Acetate Crystals Research Articles

Effects of l-Cysteine in Zinc Bis Thiourea Acetate (ZBTA) Crystal Lattice

The current work deals with the synthesis and characterization of l-cysteine doped Zinc Bis Thiourea Acetate (ZBTA) crystals. The l-cysteine doped Zinc Bis Thiourea Acetate (ZBTA) reveals noticeable morphological changes due to various types of dopand. Lattice parameters were observed using single crystal x-ray diffraction (SXRD) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD). From the XRD data, it is clear that the Zinc Bis thiourea acetate (ZBTA) was crystallized in a monoclinic structure. The crystallite size and strain of the material were calculated using the Williamson-Hall plot (W-H plot). The existence of functional groups and vibrational modes of l-cysteine doped Zinc Bis thiourea acetate (ZBTA) crystals were predicted qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were identified by recording the UV–Visible spectrum, showing that the crystal is transparent in the complete visible region. Various optical parameters were calculated. An etching and hardness test was performed to study the crystal growth nature and the strength of the crystal. Thermal analyses (TGA) of the present crystal were performed and identified that the material possessed good thermal stability up to 188°C. The second order non-linear optical efficiency (SHG) of the grown crystal was determined by powder Kurtz-Perry test, which confirmed that l-cysteine doped ZBTA possesses SHG properties. The laser damage threshold (LDT) analysis was performed using Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the laser damage threshold value of the crystal was found to be higher than that of standard KDP material. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, sharp and broad peaks were identified; from the emission of colors, the l-cysteine doped ZBTA crystal was deemed suitable for applications in violet, blue and green color light emitting diodes. The energy corresponding to the particular wavelength was also calculated.

Growth and Characterization of Pure and Doped L-Histidine Acetate Crystals

Optically transparent single crystal of pure and metal (La3+) doped LHA crystals. Powder X-ray diffraction studies were carried out and the lattice parameters were calculated by least square method for the grown pure and doped crystals. The presence of various functional groups and chemical bonding present in the crystals was identified and assigned qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman analysis. The UV visible spectrums show that the grown crystal has wide optical transparency in the entire visible region. Thermal analysis (TG-DTA), mechanical behaviour of the crystal was measured using Vickers microhardness tester and this study confirms that the grown crystal belongs to soft material category. The SHG efficiency of the pure and doped LHA crystals were also studied using Nd:YAG Q-switched laser.

Crystal Growth, Spectral, Optical and Thermal Studies of Thiourea Ammonium Acetate Doped Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal for NLO Applications

The non-linear optical single crystal of thiourea ammonium acetate doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate was grown by slow evaporation solution technique of size 19 × 11 × 4 mm3. The crystallographic unit cell parameters of grown crystal were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The optical study revealed that the doped KDP crystal has high transmittance, low cut off wavelength and high optical band gap. The enhanced second harmonic generation efficiency of doped KDP crystal was determined by employing Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The third order non-linear absorption coefficient (β), non-linear refractive index (n2) and susceptibility [χ(3)] were calculated using Z-scan technique. The laser damage threshold of grown crystal has been determined. The thermal properties of the grown crystal were carried out by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis.

Analysis on fluorescence, functional groups and optical behaviour of DL-Valine Cadmium Acetate and DL-Valine Zinc Acetate crystals

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.

Once again on the existence of L-threoninium acetate

All five published papers on L-threoninium acetate (including the recent paper by A. Senthamizhan et al., Structural, chemical and physical properties of pure and La3+ doped L-Threonine acetate crystals. J. Mol. Struct. 1149 (2017) 373–378) are erroneous. In fact, in all cases the obtained crystal was L-threonine.

Synthesis, crystal structure, growth and characterization of an optical organic material: 4-Aminopyridinium Trichloro acetate single crystal

Novel organic nonlinear optical material 4-Aminopyridinium Trichloro Acetate (4ATCA) crystals were grown from aqueous solution by the slow evaporation method for the first time. Single Crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the grown crystal belongs to an orthorhombic system with a space group of Pbca. The morphological study identifies various planes in the crystal and prominent plane was found to be (0–10). The presence of functional groups and other chemical components were analyzed by FTIR study. The crystal is transparent in the entire visible region (350 nm–700 nm) and a lower cut-off value was found to be 218 nm. The laser damage threshold value of the crystal was estimated to be 3.2 GW/cm2. The sharp endothermic peak at 170.5 °C, limits its NLO applications. The low dielectric loss value reveals lower defect density of the grown crystal. SHG test shows that the material 4ATCA has conversion efficiency, 1.5 times that of KDP crystal.

Phenol red dyed bis thiourea cadmium acetate monocrystal growth and characterization for optoelectronic applications

Abstract

Engineering fast dissolving sodium acetate mediated crystalline solid dispersion of docetaxel

It is hypothesized that a novel crystalline solid dispersion (CSD) of docetaxel (C-DXT) can be engineered by dispersing native docetaxel (DXT, a BCS class II drug) in sodium acetate crystal (SA). DXT is dissolved in glacial acetic/SA solution and freeze-dried. The resulting C-DXT is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray analysis (PXRD), LC-MS/MS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Its cytotoxicity on model cancerous (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) and normal breast cells (MCF-10A) is assessed by MTS assay. SEM/TEM data and the absence of the characteristics peaks of DXT on the DSC curve (at 193.4 °C) and the XRD scan (at 2θ = 15.31 °C and 23.04 °C) confirm the presence of C-DXT in SA. The LC-MS/MS data indicates the chemical stability of DXT. The yield and C-DXT loading are 95.2% and 6.52% w/w, respectively. The C-DXT rapidly forms an aqueous non-rigid nanosuspension with a faster drug dissolution rate compared to native DXT. Unlike, control Tween 80/ethanol, SA is noncytotoxic to normal cells. However, C-DXT’s cytotoxicity is time and dose dependent for all diseased cells. This unique CSD process might be applicable to other hydrophobic bioactive agents to enhance their safety and efficacy.

Transfiguring structural, optical and dielectric properties of cadmium thiourea acetate crystal by the addition of L-threonine for laser assisted device applications

Present investigation reports the growth of pure and L-threonine (LT) doped cadmium thiourea acetate (CTA) crystals by slow solution evaporation technique followed by structural, optical and dielectric characterization studies. A bulk single crystal of LT-CTA has been grown at temperature 38 °C. The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique has been employed to confirm the structural parameters of pure and LT doped CTA crystals. The increase in optical transparency of LT-CTA crystal was ascertained in the range of 200 to 900 nm using UV–visible spectral analysis. The widened optical band gap of the LT-CTA crystal is found to be 4.7 eV. Pure and doped crystals are subjected to FT-IR analysis to indicate the presence of functional groups quantitatively. Appreciable enhancement in second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LT-CTA crystal with reference to parent CTA was confirmed from Kurtz–Perry SHG test (1.31 times of CTA crystal). The assertive influence of LT on electrical properties of grown crystals has been investigated in the temperature range 35 °C–120 °C. Electronic purity and the color centered photoluminescence emission nature of pure and IA-CTA crystals were justified by luminescence analysis. With the aid of single beam Z-scan analysis, the Kerr lensing nonlinearity was identified and the magnitude of TONLO parameters has been determined. The cubic susceptibility (χ3) and figure of merit (FOM) was found to be 4.81 × 10−4esu and 978.35. Results vitalize LT-CTA for laser stabilization systems.

Phenol red dyed Bis thiourea Zinc acetate crystal growth and characterization for electro-optic applications

In current work, the growth of dyed Bis thiourea Zinc acetate single crystals of size ∼30 mm × 7 mm × 5 mm is achieved by solution technique. X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy are used to verify crystal structure and functional groups. Intensity of diffraction peaks confirms good crystalline nature of dyed Bis thiourea Zinc acetate crystals than pure. Two absorption bands at ∼387 and 558 nm were observed in diffused reflectance spectra of dyed crystals. The energy gap was calculated for both crystals and establishes to be ∼4.87 eV for pure and ∼4.93 eV for dye crystals. Photoluminescence spectra were recorded and a green emission band was observed in dyed Bis thiourea Zinc acetate crystal at ∼513 nm was observed in dyed crystal. The grown crystals are found to be thermally stable up to 195 °C confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The value of dielectric permittivity is found to be reduced in dyed crystal. Microhardness of dyed crystals is much better than pure crystal. Surface study shows that the dyed crystals contain lesser defects than pure. Hence, the improved properties of dyed Bis thiourea Zinc acetate make it more useful than pure in electro-optic devices.

Nonlinear optical, optical limiting and dielectric properties of organic cyclohexylammonium acetate single crystal

We report the growth and nonlinear optical properties of cyclohexylammonium acetate (CYHAC) crystal. The functional groups and crystal structure were determined using FT-IR analyses and single crystal XRD (293K). UV–Vis–NIR measures the cutoff wavelength (254nm) and optical band gap (5.17eV) of CYHAC crystal. TG-DSC spectrum shows the melting point (161°C) and decomposition of the compound. Activation energy was calculated from dielectric studies as a function of frequency at different temperatures. Laser damage threshold of CYHAC is 5.23GW/cm2. Nonlinear optical parameters were calculated using Z-Scan technique for this material and its optical limiting behavior were also tested, the value of limiting threshold and clamping output are 24.3mW and 7.1mW respectively.

Structural, chemical and physical properties of pure and La3+ doped l-Threonine acetate crystals

The pure and La3+ doped l- Threonine crystals can be grown by slow evaporation techniques. The crystal structure were examined through X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, confirmed the P212121 system. The quantitative nature of dopant can be analyzed with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) study. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Fourier Transform (FT- Raman) investigations yields the possible stretching/bonding with their functional groups and the qualitative/quantitative nature of both crystals is analyzed. The optical behavior of crystals can be studied through Ultra Violet (UV) - Visible spectrometer. The mechanical, thermal and decomposition studies can be carried out through Vickers hardness test, Thermo Gravometric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The Non Linear Optical (NLO) properties are found more than Potassium Phosphate (KDP) through Kurtz powders technique. The dielectric and optical absorption studies for both pure and L-doped crystals were studied and interpreted all the properties. The La3+ dopant increases the properties are investigated.

Reductively Degradable Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Hydrogels with Oriented Porosity for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels were prepared from a linear copolymer (Mw = 49 kDa) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(acethylthio)ethyl methacrylate (ATEMA), and zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). The deprotection of ATEMA thiol groups by triethylamine followed by their gentle oxidation with 2,2'-dithiodipyridine resulted in the formation of reductively degradable polymers with disulfide bridges. Finally, a hydrogel 3D structure with an oriented porosity was obtained by gelation of the polymer in the presence of needle-like sodium acetate crystals. The pore diameter and porosity of resulting poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-(acethylthio)ethyl methacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [P(HEMA-ATEMA-MPC)] hydrogels varied between 59 and 65 μm and between 70 and 79.6 vol % according to Hg porosimetry, and complete degradation of these materials was reached in 86 days in 0.33 mmol solution of l-cysteine/L in phosphate buffer. The cross-linked P(HEMA-ATEMA-MPC) hydrogels were evaluated as a possible support for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). No cytotoxicity was found for the un-cross-linked thiol-containing and protected P(HEMA-ATEMA-MPC) chains up to a concentration of 5 and 1 wt % in α-minimum essential medium, respectively.

Investigation on effect of LiCl doping on optical properties of L-arginine acetate single crystal

In the present study, L-arginine acetate (LAA) crystals with various level of LiCl doping were grown by low temperature solution growth method at a constant temperature. The effect of lithium chloride (LC) doping on the linear optical and second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of LAA crystal has been studied. The X-ray diffraction study has been performed to confirm the crystal structure of grown crystals. The enhancement in the optical transparency in doped crystals has been attested by ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectroscopic study. The photoluminescence studies have also been presented. The Kurtz - Perry test confirmed the increase in SHG efficiency of LAA crystal after addition of LC.

Resonance excitation of photoluminescence in sodium uranyl acetate crystals

The photoluminescence spectra of sodium uranyl acetate polycrystals are recorded under excitation by different sources (semiconductor light-emitting diodes, cw lasers, and repetitively pulsed lasers). The excitation wavelengths fall into the absorption band of this solid, which makes it possible to record photoluminescence beginning from an extremely small volume of the material (10–10 cm3) at exposures of ~10–3 s.

Diversity and biodeteriorative potential of fungal dwellers on ancient stone stela

Biodeterioration caused by fungal colonizers on an ancient stone stela, excavated from the former Roman settlement (Eastern Serbia) was investigated. According to selected biodeterioration elements, average deterioration index was assessed (0.8), prompting the need for conservation. Fungal somatic and reproductive structures, along with lichen thalli and moss fragments, were detected on the surface using different microscopy and cultivation methods. In situ microscopy on the site was implemented, for the first time, in the study of stone monuments. Biodeteriorative potential of 5 selected isolates was tested using qualitative biochemical tests, SEM-EDS and XRPD analyses. Fusarium proliferatum and Penicillium crustosum altered the pH value in broth minimal medium. Pigment production was demonstrated for F. proliferatum, while P. crustosum showed potential for calcite dissolution. All isolates induced biomineralization on solid medium with calcium acetate, where weddellite, calcite and subordinate whewellite crystals were confirmed via SEM-EDS and XRPD. Weddellite and calcite production was documented for P. crustosum in solid medium with calcium carbonate. Conservation treatment was carried out with benzalkonium chloride-based biocide, in addition to mechanical treatment. After conservation, in situ microscopy showed deteriorated stone surface covered with residual lichen thalli fragments, while mycelium and reproductive structures of micromycetes were not detected.

Doping effect of l-cystine on structural, UV–visible, SHG efficiency, third order nonlinear optical, laser damage threshold and surface properties of cadmium thiourea acetate single crystal

The present article is focused to investigate the influence of l-cystine (LC) on linear-non-linear optical and laser damage threshold of cadmium thiourea acetate (CTA) crystal. The structural parameters of pure and LC doped CTA crystals have been determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The functional groups of grown crystals have been identified by means of fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The UV–visible spectral analysis has been done in the range of 200–900nm to ascertain the uplifting influence of LC on optical properties of CTA crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LC doped CTA crystal is found to be higher than CTA and KDP crystal. The Z-scan technique has been employed to determine the third order nonlinear optical (TONLO) nature of LC doped CTA crystal at 632.8nm. The self focusing tendency confirmed the strong kerr lensing ability of LC doped CTA crystal. The TONLO susceptibility (χ3), refraction (n2) and absorption coefficient (β) has been calculated using the Z-scan data. The laser damage threshold of pure and LC doped CTA crystals has been measured using the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and its is found to be in range of GW/cm2. The surface analysis has been done by means of etching studies.

Single crystal growth and enhancing effect of glycine on characteristic properties of bis-thiourea zinc acetate crystal

A single crystal of glycine-doped bis-thiourea zinc acetate (G-BTZA) with a dimension of 15 × 6 × 4 mm3 has been grown using the slow solution evaporation technique. The structural parameters of the crystals were determined using the single crystal XRD technique. The increase in optical transparency of the doped BTZA crystal was ascertained in the range of 200 to 900 nm using UV–visible spectral analysis. The improved optical band gap of the G-BTZA crystal is found to be 4.19 eV, and vital optical constants have been calculated using the transmittance data. The influence of glycine on the mechanical parameters of the BTZA crystal has been investigated via microhardness studies. The thermal stability of pure and doped BTZA crystals has been determined by employing the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis technique. The improvement in the dielectric properties of the BTZA crystal after the addition of glycine has been evaluated in a temperature range of 30 to 120 °C at a frequency of 100 KHz. The SHG efficiency of the glycine-doped BTZA crystal is found to be much higher than KDP and BTZA crystal material in a Kurtz–Perry powder analysis.

Evaluate the effect of L-valine on linear–nonlinear optical and electrical properties of BTCA crystal to identify photonic device applications

In this study, pure and l-valine (LV)-doped bis-thiourea cadmium acetate (BTCA) crystals have been grown by slow solution evaporation technique. For the first time, LV has been used as a dopant to tune the optical (linear and third-order non-linear optical) and electrical properties of BTCA crystal which are vital for various integrated optic device applications. The UV-visible spectral analysis has been performed in the range of 200–900 nm to determine the optical transparency of grown crystals. The Z-scan (open and closed apertures) studies were undertaken at 632.8 nm to ascertain the nature of third-order non-linearity in grown crystals. The third-order non-linear optical parameters such as non-linear refraction (n2), absorption coefficient (β) and susceptibility (χ3) of grown crystals have been calculated. The susceptibility (χ3) of pure and LV-doped BTCA crystal is found to be 2.58 × 10−4 esu and 3.34 × 10−4 esu, respectively. The electrical studies have been carried out to analyse the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac resistivity and ac conductivity of pure and LV-doped BTCA crystals.

Growth, spectral, mechanical, thermal and dielectric studies of undoped and rhodamine-B doped l-alanine acetate crystals

Single crystals of undoped and rhodamine-B doped l-alanine acetate have grown from solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature (30 °C). The title samples were synthesized and purified by repeated re-crystallization process. Solubility of the samples in water was found at different temperatures. The crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The range and percentage of optical transmission was ascertained by recording UV–vis–NIR spectra and the optical band gap was determined. The second harmonic generation behavior of the samples was tested by Kurtz–Perry powder technique. Mechanical hardness, yield strength and stiffness constant were estimated by Vickers microhardness method. Laser damage threshold values were found out using Nd:YAG laser for the grown crystals. EDAX analysis was done to identify elements present in the undoped and rhodamine-B doped l-alanine acetate crystals. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the samples were estimated to understand the polarization processes and insulating behavior in the samples. TG/DTA studies were carried out to find the thermal stability and photoluminescence spectra were recorded for the samples to find the optical emission bands.