Accurate Translation Research Articles

MarQO: A query optimizer in multilingual environment for information retrieval in Marathi language

Information retrieval is a crucial component of modern information systems. A significant portion of the vast amount of information stored worldwide is in local languages. While most information retrieval systems are designed primarily for English, there is a growing need for these systems to work with data in languages other than English. Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems play a pivotal role in enabling information retrieval across multiple languages. However, these systems often face challenges due to ambiguities in query translation, impacting retrieval accuracy. This paper introduces "MarQO," a query optimizer designed to address these challenges in the context of Marathi language. MarQO employs a multi-stage approach, including lexical processing, extraction of multi-word terms, synonym addition, phrasal translations, utilization of word co-occurrence statistics, and more. By disambiguating query keyword translations, MarQO significantly improves the accuracy of translations, thereby leading to more relevant document retrieval results.

Lost in Translation: The Vital Role of Medical Translation in Global Medical Communications

In today's globalized world, translating scientific and medical content is vital to bridging language barriers and facilitating communication among diverse audiences. This article dives deep into the importance of medical translation and provides key best practices to ensure accurate and high-quality translations.
 Effective medical translators must possess strong writing skills in both the source and target languages to accurately convey the intended message while maintaining the tone and style of the original document. Developing and finalizing content in one language before translation streamlines the process and enhances the quality of the translation.
 Translators should seek clarification and ask questions during the translation process to deliver an error-free final version. Understanding medical terminology in both source and target languages is crucial, and staying updated with the latest terminology is essential for accurate translations. Utilizing a bilingual glossary or creating one in collaboration with the client helps ensure translation accuracy.
 While machine translations have limitations, computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools like SDL Trados, MemoQ, Wordfast, and OmegaT improve efficiency and consistency. These tools, equipped with translation memory and terminology management features, support human translators in their work.
 Medical translation plays a significant role in global medical communication, alongside regulatory writing, scientific publications, health communication, professional education, promotional writing, and grant writing. It is essential for effective communication and accurate information exchange in the scientific community.
 In conclusion, accurate medical translation is crucial for effective communication and collaboration in the global scientific community. Adhering to best practices ensures precise and high-quality translations, facilitating the sharing of scientific knowledge across languages.

Improving Access to Medical Information for Multilingual Patients using Pipelined Ensemble Average based Machine Translation

Machine translation has shown potential in improving access to medical information and healthcare services for multilingual patients. This research aims to enhance machine translation accuracy in the medical field, specifically for translating from Hindi to English. The study introduces a new approach that dynamically allocates decoding parameters using regression models, overcoming the limitations of fixed parameters in the decoder. A comprehensive dataset is created to address limited data availability, enabling regression models to predict optimal pruning parameters. The main motivation for the study is the introduction of a regression method for optimizing pruning parameters, which is a novel approach in this context. The proposed approach outperforms existing methods, achieving improved translation accuracy. Standard metrics such as the BLEU score are used to evaluate translations. Ensemble average and pipeline approaches further enhance performance. The improved performance of the proposed models can be attributed to the ensemble of diverse models (Extra Trees, LightGBM, XGBoost, and Random Forest) that employ various techniques to reduce overfitting, enhance prediction accuracy, and improve translation by correcting prediction errors. The study contributes to facilitating the translation and sharing of medical literature, promoting collaboration and knowledge exchange across languages. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the regression method for optimizing pruning parameters in machine translation, leading to improved translation accuracy in the medical field. The proposed models offer promising results, paving the way for enhanced machine translation systems and promoting collaboration and knowledge exchange in the medical domain. The source code is available at https://huggingface.co/debajyoty/statistical-regression-Based-MT/tree/main/Statistical-Regression-SMT.

The Innovation and Application of Computer Multimedia-assisted Teaching Methods in College English Teaching

Abstract The multimedia-assisted teaching model has entered the practice of English teaching (ET) in colleges and universities and has greatly influenced English teaching. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on multimedia-assisted English teaching. Firstly, we propose a neural machine translation model based on multi-granularity features combined with dynamic word vectors to improve the problem of inaccurate English translation. Secondly, we propose a grammatical error correction model based on a generative adversarial network to correct grammatical errors in teaching English. The experimental results show that the improved model obtains 35.58 and 45.71 BLEU values in the experiments by comparing the neural machine translation models, and the translation accuracy is improved by 23.9% compared with the traditional model. In the experiments through multimedia-assisted teaching, the multimedia-assisted teaching model improved student performance by 9.8%, while the traditional teaching model improved by only 1.9%. The multimedia-assisted teaching model proposed in this paper has a positive effect on students’ performance, intercultural communication (IC) awareness, learning initiative, and interactivity, and also provides a valuable reference for multimedia-assisted language teaching.

The Practice and Application of Computer-Aided Translation Technology in English Teaching

English teaching is essential to computer-aided translation technology (CATT). It can improve students’ learning efficiency and cultivate their comprehensive ability. It can also promote China’s cultural dissemination and international exchange. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics of computer-aided translation technology and how to effectively apply it to real life to analyze and study its significant impact on our daily work. Then this paper designs an English teachingassisted translation model based on computer-aided technology. Then the performance of the English teaching model is tested by simulation. The test results show that the accuracy of computer-aided translation is more than 92%, and the translation time is within 10s. This shows that the model can meet users' needs and provide constructive suggestions and opinions for English teachers to improve English teaching.

Methods of Improving Japanese-Chinese Machine Translation System through Machine Learning and Human-Computer Interaction

With globalization, the exchange of people between different countries is becoming more frequent. Due to different languages, there are serious obstacles to personnel exchanges. To a large extent, they hinder the growth of industries such as economy, culture and tourism in each country. The emergence of Machine Translation (MT) has effectively improved the problem of language barriers, and greatly reduced the workload of translators in text translation. However, MT does not have the same flexible flexibility as human translation. It just translates the text word by word, which is often difficult to meet people's higher needs. This paper proposed to build a Japanese-Chinese MT system and integrate machine learning and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) technology into the system. To further enhance the efficiency of the system, enhancement algorithms were also applied to the system to optimize the performance of the system. From the experimental results, in terms of BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) index, the average BLEU index of the algorithm in this paper was 8.59, and that of the traditional algorithm was 6.55. In terms of translation precision, the average precision of the algorithm in this paper was 91.53%, while that of the traditional algorithm was 87.28%. In terms of translation readability, the average readability of the algorithm in this paper was 93.32%, while that of the traditional algorithm was 89.22%. By comparison, the average BLEU index of the algorithm in this paper has increased by 2.04; the average accuracy of translation increased by 4.25%; the average readability increased by 4.1%. From the above data, it was evident that the enhancement algorithm can optimize the performance of the Japanese-Chinese MT system well.

Exploring English-Chinese Translation Skills Based on Big Data Technology

Abstract This paper first explores and evaluates English-Chinese translation skills through deep learning in machine learning based on big data technology, focusing on applying convolutional neural networks and long and short-term memory network models in English-Chinese translation. Then it is to construct a deep learning evaluation model based on the dataset with text-level labels of English-Chinese translation. The structure of the deep learning evaluation model consists of three categories: data representation of text, feature extraction of text, and text classifier. Finally, the research object is determined from the purpose of the study, and the data analysis is performed on the experimental and control groups using the deep learning model to characterize the fluency by the continuous convergence of the data. The results showed that the continuous convergence of the experimental group remained in the range of 76.95% to 82.6%, and its average value was 79.76%. The continuous convergence of the control group remained in the range of 60.15% to 71.92%, with a mean value of 67.02%. The average convergence value of the experimental group was 12.74% higher than that of the control group, and the experimental group outperformed the control group. This study should learn and cultivate English-Chinese translation skills while improving the efficiency and accuracy of English-Chinese translation, which is a guiding reference value for the progress of translation talents.

Potebnya and his Followers in Roman Jakobson’s Lectures at the Masaryk University in Brno (1935)

In 1935 Roman Jakobson gave a series of lectures in Czech titled “The Formalist School and Contemporary Russian linguistics”. It was only seventy years later that the Czech original was discovered and published, followed by a not always accurate Russian translation. This work by a prominent member of the Formalist School has until now not been analyzed by Ukrainian scholars. Its importance lies in the fact that in it a link is demonstrated between this school and the Kharkov Philological School. The purpose of this article is to place this work by Jakobson among the group of sources of the current discussion about Potebnya and his followers. By contrasting Potebnya’s teachings with the fundamental ideas of the so-called psychological school of literary study (a name sometimes assumed to be a synonym of the Kharkov Philological School), in his lectures Jakobson himself occasionally, following Viktor Shklovsky’s example, polemicizes not with Potebnya himself, but with that view of his teachings that suited the Formalists themselves in order to in turn construct their own polemic (that poetry is not “thinking in images”, etc.). Apart from the method of comparative analysis of scholarly texts (Jakobson’s lectures [1935); Shklovsky’s article “Potebnya” [1919]; Potebnya’s late works; the works of the followers of Potebnya D. Ovsyanniko-Kulikovsky, V. Khartsiev, А. Gornfeld, T. Raynov) the author of this article uses the biographical method a lá T. Raynov. This means taking into account the historical context of the scholarly work, the psychological state of the scholar while creating it etc. The basic result of such a combined approach to Jakobson’s polemic with Potebnya and his followers is a certain reassessment of the development of the doctrine regarding “poetic language” when viewed in its sources.

Common Stumbling Blocks Encountered Throughout the Arabic-English Translation Journey

In the realm of translation, it is highly recognized that the rendition process from Arabic to English poses numerous stumbling blocks that impede the smooth transfer of meaning and cultural nuances from the source text into its target version. Accordingly, this study delves into the common challenges encountered during the previously mentioned translation journey, exploring the main factors that contribute to the complexity of the task. By identifying these stumbling blocks, the research sheds light on the intricacies of translating between these two languages and aims to transcend communication obstacles and reduce misunderstandings between the source and target settings. For this reason, a comparative analysis of Arabic and English has been adopted to find out these languages' differences and implications for translation, thereby providing a clear vision of how to reproduce the original accurately in the target language. This method involves systematically comparing translations of texts from Arabic to English to uncover the specific issues that arise during the translation process, leading to the adoption of effective strategies. Ultimately, this paper reveals that the comparative analysis method adopted is highly beneficial in understanding the discussed issue. Findings offer valuable insights for enhancing translation accuracy and effectiveness, bridging the gap between the two languages, and fostering better cross-cultural communication. It is evident that the Arabic-English translation journey is a challenging endeavor that necessitates considerable effort and expertise. It shows that successful translators have to be very selective in the choices they make regarding language, strategies, and source text categorization to translate with great respect and transparency.

The Biggest Obstacle to the Integration of Acupuncture: The Meaning of Qi from the Ancients to Einstein.

Qi continues to be questionably translated in the West as the biblical idea of lifeforce. The true meaning of qi may be closer to the Western scientific definition of energy as the material basis of everything in the Universe. To illustrate this, parallels are drawn between the writings of ancient Chinese thinkers and Western definitions of energy, including the laws of thermodynamics underlying Western scientific thought and yin-yang theory underlying Chinese scientific thought. The focus is on the similarities in theories of material reality while acknowledging how differences in cultural mindset create distinct styles of description of the same ideas. The purpose in establishing a more accurate translation of qi, by removing Western projections, is to improve patient-practitioner communication and to remove obstacles to the acceptance of acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine as a mainstream medical intervention in the West.

Comprehensive analysis of codon usage pattern in Eisenia fetida and its correlation with gene expression

Every individual gene or genome follows the phenomenon of codon bias, where the usage among synonymous codons is not equal. The present study was conducted to understand the CUB in E. fetida and its impact on gene expression. The genes of E. fetida were G/Cbiased, where mean of C% was highest followed by G%, T%, and A% at the third codon position. ENC plot, Neutrality plot and Parity plot analysis revealed the codon usage pattern in E. fetida was largely influenced by natural selection. Further, it was observed that CUB had a substantial negative relationship with the gene expression levels (FPKM) at p < 0.05. Altogether, these findings indicate that translational efficiency and accuracy might have modulated the choice of codon selection in the studied earthworm genome.

The Semantic Field of the Word Naṣīḥa in The Qurʾān and The Problem of Its Translation into Turkish

This study is concerned with determining the meaning of the word naṣīḥa in the Qurʾān, as well as its mistranslation into Turkish in some of the translations of the Qurʾān. It appears in the Qurʾān as a noun, verb, and adjective in 11 verses, 13 times in all, and is one of the words that has passed from Arabic into Turkish. The word is found in the Qurʾān in various forms such as nusḥ, nāṣiḥ, naṣūḥ, enṣaḥu, naṣaḥtu. It is originally an Arabic word derived from the root nuṣḥ, and is the antonym of the word غش (to deceive). In Arabic, the word can imply "to be pure-hearted", "to be pure, genuine", "to be sincere and oneself", "to seek the good of others" and "to erect". However, it has undergone a narrowing of meaning as it passed from Arabic to Turkish. I believe that translating the word from Arabic into Turkish by considering its Turkish denotations would not be the correct method. Therefore, it is better to uncover the meanings of the word naṣīḥa in the verses in line with its original meanings at the time of the revelation of the Qurʾān, as well as to review the accuracy of its translations in the Turkish translations of Qurʾān. In this context, the aim of this research is, first, to identify the meaning of the word naṣīḥa in relation to its contexts in the Qurʾānic verses and its meanings in the Arabic language, and second, to assess the accuracy of its translation in the Turkish translations of Qurʾān. To that end, I shall explore the dictionary meanings of the word naṣīḥa both in Arabic and Turkish language, and provide some examples of poems from the period of jāhiliyyah to show how the word is having been used in Arabic. Subsequently, I shall examine the contexts of the verses in which the word appears and analyze it from a lexical standpoint if needed. I will give some examples of translation that I believe to be inaccurate from the analyzed translations. Using the narrations obtained from the classical sources, I arrive at the following conclusions: In the Qurʾān, the word naṣīḥa is used in three different senses: "to give advice" in al-Aʿrāf 7/62, 68, 79, 93 and Hūd 11/34; "to be sincere/to act sincerely" in al-Tawba 9/91, al-Qaṣaṣ 28/12 and al-Taḥrīm 66/8; and "to seek the good of one's interlocutor/others" in al-A'rāf 7/21, Yūsuf 12/11 and, al-Qaṣaṣ 28/20. On the other hand, as part of the research, I examined 50 Turkish translations and identified translation problems particular to the word under consideration in 20 of them. The problem is that the word is typically translated as "to give advice" despite the fact that it is incompatible with the contexts or grammar of some verses, particularly al-Tawba 9/91 and Yūsuf 12/11. Another problem is that the phrase tawbatan naṣūḥā in al-Taḥrīm 66/8 is translated as “the repentance of naṣūḥ" in its later conceptualized form, rather than in its original meaning at the time of the revelation of the verse, namely "sincere/heartfelt repentance". To make an accurate translation on this problem, I will argue that the meaning of the relevant word in Arabic, not in Turkish, should be taken into consideration, and that the verses should not be handled with a fragmentary approach, but rather by paying attention to their in-text and extra-textual contexts.

Accuracy of Nursing Term Translation from Indonesian to English by Nursing Students

Translating the accuracy of source language into target language in specialized language requires high appropriation that retains of the original meaning. This study aims to discover the accuracy of nursing term translation from Indonesian to English by nursing students. This research is a mixed-method research with content analysis method to analyze the accuracy of translation. The accuracy of the translation results will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The research subject was the translation of Indonesian – English abstracts of nursing articles by nursing students of STIKES Surya Global Yogyakarta. The object of research was nursing special terms in the form of words and phrases. The data collection technique used was the documentation method used to find related data that has been determined. The results of this study showed that the accurate translation of nursing terms was 65.29% while the inaccurate translation was 34.71%. In addition, there were about 25% of accurate translations was plagiarism. It is considered plagiarism because the student's translation of the abstract was exactly as same as the original writer's English version of the abstract, not only the specific language but also the whole sentence. It can be concluded from this study that overall the translation of nursing students into the special language of nursing is accurate. There are only a few translations is still in low inaccuracy level.&#x0D; Keywords: Accuracy, Nursing term, Translation

Multilingual News Search—A Comparative User Study of Desktop and Mobile Interfaces

With the global expansion of the Internet and the World Wide Web, users are becoming increasingly diverse, including their language proficiencies. In particular, there is now a significant number of polyglot Web users, i.e., users who are proficient in more than one language. However, even such users with potential access to a broad range of information from multiple languages often continue to suffer from unbalanced and fragmented news information, as traditional news access systems seldom allow users to simultaneously search for and/or compare news in different languages. To overcome language barriers, the majority of research has focused primarily on improving retrieval and translation accuracy, while paying comparably less attention to multilingual user interaction aspects. In particular, relatively little human-centered research has been conducted to better understand and support multilingual user abilities and preferences, and even less so regarding news search and different access modalities (such as desktop and mobile interfaces). The research presented in this article provides the first comparative analyses of polyglot users’ preferences and behaviors with respect to different multilingual news search interfaces on both desktop and mobile platforms. Specifically, through a set of task-based user studies in laboratory experiments, the key contribution of this article is the presentation of the first human-centered studies in multilingual news search result interfaces, aiming to drive the development of human-centered multilingual news access systems for both desktop and mobile platforms. This contribution includes a detailed analysis of different interface design paradigms, as well as a series of implications for design.

Will the Real Caravelle Manifesto Please Stand Up? A Critique and a New Translation

The Caravelle Manifesto of 1960 is arguably the most famous document ever produced by the political opposition in the Republic of Vietnam. Although domestically censored at the time, a published translation of the manifesto appeared abroad and became the standard version of the document in the English-speaking world. Yet this widely available translation is profoundly flawed. I have located what appears to be the original Vietnamese version, and I authenticate it through internal textual analysis and a comparison with earlier, more obscure translations. I urge scholars to adopt this version as the new standard and offer a more accurate translation.

Greek borrowings and glosses in the translation of "Epitomy" by Constantine Harmenopoulos, made by Epiphanius Slavinetsky

The object of the study was the Greek phrases used in glosses in the Slavic literature of the second half of the XVII century, the subject is their implementation in the translation of the Epitomies by Konstantin Armenopoul, made by Epiphanius Slavinetsky, and the relationship with other works of this scribe. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of Greek phrases in glosses in this translation. Particular attention is paid to the compilation of their own classification of marginalia based on available research. Adapting glosses, foreign-language equivalents to Slavic variants in the main text are considered separately, the characteristics of glossaries are given, the data are compared with the material of lexicons that were used by scribes. The novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of manuscripts not previously considered by scientists in the linguistic aspect. The main results of the analysis are to identify the role played by marginalia in the translation of "Epitomies": some of them are aimed at adapting the text for the reader, some are aimed at bringing the text closer to the original and are due to the Greek orientation of the translator. The description of the specifics of the work of the Moscow reference man with marks also clarifies the methodology of editing and searching for a more accurate translation, and also sheds light on the lexical and grammatical features of translations of the Chudovsky Book School of the second half of the XVII century.

Bilingual Conversion in the Translation of ICH Terms: A Study on the Psychological Processes of Translators.

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) terms are unique expressions of cultural knowledge and practices that are deeply rooted in a particular region or community. Accurately translating ICH terms is crucial for sharing this knowledge and promoting cross-cultural understanding. However, the complex nature of ICH terms, including their regional and cultural specificity, means that mistranslations can easily occur during the translation process. In addition to linguistic and cultural barriers, psychological factors can also impact the accuracy of translations. Translation psychology, a new discipline that examines the psychological process of bilingual conversion and its cognitive mechanisms, can provide insights into the translation of ICH terms. This paper proposes an information processing model of translating ICH terms based on translation psychology, which examines the psychological processes of translators during the translation of Chinese ICH terms into English. Through questionnaires and translation exercises, the study compares and analyzes the psychological activity process of the translators, verifies the expression of translation psychology in the translation of ICH terms, and identifies the characteristics of students' translations. The study's subjects were non-English major sophomores with diverse academic backgrounds, randomly sampled from a representative polytechnic university in Guangdong. The findings of this study are significant for improving the quality of translations and promoting cross-cultural understanding of ICH terms. By understanding the psychological factors involved in the translation of ICH terms, we can overcome language and cultural barriers and accurately convey the rich cultural heritage embodied in these terms.

Retracted: Evaluation of the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Translation Based on Deep Learning

Retracted: Evaluation of the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Translation Based on Deep Learning

Translation Analysis of the News Script on Reporting George Floyd Death in the United States

This article aims examines the translation accuracy and find out some translation techniques on a news script of George Floyd case report in several media. This article uses descriptive qualitative method to analyze translation errors of on the news script and involves the researcher as the primary instrument to gain the data taken from the official website of BBC, CNN Indonesia and TIMES Indonesia and twitter. The data were analyzed in order to investigate and recommend the reporters and readers to understand comprehensively about transferring messages especially on sensitive issue George Floyd Death in the United States considered as a taboo case. Showing by these cases, the translation conducted a different and omission meaning. The result of this article figures out some translation errors those are different meaning or wrong meaning, and omission which tend to cause misperception from the readers. Since, the process of translation in the media definitely affects readers' understanding on how the news reports and it can influence people's actions and assumptions.

Translation for International Publicity News: A Perspective of Cross-Cultural Pragmatics

Under the trend of global integration, international exchanges are becoming more and more thorough, and international publicity of China has been strengthened and expanded. As a powerful tool for international communication, international publicity news has attracted more attention to the selection and use of news content translation methods. Chinese international publicity work has produced great results in recent years, but the good and bad translations are intermingled. Due to the barrier of cross-cultural, “Chinglish” can be found in some translations, which not only impose a negative impact on the external publicity work, but also is not conducive to the objective and correct understanding of China in the world. From the perspective of cross-cultural pragmatics, this paper selects the international publicity news and translation method as the research object. The author makes a systematic study on the C- E (from Chinese to English) translation of publicity news. Based on the study of cross-cultural pragmatics and the characteristics of publicity news, the purpose is to make the original and the target discourses share the same function in communication. Therefore, to achieve effective and accurate publicity news translation and improve the quality in publicity news translation in order to better disseminates the culture in both sides.