Accurate Code Research Articles

Modeling of embedded and edge cracks in steel alloys by XFEM

This work aims at the modelling and simulating of the embedded and edge cracks in steel alloys by employing extended finite element method. Unlike FEM where the crack growth modelling is cumbersome due to the conformal meshing and mesh refinement, this technique allows modelling of all types of discontinuities independent of the mesh. Appropriate functions called enrichment functions are included to the standard FEM approximations so as to accommodate the influence of different discontinuities present in the domain. The level set method has been employed to keep track of discontinuities. The stress intensity factors have been obtained by employing the domain based interaction integral approach. Accurate and effective MATLAB codes have been developed on XFEM to model various types of cracks in engineering materials. Finally some numerical problems have been solved by the extended finite element method to reveal the capabilities of the proposed approach in modelling fracture mechanics problems.

A Recommendation Approach Based on Bayesian Networks for Clone Refactor

Reusing code fragments by copying and pasting them with or without minor adaptation is a common activity in software development. As a result, software systems often contain sections of code that are very similar, called code clones. Code clones are beneficial in reducing software development costs and development risks. However, recent studies have indicated some negative impacts as a result. In order to effectively manage and utilize the clones, we design an approach for recommending refactoring clones based on a Bayesian network. Firstly, clone codes are detected from the source code. Secondly, the clones that need to be refactored are identified, and the static and evolutions features are extracted to build the feature database. Finally, the Bayesian network classifier is used for training and evaluating the classification results. Based on more than 640 refactor examples of five open source software developed in C, we observe a considerable enhancement. The results show that the accuracy of the approach is larger than 90%. We believe our approach will provide a more accurate and reasonable code refactoring and maintenance advice for software developers.

XFEM modeling of frictional contact between elliptical inclusions and solid bodies

In this paper, the Extended Finite Element Method has been employed to model and simulate the frictional contact between elliptical inclusion and solid bodies. The penalty approach has been used for imposing contact constraints in order to model frictional contact between two solid bodies. For modeling contact behaviour between two solid bodies, an appropriate enrichment function in form of Heaviside jump function is employed for enrichment of classical standard approximate solution. Gaussian integration technique is employed for the numerical integration of the weak formulation. Accurate and efficient MATLAB codes have been developed on XFEM to model frictional contact between elliptical inclusion and solid bodies. Finally, numerical problems for contact between elliptical inclusion and rectangular bodies are solved using XFEM and the results obtained by the proposed approach show the strength and efficiency of XFEM in modeling frictional contact problems.

Cohesion Intensive Deep Hashing for Remote Sensing Image Retrieval

Recently, the demand for remote sensing image retrieval is growing and attracting the interest of many researchers because of the increasing number of remote sensing images. Hashing, as a method of retrieving images, has been widely applied to remote sensing image retrieval. In order to improve hashing performance, we develop a cohesion intensive deep hashing model for remote sensing image retrieval. The underlying architecture of our deep model is motivated by the state-of-the-art residual net. Residual nets aim at avoiding gradient vanishing and gradient explosion when the net reaches a certain depth. However, different from the residual net which outputs multiple class-labels, we present a residual hash net that is terminated by a Heaviside-like function for binarizing remote sensing images. In this scenario, the representational power of the residual net architecture is exploited to establish an end-to-end deep hashing model. The residual hash net is trained subject to a weighted loss strategy that intensifies the cohesiveness of image hash codes within one class. This effectively addresses the data imbalance problem normally arising in remote sensing image retrieval tasks. Furthermore, we adopted a gradualness optimization method for obtaining optimal model parameters in order to favor accurate binary codes with little quantization error. We conduct comparative experiments on large-scale remote sensing data sets such as UCMerced and AID. The experimental results validate the hypothesis that our method improves the performance of current remote sensing image retrieval.

Operative procedure code (OPCS) consistency and its implication on theatre efficiency at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham

Introduction Theatre efficiency is monitored at our Trust using two main outcomes: booking efficiency (percentage of available theatre time requested) and productivity (percentage of allocated theatre time used). Both outcomes incorporate surgical operative and non-surgical (anaesthetic, recovery, turnaround) time. Operative times represent median durations for surgeons performing similar procedures. The validity of this benchmark depends on surgeons submitting accurate and concordant procedure codes.

PND125 PREGABALIN PRESCRIBING IN PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SETTINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH SPECIFIC FOCUS ON DOSAGES

Pregabalin is registered in South Africa for post-herpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic polyneuropathy in adults. The primary aim of the study was to analyse the prescribing patterns and cost of pregabalin with the focus on dosages. A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on a South African medical insurance administrator database for 2018. All products in ATC group N03AX16 were analysed. A total of 726 patients (54.41% males) were prescribed 1888 pregabalin products. The average age of patients was 50.38 (SD=13.59) years. Two trade name products were prescribed (the originator and one generic), and both were available in capsules in strengths of 25 mg, 75 mg and 150 mg. The originator accounted for 72.83% of prescription volume. The 75 mg capsules of the originator product was prescribed the most (44.92% of prescriptions), followed by the 25 mg capsule of the originator. The average Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) was 73.44 mg. Most prescriptions were dispensed by pharmacies (57.10%), followed by hospitals (32.10%). Smaller quantities were prescribed in hospitals. If only pharmacy prescriptions were considered, the average PDD of pregabalin in the 464 patients was 89.36 (SD= 67.38) mg. The most popular specific PDD was 75 mg, followed by 150 mg. Pregabalin is used for different indications, also often off-label. Similarly, a wide variation of dosages were prescribed. In pharmacies, a PDD of 75 mg was the most popular dose. The importance of accurate diagnosis codes in electronic databases to enable dosage linking cannot be overemphasised.

Accurate and Scalable Cross-Architecture Cross-OS Binary Code Search with Emulation

Different from source code clone detection, clone detection (similar code search) in binary executables faces big challenges due to the gigantic differences in the syntax and the structure of binary code that result from different configurations of compilers, architectures and OSs. Existing studies have proposed different categories of features for detecting binary code clones, including CFG structures, n-gram in CFG, input/output values, etc. In our previous study and the tool BinGo , to mitigate the huge gaps in CFG structures due to different compilation scenarios, we propose a selective inlining technique to capture the complete function semantics by inlining relevant library and user-defined functions. However, only features of input/output values are considered in BinGo . In this study, we propose to incorporate features from different categories (e.g., structural features and high-level semantic features) for accuracy improvement and emulation for efficiency improvement. We empirically compare our tool, BinGo-E , with the pervious tool BinGo and the available state-of-the-art tools of binary code search in terms of search accuracy and performance. Results show that BinGo-E achieves significantly better accuracies than BinGo for cross-architecture matching, cross-OS matching, cross-compiler matching and intra-compiler matching. Additionally, in the new task of matching binaries of forked projects, BinGo-E also exhibits a better accuracy than the existing benchmark tool. Meanwhile, BinGo-E takes less time than BinGo during the process of matching.

Design of a Self-Controlled Dual-Oscillator-Based Supply Voltage Monitor for Biofuel-Cell-Combined Biosensing Systems in 65-nm CMOS and 55-nm DDC CMOS.

A supply voltage monitor (SVM) with self-controlled dual-oscillator-based architecture is proposed herein for biosensing systems combined with a biofuel cell (BFC) in this paper. The output of the BFCs can be used to monitor the biological signals while powering the BFC-combined biosensing systems. Thus, the SVM is designed to convert the change in the supply voltage (V DD) into a code. The architecture of the proposed SVM allows self-controlled periodic operation without external signals. Furthermore, the frequency subtraction technique that uses two oscillators employing gate-leakage-based architecture with different frequency sensitivities to V DD allows accurate code generation with low power consumption and a small circuit area for supply voltage monitoring. The proposed SVM is fabricated using two different CMOS process technologies, including 65-nm CMOS and 55-nm deeply depleted channel (DDC) CMOS. The implementation of the 65-nm CMOS obtains an operating V DD range of 250mV (0.75-1V), draws a standby power consumption of 1.4 nW at 0.75-V V DD, exhibits a resolution of 2.4mV with a nonlinearity error of -8.4/ +12.1mV, and occupies a circuit area of 0.0047mm2. Meanwhile, the implementation of the 55-nm DDC CMOS for low-voltage operation achieves an operating V DD range of 300mV (0.225-0.525V), draws a standby power consumption of 32.5 nW at 0.25-V V DD, exhibits a resolution of 0.94mV with a nonlinearity error of -15.2/ +14mV, and occupies a circuit area of 0.0032mm2.

Keakuratan Kode Diagnosis Penyakit Berdasarkan ICD-10 pada Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan Di Puskesmas

An accurate diagnostic code is required to achieve the goal of the classification system for disease diagnosis, one of which is the recording of mortality and morbidity data. Based on preliminary study of 7 samples of medical records in health centers Kagok, get results 2 medical records (28.57%) there is an accurate diagnosis and diagnostic code and 4 medical records (57.14%) there is an inaccurate diagnosis and diagnosis code, while 1 medical record (14.29%) no diagnosis. The purpose of this research is to determine the accuracy of the disease diagnosis code based on ICD-10 in the outpatient medical record in health centers Kagok. This study used a quantitative descriptive research with cross sectional research design. The number of samples on this study was 98 medical records of outpatient patients, taken with a proportional stratified sampling method. The results showed that the medical record was diagnosed as much as 57 medical records (58%) while the unwritten diagnosis is as much as 41 medical record (42%). From 57 medical records that have been diagnosed, there are only 18 medical records (32%) with accurate code and 39 medical records (68%) with inaccurate code. The officers of the Diagnosis Code no one has the educational background of the medical record, never participated in special training on coding ICD-10, and did not use the facilities in the health centers in the form of an electronic ICD-10 in giving code diagnosis.

Numerical Results for Linear Sequential Caputo Fractional Boundary Value Problems

The generalized monotone iterative technique for sequential 2 q order Caputo fractional boundary value problems, which is sequential of order q, with mixed boundary conditions have been developed in our earlier paper. We used Green’s function representation form to obtain the linear iterates as well as the existence of the solution of the nonlinear problem. In this work, the numerical simulations for a linear nonhomogeneous sequential Caputo fractional boundary value problem for a few specific nonhomogeneous terms with mixed boundary conditions have been developed. This in turn will be used as a tool to develop the accurate numerical code for the linear nonhomogeneous sequential Caputo fractional boundary value problem for any nonhomogeneous terms with mixed boundary conditions. This numerical result will be essential to solving a nonlinear sequential boundary value problem, which arises from applications of the generalized monotone method.

Singularity formation as a wetting mechanism in a dispersionless water wave model

The behavior of a class of solutions of the shallow water Airy system originating from initial data with discontinuous derivatives is considered. Initial data are obtained by splicing together self-similar parabolae with a constant background state. These solutions are shown to develop velocity and surface gradient catastrophes in finite time and the inherent persistence of dry spots is shown to be terminated by the collapse of the parabolic core. All details of the evolution can be obtained in closed form until the collapse time, thanks to formation of simple waves that sandwich the evolving self-similar core. The continuation of solutions asymptotically for short times beyond the collapse is then investigated analytically, in its weak form, with an approach using stretched coordinates inspired by singular perturbation theory. This approach allows to follow the evolution after collapse by implementing a spectrally accurate numerical code, which is developed alongside a classical shock-capturing scheme for accuracy comparison. The codes are validated on special classes of initial data, in increasing order of complexity, to illustrate the evolution of the dry spot initial conditions on longer time scales past collapse.

Maximum Mass of Differentially Rotating Strange Quark Stars

Abstract We present the first fully relativistic numerical calculations of differentially rotating strange quark stars models for broad ranges of the maximum density and of the degree of differential rotation. Our simulations are performed with the very accurate and stable multi-domain spectral code FlatStar and use the MIT Bag model for describing strange quark matter. Our calculations, based on a thorough exploration of the solution space, show that the maximum mass of strange stars depends on both the degree of differential rotation and a type of solution, similar to neutron stars. The highest increase of the maximum mass (compared to the value for a non-rotating star) is obtained for models with a low degree of differential rotation. This highest mass is over four times larger than that of the equivalent non-rotating configuration. Comparing our results with calculations done for realistic models of neutron stars, we conclude that for small degrees of differential rotation, strange stars can sustain masses much larger than stars made from nuclear matter, which reinforces the hope of demonstrating, or of ruling out, the existence of strange matter through observation of the gravitational waves, gamma-rays, or neutrinos of the massive material object born from the merger of a compact binary system or during some supernova events.

Processing of the multigroup cross-sections for MCNP calculations

Stochastic Monte Carlo (MC) neutron transport codes are widely used in various reactorphysics applications, traditionally related to criticality safety analyses, radiation shielding and validation of deterministic transport codes. The main advantage of Monte Carlo codes lies in their ability to model complex and detail geometries without the need of simplifications. Currently, one of the most accurate and developed stochastic MC code for particle transport simulation is MCNP. To achieve the best real world approximations, continuous-energy (CE) cross-section (XS) libraries are often used. These CE libraries consider the rapid changes of XS in the resonance energy range; however, computing-intensive simulations must be performed to utilize this feature. To broaden ourcomputation abilities for industrial application and partially to allow the comparison withdeterministic codes, the CE cross section library of the MCNP code is replaced by the multigroup (MG) cross-section data. This paper is devoted to the cross-section processing scheme involving modified versions of TRANSX and CRSRD codes. Following this approach, the same data may be used in deterministic and stochastic codes. Moreover, using formerly developed and upgraded crosssection processing scheme, new MG libraries may be tailored to the user specific applications. For demonstration of the proposed cross-section processing scheme, the VVER-440 benchmark devoted to fuel assembly and pip-by-pin power distribution was selected. The obtained results are compared with continues energy MCNP calculation and multigroup KENO-VI calculation.

Experimental Validation of Multipactor Effect for Ferrite Materials Used in L- and S-Band Nonreciprocal Microwave Components

This paper reports on the experimental measurement of power threshold levels for the multipactor effect between samples of ferrite material typically used in the practical implementation of L- and S-band circulators and isolators. For this purposes, a new family of wideband, nonreciprocal rectangular waveguide structures loaded with ferrites has been designed with a full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool. The design also includes the required magnetostatic field biasing circuits. The multipactor breakdown power levels have also been predicted with an accurate electron tracking code using measured values for the secondary electron yield (SEY) coefficient. The measured results agree well with simulations, thereby fully validating the experimental campaign.

1672-P: Identifying Type 1 Diabetes in Electronic Medical Records Data in Ontario: A Validation Study

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data are an efficient method for constructing large type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohorts but are limited by availability of accurate diagnosis codes. We sought to derive an algorithm for identifying T1D using Electronic Medical Records - Primary Care (EMRPC) also known as EMRALD, a database including records from >300,000 primary care patients in Ontario, Canada. A 25% random sample of adults with diabetes and at least 1 year of records in EMRPC prior to September 30, 2015 formed the reference cohort. Charts of potential T1D cases (those on insulin±metformin) were abstracted; all others were classified as non-T1D. Algorithms were derived using variables from free-text searches (diagnosis terms in the Cumulative Patient Profile (CPP)) and standardized fields (medications, age, BMI) using 1)a priori combinations of variables; 2)classification and regression tree analysis (CART). Algorithms were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) with adjustment for optimism for CART. Of 21,547 eligible patients with diabetes, the reference cohort was 5407: 4968 non-abstracted non-T1D, 240 abstracted non-T1D and 199 T1D. The prevalence of T1D was 3.7%. The optimal algorithm using a priori variable combinations was T1D diagnosis in the CPP + rapid-acting insulin (sensitivity 69.3% (95% CI 62.4-75.7%), specificity 99.8% (99.6-99.9), PPV 92.6% (87.2-96.3), NPV 98.8% (98.5-99.1)). CART partitioned on T1D diagnosis in the CPP, any insulin, and non-metformin oral hypoglycemic medications and improved performance with optimism-adjusted sensitivity of 77% (72.0-83.9), specificity 99.8% (99.8-100.0), PPV 96.8% (94.6-99.6), and NPV 99.1% (98.9-99.4). Simple algorithms using EMR variables yielded good diagnostic performance for identification of T1D and CART further improved performance. Pending additional validation these algorithms can be applied to study large T1D cohorts in EMR databases. Disclosure A. Weisman: None. J. Young: None. M. Kumar: None. P. Austin: None. K. Tu: None. L. Jaakkimainen: None. L. Lipscombe: None. G. Booth: None. Funding Diabetes Action Canada

Systematic study of accuracy of wall-modeled large eddy simulation using uncertainty quantification techniques

The predictive accuracy of wall-modeled large eddy simulation is studied by systematic simulation campaigns of turbulent channel flow. The effect of wall model, grid resolution and anisotropy, numerical convective scheme and subgrid-scale modeling is investigated. All of these factors affect the resulting accuracy, and their action is to a large extent intertwined. The wall model is of the wall-stress type, and its sensitivity to location of velocity sampling, as well as law of the wall’s parameters is assessed. For efficient exploration of the model parameter space (anisotropic grid resolution and wall model parameter values), generalized polynomial chaos expansions are used to construct metamodels for the responses which are taken to be measures of the predictive error in quantities of interest (QoIs). The QoIs include the mean wall shear stress and profiles of the mean velocity, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the Reynolds shear stress. DNS data is used as reference. Within the tested framework, a particular second-order accurate CFD code (OpenFOAM), the results provide ample support for grid and method parameters recommendations which are proposed in the present paper, and which provide good results for the QoIs. Notably, good results are obtained with a grid with isotropic (cubic) hexahedral cells, with 15 000 cells per δ3, where δ is the channel half-height (or thickness of the turbulent boundary layer). The importance of providing enough numerical dissipation to obtain accurate QoIs is demonstrated. The main channel flow case investigated is Reτ=5200, but extension to a wide range of Re-numbers is considered. Use of other numerical methods and software would likely modify these recommendations, at least slightly, but the proposed framework is fully applicable to investigate this as well.

Open-Source Hardware Platforms for Smart Converters with Cloud Connectivity

This paper presents the design and hardware implementation of open-source hardware dedicated to smart converter systems development. Smart converters are simple or interleaved converters. They are equipped with controllers that are able to online impedance match for the maximum power transfer. These conversion systems are particularly feasible for photovoltaic and all renewable energies systems working in continuous changing operating conditions. Smart converters represent promising solutions in recent energetic scenarios, in fact their application is deepening and widening. In this context, the availability of a hardware platform could represent a useful tool. The platform was conceived and released as an open hardware instrument for academy and industry to benefit from the improvements brought by the researchers’ community. The usage of a novel, open-source platform would allow many developers to design smart converters, focusing on algorithms instead of electronics, which could result in a better overall development ecosystem and rapid growth in the number of smart converter applications. The platform itself is proposed as a benchmark in the development and testing of different maximum power point tracking algorithms. The designed system is capable of accurate code implementations, allowing the testing of different current and voltage-controlled algorithms for different renewable energies systems. The circuit features a bi-directional radio frequency communication channel that enables real-time reading of measurements and parameters, and remote modification of both algorithm types and settings. The proposed system was developed and successfully tested in laboratory with a solar module simulator and with real photovoltaic generators. Experimental results indicate state-of-art performances as a converter, while enhanced smart features pave the way to system-level management, real-time diagnostics, and on-the-flight parameters change. Furthermore, the deployment feasibility allows different combinations and arrangements of several energy sources, converters (both single and multi-converters), and modulation strategies. To our knowledge, this project remains the only open-source hardware smart converter platform used for educational, research, and industrial purposes so far.

From Context to Code: Information Transfer Constrains the Emergence of Graphic Codes.

Humans commit information to graphic symbols for three basic reasons: as a memory aid, as a tool for thinking, and as a means of communication. Yet, despite the benefits of transmitting information graphically, we still know very little about the biases and constraints acting on the emergence of stable, powerful, and accurate graphic codes (such as writing). Using a reference game, where participants play as Messengers and Recipients, we experimentally manipulate the function of the task (communicative or non-communicative) and investigate whether this shapes the emergence of stable, powerful, and accurate codes for both synchronous and asynchronous modes of information transfer. Only in the Dialogue condition, where Messenger and Recipient are two different persons communicating within the same time frame (i.e., synchronously), do we consistently observe the emergence of stable, powerful, and accurate graphic codes. Such codes are unnecessary for participants in Recall, where Messenger and Recipient are the same person transferring information within the same time frame, and they fail to emerge in Correspondence, where Messenger and Recipient are two different persons communicating across time frames (i.e., asynchronously). Lastly, in the Mnemonic condition, where Messenger and Recipient are the same person at different points in time, participants achieve high accuracy but with codes that are suboptimal in terms of power and stability. Our results suggest that the rarity and late arrival of stable, powerful, and accurate graphic codes in human history largely stems from strong constraints on information transfer. In particular, we suggest that these constraints limit a code's ability to reach an adequate tradeoff between information that needs to be explicitly encoded and information that needs to be inferred from context.

Discrete Hashing with Multiple Supervision.

Supervised hashing methods have achieved more promising results than unsupervised ones by leveraging label information to generate compact and accurate hash codes. Most of the prior supervised hashing methods construct an n × n instance-pairwise similarity matrix, where n is the number of training samples. Nevertheless, this kind of similarity matrix results in high memory space cost and makes the optimization time-consuming, which make it unacceptable in many real applications. In addition, most of the methods relax the discrete constraints to solve the optimization problem, which may cause large quantization errors and finally leads to poor performance. To address these limitations, in this paper, we present a novel hashing method, named Discrete Hashing with Multiple Supervision (MSDH). MSDH supervises the hash code learning with both class-wise and instance-class similarity matrices, whose space cost is much less than the instance-pairwise similarity matrix. With multiple supervision information, better hash codes can be learnt. Besides, an iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to directly learn the discrete hash codes instead of relaxing the binary constraints. Experimental results on several widely-used benchmark datasets demonstrate that MSDH outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.

Four α-particles as a final state of 16O* Quasi Projectile decay

Four α-particles as a final state of 16O* quasi-projectile decayproduced in peripheral 16O+12C reactions at 130 MeV is thoroughly studied. The differentdecay channels leading to the four α-particles final state are reconstructed by carrying out an event-by-event analysis of α correlations in the population of intermediate 8Be and 12C. Although small, a non negligible contribution due to 8Begs evaporation is found.A comparison between predictions of an accurate Hauser-Feshbach decay code and branching ratios of the different decay channels is performed. Significant deviations are observed, among these the Hoyle state population which is considerably lower than the one predicted according to the statistical model, thus suggesting possible structure effects in the Coulomb barrier and/or in the transmission coefficients.