Acer Negundo Research Articles

Monitoring urban biological invasions using citizen science: the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus).

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-024-01744-7.

THE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND LIFE CONDITIONS OF DENDROFLORA OF THE CLINICAL HOSPITAL OF UKRZALIZNYTSIA JSC, DNIPRO CITY

The role of the landscaping of hospital areas is considered. The purpose of the study is to identify the species composition and assess the life conditions of green spaces of the Clinical Hospital On Railway Transport of the “Healthcare Centre” Branch of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC inDniproCity. To achieve it, the methods of route and visual surveys, analysis and calculations are applied. The range of tree and shrub vegetation is examined and 44 species belonging to 35 genera and 18 families are found. The heterogeneity of dendroflora in terms of species diversity depending on the place of plant growth on the territory of the hospital is established. The rate of coniferous and broadleaved species in green spaces with the distribution of life forms is illustrated. The range of gymnosperms is assessed as insufficient. The most diverse in terms of taxonomic and the most numerous in terms of quantitative composition of the family are determined – Rosaceae and Cupressaceae, respectively. Trees and shrubs are singled out for their decorative properties. Attention is focused on the problem caused by uncontrolled self-reproduction of some tree species: Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer negundo, Acer ptatanoides, Morus alba, Fraxinus lanceolata, Ulmus pumila, Padus racemosa. It is found that the landscaping of the specified area is formed mainly by introduced species. The representatives of North America are dominant. The most common species are found to be Thuja occidentalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer negundo. An analysis of the compatibility of trees and shrubs in relation to moisture is made: mesophytes are identified as the dominant group (40.5% of the total number of plants), xerophytes, xeromesophytes and mesoxerophytes cover 56.7%. The data of measurements of trunk diameters (in the range of 2 to 106 cm) and plant height with justification of its variation, depending on age, are published. The tallest individuals are found among the Populus nigra and P. Simonii species. The life conditions of green spaces are assessed based on the distribution by appropriate categories. The number of healthy specimens is recorded at the level of 63.7%. The rest (36.3%) are represented by the species of varying degrees of weakening and damage. Among them, the lion’s share of plants (23%) belongs to the first category. Recommendations for the optimization of the range of studied dendroflora are given and the perspective of further scientific research is outlined.

Итоги развития насаждений на территории сквера у культурно-развлекательного комплекса арена «Уралец» в г. Екатеринбурге

The article presents the results of a study of the species composition, structure, health condition, and stages of development of the plantings in the garden square near CEC «Uralets», Yekaterinburg – alley of the Palace of Sports in Yekaterinburg. This study shows that more than 56% of woody plants were Acer negundo L. and Populus balsamifera L. There were plantings in lines (20% of the area) consisting of trees of Populus and Malus genus, plantings in arrays (about 25% of the area) of Populus balsamifera L. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Other species were planted in groups (55% of the area). The health condition of the plantings was assessed as 2.9 (very poor). The most durable species Larix sibirica Ledeb., Quercus robur L., and Tilia cordata Mill. had the best average scores. Less durable species Prunus maackii Rupr., Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Malus baccata L., and Populus balsamifera L. were dying off. Planting density in mowed areas corresponded to the recommended norms, while this indicator was exceeded by an average of 25% in areas without care due to the invasion of Acer negundo L. Three stages were distinguished in the formation process of the garden square near CEC Uralets: 1) individual plots were created and natural plantations were integrated; 2) performed complete transformation of the landscape in the central part, planted ornamental plants and created a single space of the garden square; 3) decorative plantings were added to the garden square. During the reconstruction of the garden square that combines plantings of various origins and functions, step-by-step reconstruction is the most favorable – starting with less durable dying species and preserving Larix sibirica Ledeb., Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Betula pendula Roth.

Distribution of Acer negundo L. in the Karasye-Ozersky forest park of Yekaterinburg

The article is devoted to invasions of Acer negundo L. 1753 in the forest park area of Yekaterinburg (Russia) based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). The purpose of the work was to study the invasion of ashleaved maple in the forest park area of Yekaterinburg; the objectives of the study included the following tasks: establishing the ecological-cenotic location of the maple and studying the biological characteristics of the species during its distribution. The objects of the study were eight maple habitats in the Karasye-Ozersky forest park. In ontogenetic development, one life form is identified - a single-stem tree, two periods are defined - pregenerative and generative, and five ontogenetic states. All habitats are young, i.e. are at the initial stage of introduction, however, there are common features of invasion. Distribution begins from open edges, gradually penetrating under the forest canopy, while having high shade tolerance, seed productivity and growth rate, Acernegundo forms multitiered thickets, displacing and complicating the self-restoration of native flora in the Karasye-Ozersky Forest Park. Despite the wide range of distribution of maple in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, there is an ecological and phytocenotic confinement to it in the forest park, and it is manifested in its distribution mainly in pine forests of mixed herbs with a tree canopy density of 0.5. The established patterns indicate a pronounced expansion of the species and its significant invasive potential.

Composition of woody plant litter in urbanized plant communities

The article presents the analysis results of the litter composition of woody plants growing in urbanized plant communities. The research object was plant litter sampled under the canopy of such woody plants as Acer negundo L., Betula pendula Roth, Padus avium Mill. We determined the phytomass reserve and the level of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the litter of these tree species. The A. negundo litter had the most intense mineralization due to higher phytomass, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation in comparison with trees of the other species. The woody plants under study can be arranged in the following order as the analyzed indicators decrease: boxelder maple > bird cherry > silver birch. The experimental data can be used for biomonitoring studies of natural communities.

Landscaping of settlements in the Aral Sea disaster zone (Kazakhstan)

The role of landscaping in ameliorating the environmental conditions within settlements surrounding the Aral Sea is paramount. The primary natural constraints affecting the proliferation of plant species in the green spaces of Aralsk include low winter temperatures, elevated summer temperatures, meager precipitation, and susceptibility to windstorms. An evaluation of the species composition of tree and shrub vegetation was conducted in landscaped areas belonging to social and cultural facilities, as well on private residential property, within the municipal boundaries of Aralsk. Plantings surveyed encompassed an area of approximately 34,000 m2. 89.5% of the flora is comprised of five predominant taxa: Ulmus pumila, Populus x canadensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Platycladus orientalis, and Acer negundo. These species demonstrate resilience to both high and low temperatures throughout the growing season, and their availability as planting material in the region further enhances their suitability. Presently, the city incorporates 31 taxa of tree and shrub species in its green spaces. Notably, Ulmus glabra, Catalpa ovata, Platanus orientalis, Hibiscus syriacus, and Prunus padus have been introduced and were not previously observed in the city. Analysis of the age distribution reveals 68.7% of young trees, underscoring ongoing landscaping efforts within the city even amid a shortage of irrigation water.

Wood Research at the University of Sopron – Physical-mechanical Properties

This study series shows research fields and results in wood science of the University of Sopron, Hungary. In this paper, we review several studies regarding the physical-mechanical properties of wood, including some properties of Turkey oak grown in different stands, showing that it should be planted among other species in same stand to achieve optimal wood quality. Research in the field of the firewood plantations has shown that it is necessary to choose the right species of poplars, in a given area. Paulownia and some invasive species grow rapidly, so they have great potential as raw materials and there are significant differences between paulownia varieties. Based on their densities, box elder, tree of heaven and green ash can be substituted for the noble species. Basswood can be well impregnated with paraffin, making it a good choice for pencils. Low-quality noble oak logs have the potential to be used in structural elements as lamellae, improving the yield and decreasing the loss in the wood industry. Black locust, sessile oak, beech, poplar, larch and spruce were subjected to different mechanical test methods at different moisture contents. Their properties decreased with increasing moisture content between 12% moisture content and FSP for all six wood species, but the ratio of changes varied, depending both on the measurement method and on the species.

Таксационная характеристика особенностей лесного фонда Барнаульского лесничества Алтайского края

The study was conducted in order to identify forestry and taxation features of forest plantations in the Barnaul forestry of the Altai Territory, located in the suburban area of Barnaul. Areas of the forest fund were selected at different distances from the city of Barnaul: in the zone of a dense network of roads and settlements (0‑15 km) and in the zone of less intensive infrastructure (37 km). Using the methods of ecological profiles, variation statistics, comparative analysis, and forest taxation, the taxation materials of 32 forest quarters were processed, including data from 718 forest taxation allotments. Using two-factor analysis of variance, it was found that the individual studied indicators of forest plantations (average height, completeness, bonus class and reserve per 1 ha) depend on the type of forest. The taxation indicators of stands in the suburban area (except for the average stock per 1 ha) do not have a reliable dependence on the features of Barnaul. The analysiso f variance in relation to the natural renewal of the main breed showed that the average height and density depend on the type of forest, and the distance from the city limits affects only the average density. High vaul es of occurrence (65.4‑89.5%) of undergrowth were noted in fresh forest, lower in grass forest (15.5‑48.4%), but the occurrence increases with distance from the city in both types of forest. Ash-leaved maple finds its ecological niche mainly in the grass forest, displacing local plant species, preventing the natural renewal of pine. It has been previously established that the parameters of forest plantations in suburban pine forests of Barnaul depend on the type of forest, showing different structural and positional stability in relation to anthropogenic factors.

European Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) (Lepidoptera) outbreaks in some regions of European Russia in 2023

A study was conducted to investigate the distribution and significant increase in the abundance of Lymantria dispar within the forest-steppe zone of European Russia, encompassing the regions of Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir, and Ulyanovsk. The examination of hotspots associated with this pest during the year 2023 involved an analysis of data derived from diverse sources. The investigation encompassed an assessment of plant species that either attracted or repelled the pest’s caterpillars under natural conditions. The defoliation phenomenon was observed to vary across distinct plant species, with notable instances of extensive destruction identified on Betula, Quercus robur, Populus tremula, and various Salix species at multiple observation plots. Conversely, conifers such as Larix sibirica, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and certain invasive (introduced) species, including Acer negundo, Elaeagnus argentea, Hirrarchaea rhamnoides, and Syringa vulgaris, exhibited an absence of caterpillar presence.

Variation in Pb and Zn concentrations in different species of trees and shrubs and their organs depending on traffic density

Global population growth and increasing urban population density together are responsible for many disruptions such as environmental pollution, especially air one. Trace metals are of specific prominence as air pollutants because they are conservative pollutants. They tend to accumulate biologically; some have poisonous or carcinogenic effects, even at small concentrations. Among toxic trace metals, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) can be harmful to human health in certain quantities. These trace metals were included in primary pollutant lists of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Therefore, determining these trace metal concentrations in the air and monitoring the differences is very important for determining the risky districts and the level of risk. Biomonitors are the most important indicators of differences in trace metal concentrations in the atmosphere. The plants chosen as biomonitors intake several of the trace metals from the soil and/or the air into their bodies and determining the level of this accumulation might provide insight into the trace metal pollution of the atmosphere and soil. The present study aims to determine the variations of Pb and Zn concentrations in various landscaping plants growing in different districts of Kastamonu (Türkiye) depending on tree species, organs and traffic density. It was found that unwashed leaves of Acer negundo L. can be suggested as a good biomonitor for the presence of both analysed trace metals. Keywords: biomonitor; air pollution; trace metal; lead; zinc; traffic

Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae) in the Kharkiv Region: ecological preferences, conservation problems

Fritillaria meleagris L. is a рalearctic species with a disjunct distribution. It is protected at the national level in Ukraine, listed as "vulnerable" in the Red Data Book. Most of the data on the species distribution, as well as on the status and stability of its populations, have been obtained for the Carpathian region. Much less information is available for F. meleagris in the Forest Steppe, especially for its left-bank part. The article presents the results of the study of the peculiarities of F. meleagris distribution in the Kharkiv Region and provides information on the structure of coenopopulations and their ecological and coenotic preferences. Problems and prospects for this species conservation are also considered. The studies cover the biotopes of the Merla River valley and its tributary, the Merchyk River (the Dnipro River basin) in an area of more than 35 square km. In the Kharkiv Region, the F. meleagris coenopopulations were found mainly in grass-type biotopes. These are usually secondary post-forest meadows of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 class. Only one coenopopulation is located in a tree-type biotope (mixed floodplain forest with Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Salix alba L., Padus avium Mill., Populus аlba L., P. deltoides Marshall, P. tremula L., Acer negundo L., А. tataricum L., A. campestris L., without a pronounced dominant). The specificity of the ecological regimes of the studied localities of F. meleagris has been clarified by the phytoindication method. As a rule, they are damp (less often, fresh) forest-meadow habitats with full, but uneven (temporarily excessive) wetting of the root layer of the soil. The soils are moderately aerated, weakly acidic (pH 5.5–6.5), enriched with salts, but with insignificant carbonate content, and often relatively poor in terms of mineral nitrogen. The climate is characterized by submicrothermal conditions with signs of subaridity and subcontinentality. We have not detected any significant variability of conditions (both edaphic and climatic) in the studied localities. They are more or less optimal for the existence of F. meleagris. In all the F. meleagris localities studied, the change in the hydrological regime due to the reclamation of floodplain remains a risk factor but does not pose an immediate threat. The existence of forest coenopopulations in glades is threatened by overgrowth of trees and shrubs (the invasion of Populus tremula and Acer negundo is particularly dangerous). The decrease in the number of meadow coenopopulations is a result of plowing and burning. Currently, in the Kharkiv Region, F. meleagris is protected in Slobozhanskyі National Nature Park (1 locality) and in Kapranskyі Botanical Reserve of local importance (11 localities). Monitoring of the existing localities outside the protected areas and their inclusion into the expansion zone of the Slobozhanskyі National Nature Park is an important condition for their preservation.

Uosialapių klevų paplitimo Tirkšlių miestelyje analizė

The study analyses the occurrence of Ash Maples (Acer negundo L.) in the town of Tirkšliai, which is located in the municipality of Mažeikiai district. The assessment survey was carried out in September–October 2023. The inventory of the Ash Maples was carried out using a route method, recording the coordinates and the conditions of the sites: area, projection coverage of individuals, level of urbanisation of the ecotope, biotope, assessment of whether or not the area of the site was mown, intensity of use of the area where the site is located. The ontogeny stage shall be assessed on the basis of the vegetative and generative characters of the ash-leaved maples and the height of the trees. The height of the individuals of the Ash Maple was determined visually, in metres, by assessing the entire length of the above-ground part of the tree. In total, 14 sites with ash-leaved maples were identified as well as 10 sites with trees of juvenile age. Most of the sites were found in grassland (64 %), 79 % in roadsides, by intensity of land use the highest number of sites were found in unused land (43 %), 50 % of the sites are not mown. It is therefore evident that the occurrence of big-leaved maple trees is higher in less maintained areas.

Effect of drought and soil heavy metal contamination on three maple species: a case study of Kastamonu University campus in Türkiye.

This study investigated the effects of heavy metals and drought on tree drying in three maple species located in the Kastamonu Campus in northwestern Türkiye. Soil samples were taken from 0-30cm depth under maple species, and some soil properties were analyzed. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index was calculated for the drought impression using 71years of climate data. The severe drought has had its effect (1.516) since August 2020. There was an extreme drought in January and February 2021 (-2.032 and -2.076, respectively), and this drought effect lasted until August as a severe drought. Chromium concentration at maple species was almost twice higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit for Türkiye (> 100mgkg-1). The highest nickel concentration was found under Acer pseudoplatanus (97.25mgkg-1) and Acer negundo (108.13mgkg-1). The sampling sites were nonsignificant for copper (p = 0.806), lead (p = 0.916), and zinc (p = 0.866) heavy metals. Phyllosticta minima and Phyllactinia marissallii were detected in maple trees. In conclusion, it is understood that drought and heavy metal accumulation (chromium, nickel) in the soil affect tree drying. Physiological drought was first seen in trees due to the lack of rainfall in 2020. Soils were contaminated with heavy metals, and finally, diseases were seen. These results show that adverse climate events due to global climate change will have a negative impact on the growth and development of maple species, as their severity is expected to increase in the next few years.

Leaf Extracts of Invasive Woody Species Demonstrate Allelopathic Effects on the Growth of a Lawn Grass Mixture.

Biochemical composition was studied in the leaf litter of alien woody species included in the 100 most aggressive invasive species of Europe: Ailanthus altissima, Quercus rubra, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Elaeagnus angustifolia. Using GC-MS, we detected 187 metabolites in the leaf litter, which are phenolic acids and their derivatives, carbohydrates and their derivatives, polyphenolic compounds, cyclic esters, glycosides, and amino acids and their derivatives. Species-specific metabolites were identified for each species. The main allelochemicals in the leaf litter extract of Q. rubra are determined mainly by the relative abundance of phenolic and fatty acids and their esters, whereas those in the leaf litter extract of R. pseudoacacia are determined by carbohydrates and their derivatives and ester of fatty acid, and those in the leaf litter extract of A. altissima are determined by glycosides. Profiles of macro- and microelements were characterized. It was found that aqueous extracts of leaf litter from all the invasive woody plants under study have a negative effect on the seed germination and initial growth of Vicia cracca and Avena strigosa used for the reclamation of disturbed urban and industrial lands. At the same time, V. cracca is potentially more sensitive.

Changes in Flora Species Composition and Soil Enzyme Activity in Communities of Acer negundo in Kemerovo Region

Changes in Flora Species Composition and Soil Enzyme Activity in Communities of Acer negundo in Kemerovo Region

Genotypic Variability of Acer negundo L. along the Trans-Siberian Railway

Genotypic Variability of Acer negundo L. along the Trans-Siberian Railway

Environmental quality assessment of soil as a component of green spaces in parks of the megalopolis

Intensive land degradation occurs under conditions of accelerated urbanization; it is strongly associated with the loss of soil natural capital, primarily animals, plant cover, and biological diversity in general. The creation and functioning of parks, in particular green spaces, in the urbanized areas is an effective mechanism for optimizing the ecological situation within the cities and preventing desertification. The soils of parks are an integral component of green infrastructure; they determine the conditions for the growth and development of both individual plants and green spaces as a whole. The soil buffering capacity actively participates in the mechanisms of implementation of the development and stabilization of soil fertility potentials. The buffering capacity determines the proportion of the soil potential that controls the processes of immobilization (deposition) and mobilization (release, loss) of a particular element of fertility: first of all, mineral nutrients for plant growth, productive moisture, thermal energy in soil, gas composition of soil air, and acidity. We collected soil samples beneath the crowns of trees growing in the territory of the Taras Shevchenko Central Culture and Leisure Park, as one of the largest parks in the city of Dnipro (Ukraine). The soil samples were collected in order to assess the soil acid-base (pH) buffering capacity (pHBC) and determine the direction of microbiological processes in urban soils of the park area afforested with stands from such introduced tree species as green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioica), and box elder (Acer negundo). The acid-base buffering capacity of the urban soil was determined using the Arrhenius method and estimated according to the buffering area within the acid-base range, calculated using the Simpson formula. Direction of microbial processes in the soil was determined according to the indexes of mineralization-immobilization, pedotrophicity, and oligotrophicity. The output was processed using statistical methods (arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated; the difference in the means was found according to the Tukey’s comparison test; interdependencies were determined by linear correlation). We have found significant, strong positive correlations between the pH level of urban soils in the rhizosphere area of the introduced species of park dendroflora and the buffering area within the acid and acid-base (total) range of external influence, as well as a strong negative correlation between pH and buffering area in the alkaline range of external influence. We identified weak mineralization signs according to the ratio of functional groups of microbiota in the studied sites forested with Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Acer negundo.

Plant Species Richness and Invasional Meltdown in Different Parts of Acer negundo L. Secondary Range

To understand the alien plant invasion patterns, it is important to know if their consequences are equal in different regions, particularly in different parts of the secondary range. In this article, we estimated plant species richness in communities invaded by the North American tree Acer negundo L. in two remote regions: the Belarusian Polesia and the Middle Urals. We tested three hypotheses about: (1) decreased plant species richness in communities invaded by A. negundo; (2) presence of alien species in invaded communities—invasional meltdown hypothesis; and (3) different alien plant species richness in communities of different regions. In each region, 24 sample plots of 400 m2 were described: 12 invaded and 12 non-invaded by A. negundo. The species richness of invaded plots decreased: total richness decreased by 21%–43%; the richness of herbaceous plants decreased by 24%–43%; and woody richness decreased by 8%–44%. The proportion of alien herbs in plots invaded by A. negundo increased by 35%. This is the first, although not exhaustive, confirmation of the invasional meltdown hypothesis for communities invaded by A. negundo. Alien herbs increasingly invaded communities of the Belarusian Polesia, alien trees—communities of the Middle Urals. Thus, regional geographical and floristic conditions should be considered when assessing the invasion consequences.

Historical reconstruction of the invasions of four non-native tree species at local scale: a detective work on Ailanthus altissima, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus serotina and Acer negundo

Reconstructing the history (spatio-temporal patterns) of biological invasions at a small spatial scale is challenging, notably because the required data are often not available in sufficient quantity and quality. In this study, we present a mixed approach using six different data sources to explore the spreading history of four non-native invasive tree species, Ailanthus altissima, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus serotina and Acer negundo in a high conservation value foreststeppe habitat with an area of 1000 ha (Peszér Forest, Central Hungary). We carried out a literature search, compiled all the archived and currently valid data of the National Forestry Database (NFD) in a GIS database, conducted a full-coverage field survey, mapped all the large/old tree specimens and carried out annual ring counts, performed a hotspot analysis on the abundance data provided by the field survey and gathered local knowledge. Each of these approaches proved indispensable and their complementary use made it possible to reconstruct the invasion history of all four tree species. According to the available source literature, P. serotina was first planted in the area in 1937 and the first known occurrence of A. altissima could also be traced back to the 1930s. The examination of large specimens of C. occidentalis and querying the NFD for data related to A. negundo provided evidence that these species have been present in the area since at least the 1940s. However, based on the NFD and local knowledge, it is certain that the rapid expansion of the four tree species occurred simultaneously and only around the turn of the millennium, with a lag of at least 60-70 years. The exploration of local knowledge revealed three possible explanations, which interestingly also coincided in time. With the change in the political regime, the intensity of forest use started to decrease in the 1990s, the population of game was drastically reduced at the end of the decade and droughts became more frequent from 2000 onwards. The field survey clearly showed that these tree species were 2-3 times more prevalent and abundant than the relevant NFD data indicated. Finally, the primary hotspots of A. altissima and A. negundo overlapped with the locations of their first known occurrences, while in the case of C. occidentalis and P. serotina, they did not. However, local knowledge revealed that the former two had been ignored since at least the 1950s, while the latter two were occasionally planted until the 1990s. It is likely that the primary hotspots of C. occidentalis and P. serotina indicate the locations of these undocumented plantations.

A duplex real‐time PCR with TaqMan probes for the distinction of Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) and Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) on different biological matrices

AbstractAnoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771), the citrus longhorned beetle, and Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky, 1853), the Asian longhorned beetle, are wood borers of great economic importance, infesting a wide range of ornamental trees and shrubs. Native to Asia, their presence has been detected in several countries on different continents. Both are included in the EPPO A2 list of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. A duplex molecular test based on TaqMan probe technology for the identification of the two species has been set up, using specimens (adults and larvae) of the two species. To test the duplex real‐time PCR on frass, an artificial frass (‘manufactured sawdust’) has been created using wood chips from healthy branches of Acer negundo, spiked with a known amount of DNA from larvae of the species. The analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility of the duplex real‐time PCR test were evaluated according to EPPO Standards. This new molecular tool allows distinction, with only one test, between these two Anoplophora species using DNA isolated from the adult, larvae and/or frass.