase dependent apoptotic inhibition of melanoma and lung cancer cells by tropical Rubus extracts.

Rubus fairholmianus Gard. inhibits human melanoma (A375) and lung cancer (A549) cell growth by the caspase dependent apoptotic pathway. Herbal products have a long history of clinical use and acceptance. They are freely available natural compounds that can be safely used to prevent various ailments. The plants and plant derived products became the basis of traditional medicine system throughout the world for thousands of years. The effects of R. fairholmianus root acetone extract (RFRA) on the proliferation of A375 and A549 cells was examined in this study. RFRA led to a decrease in cell viability, proliferation and an increase in cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner when compared with control and normal skin fibroblast cells (WS1). The morphology of treated cells supported apoptotic cell death. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining indicated that RFRA induced apoptosis in A375 and A549 cells and the percentages of early and late apoptotic populations significantly increased. Moreover, the apoptotic inducing ability of RFRA when analysing effector caspase 3/7 activity, indicated a marked increase in treated cells. In summary, we have shown the anticancer effects of RFRA in A375 and A549 cancer cells via induction of caspase dependent apoptosis in vitro. The extract is more effective against melanoma; which may suggest the usefulness of RFRA-based anticancer therapies.

STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF PLANT EXTRACTS, POSSESSING ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT AGAINST VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR, USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Study the composition of plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. (HPLC) and evaluation of their antimicrobial effect against Vibrio cholerae El Tor. Qualitative and quantitative composition of plant extracts was studied using HPLC. Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was carried out by diffusion into agar method and serial dilutions method. Antibacterial effect of water, water-alcohol and acetone extracts of roots of Limonium gmelinii L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was studied. The most effective methods of extraction of biologically active substances, possessing antimicrobial effect against various strains of V. cholerae El Tor, were determined. The use of HPLC allowed to establish the presence of catechines, alkaloids protoberberines and glycyrrhizic acid in xtracts, possessing antimicrobial effect against V. cholera El Tor strains.

English

The antimicrobial activities of the different aerial and root extracts of Salvia cilicica were determined aiming to evaluate whether, it can be used in phytotherapy as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of roots and aerial parts of S. cilicica extracts was evaluated using micro dilution and disc diffusion methods against Gram positive and Gram negative reference standard microorganisms and yeast Candida albicans. All of the extracts, with the exception of ethanol extract, showed antimicrobial activity by using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) tests. The roots-petroleum ether and acetone extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity (MIC’s ranges 20-313 μg/ml) against Gram positive bacteria. The root-acetone extract showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria in comparison to other extracts. The most remarkable result of the antimicrobial activities is that, except for the ethanol extract, the S. cilicica had a good inhibitory effect (MIC’s ranges 20-313 μg/ml) against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella cholerasuis, and was noticed to be more active in paper disc diffusion test against Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria. The roots petroleum ether and acetone extracts exhibited activity against C. albicans. In conclusion, S. cilicica had a potential therapeutic value supporting its traditional usage in folk medicine. Key words: Salvia cilicica, Gram positive, Gram negative, yeast, antimicrobial, endemic.

In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect of the Acetone Extract of Rubus fairholmianus Gard. Root on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Plants and plant derived products exert chemopreventive effects on various cancer cell lines by the induction of cell death mechanisms. The effects of root acetone extract of Rubus fairholmianus (RFRA) on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer (Caco-2) cells have been investigated in this study. The extract led to a dose dependent decrease in both viability and proliferation and increased cytotoxicity using trypan blue exclusion, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphological features of the treated cells were supportive for the antiproliferative activity. The Annexin V/propidium iodide staining indicated that R. fairholmianus induced toxic effects in Caco-2 cells and the percentages of the early and late apoptotic population significantly increased when compared with control cells. Also we studied the apoptosis inducing ability of the extract by analysing caspase 3/7 activity and the induction of cell death via the effector caspases was confirmed; the activity increased in treated cells compared with control. Thus the present findings highlight that the R. fairholmianus root acetone extract exhibits antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 cells by the induction of apoptosis via caspase dependent pathway.

Antiviral and cytotoxic evaluation of coumarins from Prangos ferulacea

Context: Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Apiaceae) is a perennial plant found in the Middle-East, where it is commonly used as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is a rich source of coumarins.Objective: To purify several coumarins from P. ferulacea and to screen their cytotoxicity and anti-herpes activity.Materials and methods: Acetone extract of roots of P. ferulacea was subjected to several chromatographic separations to render pure coumarins (1–8). Anti-herpes virus effects of 1–7 were evaluated at concentration 2.5, 5, and 10 µgmL−1, on a confluent monolayer of Vero cells infected with 25 PFU of HSV1. Cytotoxic effects of 1 and 2 were evaluated on an A2780S cell line using the MTT assay. The cells were exposed to a series of concentrations of coumarins (0.01–2.5 mM, 37°C, 72 h).Results: Compounds 1–8 were identified as osthole, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanin, psoralen, oxypeucedanin hydrate, gosferol, oxypeucedanin methnolate, and pranferol. This is the first report of occurrence of 4 and 7 in this plant. Compound 1 showed a viability of 9.41% ± 2.4 at 2.5 mM on A2780S cells (IC50 = 0.38 mM). The cell survival of 2 at 2.5 mM was 46.86% ± 5.5 with IC50 equal to 1.1 mM.Discussion and conclusion: Compound 1 shows cytotoxic effects on the A2780S cell line. Compound 2 is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and the A2780S cell line does not express COX-2 which may interpret the non-toxic effect of the compound on this cell line. None of the tested compounds showed an anti-HSV effect at non-toxic concentrations.

Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of Rubus fairholmianus Gard. root—An in vivo study

This study aims to develop an effective therapeutic agent from Rubus fairholmianus root acetone extract (RFRA) against inflammatory related diseases as this plant is being used in folk medicine to treat various other ailments. The root acetone extract (up to 2000mg/kg b. wt.) was used to observe acute toxicity in mice for 14 days. Two doses (200 and 400mg/kg) were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw edema in rats and croton oil induced ear edema in mice. Both the doses significantly reduced the paw and ear edema compared to indomethacin. The acute dermal toxicity studies for RFRA extract were carried out and examined for wound healing activity at two doses (1% and 2%) in excision, incision, staphylococcus aureus infected and burn wound models in rat. RFRA 2% depicted significant wound healing properties; by increasing the percentage of wound contraction thereby by decreasing the period of epithelization compared with betadine (5%) and neomycin (5%). We have assumed that the peak shown close to the standard quercetin in the extract could be quercetin like compound (20.89min). RFRA showed significant anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties which may be due to the presence of analogues of quercetin and other related polyphenolic compounds and hence it has immense scope as an effective source to develop a drug for the treatment of inflammatory related disorders.

Chemical Constituents of Aerial Parts and Roots of <i>Pycnanthemum flexuosum</i>

An extract of whole plants of Pycnanthemum flexuosum showed an inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase activity. From an 80% acetone extract of aerial parts, 3-[(3E)-4-phenylbut-3-enoylamino]propionic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-[3,4-diacetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester, vanillic acid 1-O-[(5-O-syringoyl)-β-D-apiofuranosyl]-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one were isolated together with 30 known compounds. Six known compounds were isolated from an 80% acetone extract of roots, and eritrichin was revealed as a hyaluronidase inhibitor in P. flexuosum.

Bioguided fractionation and isolation of esculentoside P from Phytolacca americana L.

Various solvent extracts from different organs of Phytolacca americana L. were tested for their acaricidal activities against female carmine spider mite [Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)] adults by slide-dip bioassay. The acetone extracts of roots with mortality rates of 95.72% and 100.00% at 2.5mg/mL were more active than those of leaves and stems and compared with other solvent extracts from other organs after 48 and 72h of treatment, respectively. The root acetone extracts were fractionated using a silica gel column; after thin-layer chromatography, the concentrated extracts were separated into 15 groups and further analyzed for their acaricidal activities. The ninth fraction exhibited the highest acaricidal activity. Phytochemical evaluation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that esculentoside P was the dominant active phytolaccasaponin in the said fraction. This biological compound is a promising candidate as an acaricide against T. cinnabarinus.

Antioxidant and antipyretic studies on Pothos scandens L

To investigate Pothos scandens for the in vitro antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Preliminary phytochemicals, total phenolics and flavonoid contents were analyzed in leaf, stem and root samples. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+) radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, metal chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The antipyretic activity of root methanol extract was studied by pyrexia induced by brewer's yeast on Wistar albino rats at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug. The total phenolics and tannin content were found to be higher in ethanol extract of stem, whereas total flavonoid content was higher in acetone extract of root. The methanol extract of root showed highest free radical scavenging activity in assays namely ABTS assay (8 221.5 μM TE/g extract), FRAP assay [514.4 mM Fe (II)/g extract], hydrogen peroxide (60.3%) and nitric oxide scavenging assays (58.7%). The DPPH assay and superoxide radical assay results revealed that the ethanol extract of root has remarkable free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 0.284 mg/mL and 70.84%). The antipyretic studies on methanol extract of root showed significant reduction of temperature in pyrexia induced rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. These findings justify that Pothos scandens can be a valuable natural antioxidant and antipyretic source which seemed to provide potential nutraceuticals for human health.

In vitro antioxidant potential of different parts of Solanum surattense Burm. f.

The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of acetone and methanol extracts of Solanum surattense leaves, stem, fruits, and roots by various in vitro systems. Higher levels of total phenolics (28.9 g/100 g extract) and tannins (18.7 g/100 g extract) were observed in acetone extract of roots. Results indicated that, the acetone extract of S. surattense roots exhibited higher activity against DPPH•, ABTS•+, OH• radical scavenging, and phosphomolybdenum reduction. Methanol extract of the roots contained relatively higher level of ferric reducing/antioxidant power, whereas methanol extract of stem showed higher metal chelation. At a concentration of 200 μg in the final reaction mixture, both the acetone and methanol extracts of roots were found to have recognizable peroxidation inhibition and antihemolytic activity. Owing to these antioxidant properties, the above plant can be considered as natural source of dietary antioxidants and nutraceuticals.

Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Paeonia emodi Root Extract Phospholipid Complex in Mice

Paeonia emodi root (popularly known as Ood saleeb in Unani medicine) acetone extract exerts potent anticonvulsant activity but reduced bioavailability of the extract is a major limitation; therefore, to overcome this constraint, phospholipids complex of Paeonia emodi root acetone extract was prepared. The present research work aimed at evaluating the improved anticonvulsant and other neuropharmacological benefits of developed Paeonia emodi phospholipid complex against Paeonia emodi root acetone extract in mice. The complex of extract was prepared with SPC (Soy Phosphatidylcholine) at a ratio of 1:1. The prepared formulation was evaluated against the uncomplexed whole extract for its anticonvulsant, antioxidant and antidepressant activity at dose level of 300mg/kg and 400mg/kg (p.o.) in Swiss Albino mice. Acetone extract-Phospholipid complex significantly (*p<0.05) delayed the onset of, and antagonized PTZ & ICES induced seizures. Prepared formulation also antagonized picrotoxin induced seizures significantly as compared to extract at both the dose levels. Furthermore, the formulation also exhibited enhanced antianxiety, antioxidant and antidepressant properties as compared to the extract. The developed phospholipid complex of Paeonia emodi root acetone extract showed an improved bioavailability than the existing pure herbal extract. It is, therefore, expected that this might lead to a dose reduction of the extract with improved neuropharmacological effects.

Evaluation of Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. for in vitro antioxidant activity

Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. is a member of Convolvulaceae family. This plant is used in the treatment of various ailments in folk medicine. In the present study, total phenolic contents and antioxidative properties of aerial parts and roots of M. tridentata were examined in different solvent extracts. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the ability of the extracts to scavenge the DPPH•, ABTS•+, and OH•. In addition, the reducing power, phosphomolybdenum reduction, Fe2+ chelation, antihemolytic activity, and inhibition of peroxidation were also assessed. The acetone extract of roots contained relatively higher levels of total phenolics (35.1 g/100 g extract), and possessed significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Whereas, the hot water extract of aerial parts exhibited the maximum iron chelation. The results obtained in the in vitro models clearly suggest that, M. tridentate is a natural source for antioxidants and validate the folkloric use of the plant.

Antioxidant activity of flavonoids isolated from Scutellaria rehderiana

AbstractThe present study examined the antioxidant activity in heated canola oil of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of dry roots of gansu huangqin (Scutellaria rehderiana) as well as six flavonoids isolated from the acetone and methanol extracts. The oxidation was conducted at 95°C by monitoring oxygen consumption and decreases in both linoleic and α‐linolenic acids. The acetone extract was most effective in inhibiting oxidation of canola oil, followed by the methanol extract. The antioxidant activity of gansu huangqin acetone extract was dose‐dependent. Among the six flavonoids, baicalein and ganhuangenin were more effective than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in protecting canola oil from oxidation. The present results suggest that the acetone extract of this root may be a potential source of natural antioxidants for use in processed foods.