Accurate Formulation Research Articles

Understanding Autism as a Condition in Mental Health Clinical Practice: Clinical Perspectives from a Youth Early Psychosis Service.

Autism is a rapidly growing phenomenon, with rates of diagnosed autism in the community rising every decade. Autism and traits of autism are also regularly part of presentation at youth mental health services, including early psychosis services. In early psychosis services young people's symptoms tend to be formulated through a psychosis lens, rather than a neurodevelopmental lens which can lead to unnecessary medicalised treatment, and treatment plans that do not consider the possible impact of neurodiversity. The following paper explores autism and traits of autism in relation to youth early psychosis, examining the complexity in accurate formulation, and the possible impacts for young people. Future directions for how services can address this issue and more effectively tailor treatment to young people are also discussed.

КЕЙКИС-ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ФОРМУЛИРОВАНИЯ И НАПИСАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ КЕЙС-СТАДИ ПО ТЕМАТИКЕ «ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ И МЕСТНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ»

Abstract. The article describes an algorithm (sequence) – one of the elements of an extensive KEYKIS technology, a methodological KEYKIS approach reflecting the Russian practice of consulting managers and teaching at several faculties of the Presidential Academy (Graduate School of Corporate Governance, Institute of Public Administration and Management). The purpose of this article is to give an idea of a powerful toolkit that allows methodologically correct, concise, conceptually accurate formulation and writing of research case stages in the CASE study format. This competence is very rare and in great demand in management, marketing, political science, historical, legal, and financial disciplines, that is, in those subject areas that describe purposeful human activity, often interdisciplinary. The KEYKIS approach is applicable for a holistic systematic study of complex poorly formalized situations, in particular in state and municipal management (GMU). The methodological KEYKIS approach contains more than a hundred ingredient methods that simplify for authors of research case studies on a wide range of management topics the process of writing an author's case, author's self-reflection and iterative correction of a written complex socio-economic text. The approach is convenient for creating conceptual models, compact conceptual visualization for a specific problematic management situation. As a result of the application of these specific research methods, within the framework of the methodological KEYKIS approach, an extensive and constantly replenishing Database of cases of the Presidential Academy (database of Russian management cases on the subject of GMU) was created and legally formalized as a result of intellectual activity. Keywords: methodological KEYKIS approach, public administration, local government, economic research case, formulation technology, economic decision-making.

A new approach to the static bending problem of organic nanoplates

Scientists are growing interested in organic panels because of its effective use in harnessing solar energy for many applications in life and technology. This research used two innovative plate theories to investigate the static bending behavior of organic nanoplates under varying temperature conditions based on analytical solutions, the organic plate consists of five layers of materials including Glass, ITO (indium-doped tin oxide), and PEDOT: PSS (Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: poly styrenesulfonate), P3HT: PCBM (Poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and Aluminum. The captivating feature of this study is in the identification of the equilibrium equation for organic nanoplates, which is dependent only on a single unidentified factor. This is possible because the produced displacement field only shows one component of bending displacement. Furthermore, the temperature parameter is also included, demonstrating the influence of the thermal environment on the bending behavior of the organic plate. The innovative approach used in this work has yielded a distinct and accurate formulation for the motion of the plate, leaving just one variable still to be determined. The accuracy and dependability of this formulation are confirmed by comparing it with established analytical and numerical techniques that have been published. The static bending response of organic panels was influenced by various geometric, material, and temperature characteristics, as shown by a series of numerical findings. The calculation results have shown that the two plate theories used in this study provide comparable outcomes for the bending issue of organic naoplates.

Basic artificial Intelligence tasks in сontext of geological prospecting

The article focuses on the fundamental challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) encountered in multidisciplinary research and methods for addressing them using machine learning and neural networks. The authors emphasize the importance of a systematic approach, which enables accurate problem formulation, especially in poorly formalized domains such as geology and ecology. The study examines key AI tasks, including retrodiction, prediction, search, and design, while proposing solutions such as clustering and regression analysis. Special attention is given to the application of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods, which enhance model interpretability and foster a deeper understanding of complex processes in interdisciplinary studies. The use of holotypic algorithms, which effectively address classification and object recognition tasks based on multidimensional data analysis, is highlighted. The paper underscores the significance of AI in automating and improving the efficiency of scientific research in interdisciplinary fields.

Critical Review of Redefining Diagnostics: The Integration of Laboratory Excellence with Health Administration for Improved Outcomes

The coupling of lab diagnostics with health administration may become the key pivot point for endorsing health care. Combined with accurate policy formulation and supervisors’ monitoring and control, precision diagnostics can improve disease prevention, management, and patients’ clinical outcomes. This paper aims to review the place of laboratories in health care delivery, the advantages of cooperation, and the difficulty of integration. It underlines key insights, worldwide examples, and new trends as to how laboratory information can be used for planning and decision-making in managing healthcare organizations.

Stability Analysis of Jet Fuel-Bioethanol Blends: an Experimental Approach

Incorporating bioethanol into jet fuel blends has garnered increasing attention as a viable strategy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and address environmental issues. This study investigates the influence of different amounts of bioethanol on the stability properties of jet fuel blends. Bioethanol addition to jet fuel causes a steady increase in its freezing point. The alteration has been attributed to the destabilizing effect caused by polar hydrogen bonds in bioethanol on the intermolecular forces. Oxidation stability analysis demonstrates a clear correlation between ethanol content and a swift decrease in pressure resistance. Although pure jet fuel is highly stable, mixes that include bioethanol show much lower stability. This decline highlights the reduced impact of bioethanol on fuel stability and oxidation processes. The simultaneous occurrence of gum formation emphasizes the need for careful formulation strategies to prevent stability problems and system complexities. Moreover, the complex influence of bioethanol on the temperature, stability, and oxidation properties of jet fuel blends highlights the importance of using accurate formulation methodologies to improve aviation fuels.

Nighttime light imagery or mobile phone footprints: Which better reflects urban socio-economics at the grid level? A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China

Traditional socioeconomic censuses rely on manual statistical surveys at the administrative division level, incurring significant costs while also facing the issue of data fabrication. The lack of information at the fine-scale spatial level limits more accurate policy formulation at the local and global levels. Nighttime lights have been proven to reflect human activities and estimate socio-economic indicators. Meanwhile, with the widespread use of smart devices, mobile phone data recorded as sensor data also provide various information about human footprints. This research elucidates the revealing ability of mobile phone footprints (MOB) and nighttime lights (NTL) to estimate various socio-economic indicators at a fine grid scale, establishing them as valuable proxies for understanding complex urban patterns. A comparative analysis within the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China demonstrates MOB's superior capacity in accurately reflecting socio-economic indicators such as population density and gross domestic product (GDP) distribution, effectively mitigating the oversaturation shortcomings of NTL in reflecting socioeconomic conditions. Especially in urban built-up areas, MOB and NTL data synergistically provide a refined depiction of socio-economic conditions, with MOB elucidating urban structure and density, and NTL closely associated with the service sector's footprint. The insights of the study highlight the value of integrating MOB and NTL data to refine the accuracy of socioeconomic indicators, which could be instrumental in the creation of nuanced urban planning and policy interventions. Such data-driven approaches promise to more effectively address socioeconomic inequalities and support sustainable urban development initiatives.

Well-balanced High-order Finite Difference Weighted Essentially Nonoscillatory Schemes for a First-order Z4 Formulation of the Einstein Field Equations

We develop a new class of high-order accurate well-balanced finite difference (FD) weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) methods for numerical general relativity (GR), which can be applied to any first-order reduction of the Einstein field equations, even if nonconservative terms are present. We choose the first-order nonconservative Z4 formulation of the Einstein equations, which has a built-in cleaning procedure that accounts for the Einstein constraints and that has already shown its ability in keeping stationary solutions stable over long timescales. By introducing auxiliary variables, the vacuum Einstein equations in first-order form constitute a partial differential equation system of 54 equations that is naturally nonconservative. We show how to design FD-WENO schemes that can handle nonconservative products. Different variants of FD WENO are discussed, with an eye to their suitability for higher-order accurate formulations for numerical GR. We successfully solve a set of fundamental tests of numerical GR with up to ninth-order spatial accuracy. Due to their intrinsic robustness, flexibility, and ease of implementation, FD-WENO schemes can effectively replace traditional central finite differencing in any first-order formulation of the Einstein field equations, without any artificial viscosity. When used in combination with well-balancing, the new numerical schemes preserve stationary equilibrium solutions of the Einstein equations exactly. This is particularly relevant in view of the numerical study of the quasi-normal modes of oscillations of relevant astrophysical sources. In conclusion, general relativistic high-energy astrophysics could benefit from this new class of numerical schemes and the ecosystem of desirable capabilities built around them.

An accurate and locking-free geometric exact beam formulation on the special orthogonal group SO(3)

An accurate and locking-free geometric exact beam formulation (GEBF) on the special orthogonal group SO(3) is developed for slender beams with large deformations and large rotations. Due to the nonlinear nature of the spatial rotations, the classical GEBFs usually have a non-constant mass matrix and complex expressions of inertia forces; meanwhile, the singularity and locking issues are also key matters of concern. Aiming at resolving these drawbacks, two main contributions are achieved in the present work. First, the angular velocity is independently interpolated, resulting in a constant mass matrix and explicitly representable inertial forces, which can offer significant advantages for efficient dynamic simulations. Second, inspired by the assumed natural strain method in shell theory, the stretch-shear strain is interpolated to obtain simplified and locking-free elastic forces, which is a new attempt to alleviate the locking problems for the GEBFs. In addition, the special orthogonal group SO(3) is utilized for updating incremental rotation vectors to eliminate singularities, and objective strain measurement is achieved by employing relative rotation vector interpolation. The effectiveness and superiority of the developed low-order and high-order elements are demonstrated through numerical simulations of standard benchmark examples. The present work contributes to the advancement of accurate and reliable formulation for slender beams; the constant mass matrix, the locking-free characteristics, and the elegant form of the formulation make it particularly suitable for multibody dynamic analysis.

Advancing gastrointestinal stromal tumor management: The role of imagomics features in precision risk assessment.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) vary widely in prognosis, and traditional pathological assessments often lack precision in risk stratification. Advanced imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), offer potential improvements. This study investigates how MRI imagomics can enhance risk assessment and support personalized treatment for GIST patients. To assess the effectiveness of MRI imagomics in improving GIST risk stratification, addressing the limitations of traditional pathological assessments. Analyzed clinical and MRI data from 132 GIST patients, categorizing them by tumor specifics and dividing into risk groups. Employed dimension reduction for optimal imagomics feature selection from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), and contrast enhanced T1WI with fat saturation (CE-T1WI) fat suppress (fs) sequences. Age, lesion diameter, and mitotic figures significantly correlated with GIST risk, with DWI sequence features like sphericity and regional entropy showing high predictive accuracy. The combined T1WI and CE-T1WI fs model had the best predictive efficacy. In the test group, the DWI sequence model demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.960 with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 100.0%. On the other hand, the combined performance of the T1WI and CE-T1WI fs models in the test group was the most robust, exhibiting an AUC value of 0.834, a sensitivity of 70.4%, and a specificity of 85.2%. MRI imagomics, particularly DWI and combined T1WI/CE-T1WI fs models, significantly enhance GIST risk stratification, supporting precise preoperative patient assessment and personalized treatment plans. The clinical implications are profound, enabling more accurate surgical strategy formulation and optimized treatment selection, thereby improving patient outcomes. Future research should focus on multicenter studies to validate these findings, integrate advanced imaging technologies like PET/MRI, and incorporate genetic factors to achieve a more comprehensive risk assessment.

Phase field thermal shock analysis of rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade using exact shear correction factor

The present work is an attempt to develop a simple and accurate finite element formulation for the thermal shock analysis of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted functionally graded material (FGM) microblade using modified coupled stress theory in conjunction with phase-field and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The physical neural surface is taken as the reference plane and the exact value of the shear correction factor is calculated from the shear stiffness. The elastic properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and the upper ceramic layer is subjected to a high thermal shock whereas the bottom metallic layer is maintained at room temperature or is thermally insulated. The governing differential equation for the present analysis is derived using Hamilton’s principle and Newmark average acceleration method is used to obtain the transient response of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade subjected to thermal shock. The results obtained from the present finite element formulation are first validated with several benchmark examples available in the literature. New results are presented investigating the effect of crack depth, crack location, crack angle, rotational velocity and material scale ratio on the transient response of the cracked rotating porous pretwisted FGM microblade subjected to thermal shock. It is shown here that the parameters like crack depth, crack location and crack angle have a significant influence on the transient response of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade.

Navigating the complexities of post-traumatic stress disorder and its variants

SUMMARY In this issue of BJPsych Advances Siddaway explores the challenges of assessing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD. In this commentary I reflect on those challenges, not least of which is the need for a thorough understanding of different approaches to diagnoses. The very concept of diagnostic classification systems can be problematic, but when used sensitively they can aid communication, assessment and treatment. The relatively new diagnosis of complex PTSD may serve as a more accurate and more useful description of some psychological difficulties, leading to better treatment decisions. Good assessment, leading to accurate diagnosis, useful formulation and effective treatment takes time, and adequate resources should be allocated. Professionals can help patients to make well-informed choices about treatment options and they should offer evidence-based treatments without unnecessary delay.

PSIX-13 Methionine requirements across the life cycle of working Labrador Retrievers using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique

Abstract Methionine is a limiting amino acid in canine diets, but few requirement studies have been conducted across life stages in large-breed dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum requirement (MR) for methionine (Met) in Labrador retrievers at 4 life stages using the indicator amino acid (AA) oxidation (IAAO) technique. In total, 24 dogs were used: 6 puppies aged 10 to 14 wk, 6 puppies aged 14 wk to 9 mo, 6 adults aged 2 to 5 yr, and 6 seniors aged over 8 yr in feeding studies to evaluate the changing requirements of methionine (Met) as canines age. After 2-d adaptation to Met-adequate basal diet (Met = 0.56% dry matter), dogs underwent individual IAAO studies. In brief, all dogs were randomly fed one of six test diets with varying levels of Met ranging from deficient to sufficient (final Met content in experimental diets was 0.1982, 0.2386, 0.279, 0.49, 0.525, 0.56% dry matter, with indispensable amino acids formulated at 1.6x NRC values. Test diet was divided into 13 equal meals; at the 5th meal, a tracer amino acid was supplied (a bolus L-[1-13C]phenylalanine based on body weight was first given, followed by [1-13C]Phe doses every 30 min spanning a 4-h period), and breath samples were collected via respiration mask every 30 min. Total production of 13CO2 during isotopic steady state was determined by enrichment of 13CO2 in breath samples and total CO2 production measured via indirect calorimetry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using segmented linear regression. The Four Rivers mean and population requirements for Met were estimated to be 0.84 ± 0.05 g/1000 kcal (mean ± 2SD) for puppies 10 to 14 wk, 0.78 ± 0.16 g/1,000kcal (mean ± 2SD) for puppies 14 wk to -9 mo, 0.68 ± 0.19 g/1,000kcal (mean ± 2SD) for adults 2 to 5 yr, and 0.62 ± 0.17 g/1,000kcal (mean ± 2SD) for seniors. This research provides important information to assist in accurate formulation of diets that contain appropriate methionine for large breed dogs at all life stages.

Effects of interfacial debonding on the stability of finitely strained periodic microstructured elastic composites.

Predicting failure initiation in nonlinear composite materials, often referred to as metamaterials, is a fundamental challenge in nonlinear solid mechanics. Microstructural failure mechanisms encompass fracture, decohesion, cavitation, compression-induced contact and instabilities, affecting their unconventional static and dynamic performances. To fully take advantage of these materials, especially in extreme applications, it is imperative to predict their nonlinear behaviour using reliable, accurate and computationally efficient numerical methodologies. This study presents an innovative nonlinear homogenization-based theoretical framework for characterizing the failure behaviour of periodic reinforced hyperelastic composites induced by reinforcement/matrix decohesion and interaction between contact mechanisms and microscopic instabilities. Debonding and unilateral contact between different phases are incorporated by employing an enhanced cohesive/contact model, which features a special nonlinear interface constitutive law and an accurate contact formulation within the context of finite strain continuum mechanics. The theoretical formulation is demonstrated using periodically layered composites subjected to macroscopic compressive loading conditions along the lamination direction. Numerical results illustrate the ways in which debonding phenomena, in conjunction with fibre microbuckling, may influence the critical loads of the examined composite solid. The sensitivity of the results obtained through the proposed contact-cohesive model at finite strain with respect to its implementation is also explored. This article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 1)'.

Artificial neural network based model to predict mega cusp characteristics in Hasaki, Japan

Cusps, characterized by a series of horns and embayments, are notable coastal features observed along shorelines in various areas. When the horn-to-horn distances of cusps are substantial, they are referred to as mega cusps. There is a scarcity of measured morphological data for mega cusps, especially long-term data, making it challenging to acquire comprehensive insights. In this study, the morphodynamic characteristics of mega cusps such as mega cusp cross-shore extent and length were analyzed using data collected from Hasaki Beach in Japan over the period of 2007 to 2020. The analysis aimed to address the lack of accurate formulation and numerical models for simulating mega cusp morphological characteristics, which poses another obstacle in mega cusp prediction. To overcome this, different Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed to predict the horn-to-horn and horn-to-embayment distances of mega cusps following storm events. Storm wave parameters, including significant wave height, wave period, and wave direction, along with additional data such as cumulative energy flux and storm event duration, were utilized as input variables for the ANNs. The accuracy of the predicted results was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, which was calculated based on a comparison with field data. The findings of this study demonstrated that the inclusion of significant wave height, wave period, wave direction, cumulative energy flux, and storm duration in the ANNs yielded satisfactory accuracy in predicting mega cusp characteristics. Overall, this investigation contributes to advancing our understanding of beach mega cusp dynamics and offers a viable approach for predicting mega cusp characteristics by utilizing artificial neural networks and incorporating relevant storm wave parameters.

Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah

The purpose of this research is to find out the integration of Islamic values in mathematics learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah. This study uses a library research method or library research, literature study is a research method that utilizes library sources as a source in research activities. The data collection technique used in this literature research is to look for data on matters or variables in the form of notes, books, papers, or articles and journals. After the data is collected, content analysis is carried out to get the right and accurate conclusion formulation. Data analysis consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study found several discussions regarding the Definition of Integration of Islamic Values, Mathematics Learning, Principles of Knowledge Integration, Strategies for the Integration of Islamic Values in Mathematics Learning, and Integration of Islamic Values in Mathematics Learning. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of Islamic values in the mathematics learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah initially felt difficult to implement. Especially for mathematics subjects that have a lot to do with numbers, formulas, and geometric construction, it will feel easy to apply if we as educators always try to find gaps to instill Islamic religious values in classroom learning

Experimental analysis and modeling of gas turbine engine performance: Design point and off-design insights through system of equations solutions

In this article, a systematic approach is presented for simulating turbojet engine performance at both design and off-design points. The construction of gas turbine engines involves a core, with additional components added based on the proposed methodology. Accurate formulation of component characteristics and their matching forms the basis for the system of equations needed for solving off-design engine performance. The developed algorithm's initial step involves comparing results with experimental data obtained from 230 N engines. Experimental testing utilizes a 780 N engine under diverse operating conditions, allowing determination of thrust values, fuel consumption, and outlet gas temperatures. An engine characteristic curve is derived under static conditions at ground level and validated against ground test results in Tehran. Unknown parameters are calibrated using a dedicated model, enabling the extraction of engine performance parameters across different corrected speeds. These results are then compared with GasTurb outputs. Comparative analysis between the proposed model's simulation and experimental data demonstrates high accuracy, affirming the reliability of the presented model.

Hierarchical planning-scheduling-control — Optimality surrogates and derivative-free optimization

Planning, scheduling, and control typically constitute separate decision-making units within chemical companies. Traditionally, their integration is modelled sequentially, but recent efforts prioritize lower-level feasibility and optimality, leading to large-scale, potentially multi-level, hierarchical formulations. Data-driven techniques, like optimality surrogates or derivative-free optimization, become essential in addressing ensuing tractability challenges. We demonstrate a step-by-step workflow to find a tractable solution to a tri-level formulation of a multi-site, multi-product planning-scheduling-control case study. We discuss solution tractability-accuracy trade-offs and scaling properties for both methods. Despite individual improvements over conventional heuristics, both approaches present drawbacks. Consequently, we synthesize our findings into a methodology combining their strengths. Our approach remains agnostic to the level-specific formulations when the linking variables are identified and retains the heuristic sequential solution as fallback option. We advance the field by leveraging parallelization, hyperparameter tuning, and a combination of off- and on-line computation, to find tractable solutions to more accurate multi-level formulations.

Stability of Beam Bridges Under Bridge-Vehicle Interaction

In this paper, we provide an accurate and reliable formulation for simulating the interactions of both train/bridge subsystems and suitable for high-speed railway lines as well as for existing lines worldwide that are being renewed or modernized. We model the train as a series of suspended masses, taking into account the energy dissipation and the suspension system for each train vehicle. On the other hand, the bridge supporting the rails with irregular elevations will be modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The mathematical formulation of the interaction problem between the two subsystems requires the writing of two sets of equations, which interact with each other through contact forces. Using a one-dimensional finite element formulation, a series of equations are constructed by Modeling the beam structure. In addition, the suspended mass equations are first discretized using Newmark's finite difference formulas, which then reduce the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the vehicle to those of the bridge element. This solves the coupling problem between the two subsystems. The derived component is known as the vehicle/bridge interaction (VBI) element. On the other hand, an iterative procedure will be used subsequently to solve the non-linearity problem of the resulting system of differential equations. MATLAB programs provide results that identify the critical parameters influencing the bridge's dynamic stability.

High-order accurate transient and free-vibration analysis of plates and shells

The limited availability of analytical solutions and the high cost associated with experimental testing motivate the use of computational tools to assess the dynamic behavior of load-bearing components, especially when a wide design space must be explored, as is often the case with composite structures. In this context, a novel high-order accurate discontinuous Galerkin formulation for transient and free-vibration analysis of multilayered plates and shells is presented and numerical validated. The starting point of the formulation is a generalized structural theory for multilayered shells with arbitrary curvature based on the expansion of the displacement covariant components throughout the shell thickness. The variational statement of three-dimensional elastodynamics allows deriving the strong form of the governing differential equations, which form the basis to obtain the corresponding discontinuous Galerkin weak statements. As the order of the through-the-thickness expansion and the order of the discontinuous Galerkin basis functions are free parameters, the proposed approach allows tuning the order of accuracy of the computed solution throughout both the shell thickness and the shell modeling domain. Numerical results are reported and discussed for several validation test cases in terms of h- and p-convergence analyses, demonstrating the high-order accuracy, robustness, and computational savings of the formulation.