Transmission Accuracy Research Articles

Research on Influence Mechanism of Transmission Accuracy for Harmonic Drive Mechanism Considering Multi-factor Coupling

The influence mechanism of transmission accuracy for harmonic drive mechanism considering multi-factor coupling was studied. According to analysis of influence factors of transmission accuracy for harmonic drive mechanism, it was obtained that the transmission errors of harmonic drive mechanism include processing errors and installation errors. The transmission error is produced by eccentric vector, it directly affects the rotation angle of output shaft and it makes harmonic drive mechanism produce backlash. Then analyze the movement error caused by the rigid wheel machining error, the flexible wheel machining error, the assembly error of the rigid wheel and the flexible wheel, the wave generator component, and the comprehensive expression method of motion error generated by each error source was obtained. The performance test device of space drive mechanism was used to test, and the law of the transmission accuracy of harmonic drive mechanism with temperature, speed and assembly clearance was obtained. The test results show that the transmission accuracy of harmonic drive mechanism decreases with increasing temperature, and the speed has little effect on the transmission accuracy of harmonic drive mechanism; the assembly quality has a significant impact on harmonic drive accuracy.

Analysis of the influence of a solenoid magnetic field in the azimuth transmission system

A solenoid magnetic field plays an important role in a non-line-of-sight azimuth transmission system based on polarization-maintaining fiber, which is directly related to the transmission accuracy of azimuth information. This research mainly studies the factors that affect the solenoid magnetic field according to the modulation signal from the direct current to the alternating current, as well as the hollow solenoid. First, the magnetic field components of the static solenoid are derived from the Biot–Savart law by using the uniform cylindrical current equivalent model. Then, the magnetic field of the near axial region is studied from the axial and radial directions, and the feasibility of calculating the magnetic field of the multi-layer solenoid with the superposition principle is verified by measuring the magnetic field of each position on the axis of the solenoid with a Gauss meter. Finally, the alternating electromagnetic field model is established using Maxwell’s equations, and the magnetic and electric fields of the hollow solenoid are further solved. The results show that the magnetic field in the middle part of the magneto-optic glass is more stable, and the magnetic collecting ability of the solenoid is stronger. The magnetic field intensity at the center of the magneto-optic modulation solenoid of the system is the largest, and it decreases with the distance from the center. The alternating electromagnetic field is closely related to frequency. The results provide a reference for the study of the azimuth accuracy of a non-line-of-sight azimuth transmission system.

Overview of Robotic Reducer Testing Technology

As a high-performance precision reduction transmission equipment with large transmission ratio, high transmission efficiency, high transmission accuracy, stable transmission and low noise, reducer has been widely used in many fields such as industrial robots. The definition of the reducer is studied, the development history of the reducer is briefly introduced, and the classification and characteristics of the reducer are summarized, including traditional reducer, RV reducer, harmonic planetary reducer and cycloid reducer, A new generation of reducer and influencing factors such as transmission accuracy, transmission efficiency, backlash, torsional stiffness, noise, and assembly. The problem of precision reducer is analyzed, and finally the application and development trend of reducer are studied.

Mathematical models of water surface for geodetic support of construction in agro-industrial complex

The purpose of the study was to analyze the possibilities of using mathematical models of the water (level) surface of rivers and reservoirs for the transfer of elevations. The use of an empirical mathematical model obtained for the Irtysh River near the city of Omsk makes it possible to determine the heights in the investigated area with an accuracy of about 0.1 m. To determine the level of the water edge at the selected area, it is necessary to obtain: the mark of the water edge at the gauging station; the distance along the river from the gauging station to the work site. It is advisable to fix the water level at the gauging station and the work site simultaneously. For the elevation transfer from one river bank to another by the III class leveling program, the authors propose the technology of laying temporary benchmarks on the banks, fixing the level using special devices, and transferring the elevations of the fixed water level to temporary benchmarks. The technology contains the devices of simple design for accurate level fixing. The factors influencing the accuracy of the height transmission are: fixing the water level, the centrifugal forces of the flow, the Coreolis force caused by the rotation of the Earth, and the wind surge. The authors calculated the expected values of errors determining the accuracy: for fixing the level it was about 1 mm according to the proposed method; the height difference at the banks due to the forces of Coreolis was 0.007 m; the influence of centrifugal forces at a turning radius of 500 m causes a difference in heights at opposite banks of 0.1 m. In the result, the authors proposed the recommendations developed for transferring heights from one river bank to another using a class III leveling program, which ensure the specified accuracy.

Information Transmission Scheme between Train and RBC Based on AES-ECC Algorithm

The existing information encryption scheme between the Radio Block Center (RBC) and the ground has problems such as weak keys, and the vehicle-ground information has a potential threat of being stolen. In order to ensure the safety of driving, on the basis of ensuring the correct transmission of train and ground information, research on more efficient encryption schemes has become the focus of work. In response to this trend, a hybrid encryption scheme based on AES and ECC encryption algorithms is proposed. The AES algorithm replaces the original 3DES algorithm, and the elliptic curve encryption algorithm ECC is used to encrypt the session key to improve the encryption security level. The encryption simulation, avalanche effect verification and execution efficiency test of fixed-length data are completed on Visual Stduio 2013 platform, and compared with the original encryption scheme. The results show that the scheme can meet the avalanche effect and the accuracy of data transmission, and it takes less time than the original encryption scheme, and is more suitable for two-way large-capacity information transmission between vehicles and ground.

Extend Disturbance Observer of Backlash-Based Robust Sliding-Mode Control

The backlash by the hysteresis between the input and the output is always present in the inertial stabilized platform, which will seriously affect the dynamic performance of the platform system at low speed. So, the backlash has been paid more and more attention for the use in the inertial stabilized platform. To handle such a situation, extend disturbance observer (EDOB) has a high advantage to compensate the disturbance caused by backlash. However, some research studies show that the observation effect for some fast time-varying disturbances is satisfactory, which will strict limits on the rate of change in disturbance and still hamper its application; consequently, this paper proposes a sliding-mode-based extend disturbance observer (SMEDO) to compensate backlash. By well-designed sliding-mode surface, it is unnecessary to measure the whole state and the lack of robustness against unmatched uncertainties of the resulting controller, and the robustness and accuracy of modified disturbance observer can be enhanced. Experiments were carried out on a DSP-based platform with backlash in the pitch shafting. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the SMEDO scheme has an improved performance with the dynamic performance and shafting transmission accuracy compared with the traditional methods.

An analytical study of (Smart Tennis Sensor) technical data and its relationship to the serving accuracy of wheelchair tennis players.

The study aimed to describe and analyze the technical data (Smart Tennis Sensor) for transmission accuracy in wheelchair tennis players and to identify the relationship between the technology data (Smart Tennis Sensor) and transmission accuracy in wheelchair tennis players. The researchers used the descriptive method of analysis and associative relationships . The research sample was selected from players with a local classification registered with the Wheelchair Tennis Association for the year (2020) in the intentional manner of (8 players) representing (25%) of the research community with a weight (63.8+1.26) kg, a height (171.2+1.09) meters, and an age (29.7+1.39) years. The researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) to obtain the results of the research through: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage law, torsion coefficient, and simple correlation coefficient. The results of the research showed a correlation between Smart Tennis Sensor data and transmission accuracy in wheelchair tennis players .The researchers recommended the adoption of this technique during training for wheelchair tennis players as this information gives instant feedback to the variables of each stroke and thus guide the player to the best performance

ظاهرة التحری فی النقل عند النحویین واللغویین

يعنى هذا البحث بدراسة ظاهرة تحري النحويين واللغويين في النقل ودقتهم في ذلک، وقد رصد مظاهرها المتمثلة في عدد من الظواهر کضبط النص، وعزوه إلى مصدره، وذکر نوعه، وتتبع روايات الشاهد الواحد. مع بيان القيمة العلمية والآثار المترتبة على هذه الظاهرة، المتمثلة في الحد من التصحيف أو التحريف، وتصحيح الأخطاء في العزو ونسبة الکتب لمؤلفيها، وبيان مدى الاحتجاج بأنواع من المسموعات، وتأثير اختلاف الروايات في الاحتجاج، مع بيان قيمتها في استشعار العلماء المتقدمين بأهمية التحري في النقل. This research paper studies the phenomenon of investigation and the search for accuracy in transmission among grammarians and linguists. It observes its manifestations in several ways, such as textual vocalization, the attribution of a text to its source, mention of the type of the source, and the tracing of the narratives of a single quotation. This is in addition to a consideration of the scientific value of this phenomenon and its attendant results, such as control of textual distortion, precision in the attribution of works to their proper authors, the extent to which different sorts of oral narratives were advanced as arguments, the effect of disagreement of narratives on arguments advanced, and an account of their value as illustrations of early scholars’ awarenesss of the importance of the search for accuracy in transmission.

Assessing the Complexity of Intelligent Parks’ Internet of Things Big Data System

Today, intelligence in all walks of life is developing at an unexpectedly fast speed. The complexity of the Internet of Things (IoT) big data system of intelligent parks is analyzed to unify the information transmission of various industries, such as smart transportation, smart library, and smart medicine, thereby diminishing information islands. The traditional IoT systems are analyzed; on this basis, a relay node is added to the transmission path of the data information, and an intelligent park IoT big data system is constructed based on relay cooperation with a total of three hops. Finally, the IoT big data system is simulated and tested to verify its complexity. Results of energy efficiency analysis suggest that when the power dividing factor is 0.5, 0.1, and 0.9, the energy efficiency of the IoT big data system first increases and then decreases as α0 increases, where the maximum value appears when α0 is about 7 J. Results of outage probability analysis demonstrate that the system’s simulation result is basically the same as that of the theoretical result. Under the same environment, the more hop paths the system has, the more the number of relays is; moreover, the larger the fading index m, the better the system performance, and the lower the outage possibility. Results of transmission accuracy analysis reveal that the IoT big data system can provide a result that is the closest to the actual result when the successful data transmission probability is 100%, and the parameter λ values are between 0.01 and 0.05; in the meantime, the delay of successful data transmission is reduced gradually. In summary, the wireless relay cooperation transmission technology can reduce the outage probability and data transmission delay probability of the IoT big data system in the intelligent park by adding the multihop path, thereby improving the system performance. The above results can provide an experimental basis for exploring the complexity of IoT systems in intelligent parks.

Multipath resilient routing for endogenous secure software defined networks

SDN improves the flexibility and programmability of the network. However, malicious attacks caused by potential vulnerabilities and backdoors can easily lead to data and rule tampering in the network. To address this problem, this paper proposes an endogenous secure SDN network framework based on multipath resilient routing (MRR). MRR includes multipath comparing forwarding, multipath weighted forwarding, and multipath random forwarding. The framework ensures the correctness of flow rules and data content by dynamically comparing the consistency of multi-heterogeneous path data within a certain period, and multipath can also achieve load balance by weighted forwarding. In the MRR framework, we also present an intermediate information feedback mechanism based on encryption authentication and give a mathematical model to evaluate it. This mechanism can accurately identify and dynamically repair malicious switches. Simulation evaluation and prototype system test show that this framework can achieve high accuracy of flow transmission and high availability of system. At the same time, multipath comparing forwarding will bring some performance costs such as delay, bandwidth, and jitter at initial and attacking time. However, when the appropriate forwarding mode and reasonable period T are selected, the proportion of delay introduced by comparing and ruling can be less than 10%, and the average bandwidth of mixed forwarding is almost the same as traditional multipaths', such as we can guarantee 25% multipath comparing forwarding when the bandwidth requirement is 250 M in prototype system.

Computation efficient sparse DNN nonlinear equalization for IM/DD 112 Gbps PAM4 inter-data center optical interconnects

In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sparse deep neural network-based nonlinear equalizer (SDNN-NLE). By identifying only the significant weight coefficients, our approach remarkably reduces the computational complexity, while still upholding the desired transmission accuracy. The insignificant weights are pruned in two phases: identifying the significance of each weight by pre-training the fully connected DNN-NLE with an adaptive L2-regularization and then pruning those insignificant ones away with a pre-defined sparsity. An experimental demonstration is conducted on a 112 Gbps PAM4 link over 40 km standard single-mode fiber with a 25 GHz externally modulated laser in O-band. Our experimental results illustrate that, for the 112 Gbps PAM4 signal at a received optical power of -5dBm over 40 km, the proposed SDNN-NLE exhibits promising solutions to effectively mitigate nonlinear distortions and outperforms a conventional fully connected Volterra equalizer (VE), conventional fully connected DNN-NLE, and sparse VE by providing 71%, 63%, and 41% complexity reduction, respectively, without degrading the system performance.

Research on Informatics System and Practice Prospects Based on Artificial Intelligence Mathematical Algorithm

Based on the background of artificial intelligence, this paper uses the 8∼13Hz synchronization/desynchronization principle of C3 and C4 channels related to mathematical model algorithm events to design a set of virtual information control model system based on LabVIEW mathematical algorithm platform. In the mathematical information operation model, the EEG signal is filtered and feature extracted by using a digital band-pass filter and power spectrum estimation to control the direction of signal transmission. Experiments show that this mathematical algorithm can achieve the control accuracy of signal transmission, laying a foundation for building a completer and more complex signal system on the LabVIEW platform.

Social media and the COVID-19 pandemic: The dilemma of fake news clutter vs. social responsibility

This article examines the relationship between fake news and social media as increasingly important sources of news, at a time when mainstream media no longer have exclusive control over news production and dissemination. It has been evident that few media outlets and professionals tend to draw conflicting news about COVID-19 from social media feeds, which are largely produced by common citizens with mostly no journalism training. This pervasive use makes social media key sources to scores of media outlets for news, whether it is related to COVID-19 or public affairs issues, even though it is susceptible to torrents of credibility and accuracy issues. As a result, of the overwhelming spread of fake news on coronavirus, which is contributing to framing events from several angles, media professionals are now obliged to track and vet information circulating on social media. Due to the scale of disinformation spreading on the Web, it has become imperative that the credibility and accuracy of news is thoroughly verified. Media organizations have already been putting in place various mechanisms to monitor false news. This article will attempt to identify and assess these monitoring efforts in the Arab world. For this purpose, I have put together a list of Arab observatories launched on the internet in order to monitor fake news circulating in relation to COVID-19, and to discuss their methods of monitoring work, in the context of mobilization carried out by governments and many organizations such as the World Health Organization. This article is pinned down on social responsibility approach which helps pave the way the different propositions to combat fake news and avoid abuses in social media uses. This article proposes an evaluation of the monitoring initiative via-a-vis fake news and proposes a set of guidelines for improving the work of such monitoring bodies. Hence, this research reveals that social media outlets have diversified their goals to match the power of the conventional media in disseminating information and bringing up issues for debate. However, in the light of the framework of social responsibility, social media actors have to constantly develop a set of ethical practices to be observed by users, establish codes of conduct regulating content production, and lay down a code of integrity to assure accuracy in news and information transmission.

Algorithm Design of Translation Accuracy Correction for English Translation Softwares

With the development of economic globalization, English is needed in more and more different cases in people’s daily life, and so is English translation. Traditional English software translation mainly depends on machine, which on the one hand facilitates people’s life, while on the other hand it also has some disadvantages. For example, translation errors are characterized by iterative transmission, weak logic and low accuracy. Traditional machine translation has been unable to meet people’s demand for both speed and quality, so it can no longer meet people’s needs. Therefore, this paper puts forward the design of translation accuracy correction algorithm for English translation softwares. First of all, an in-depth research on the traditional English translation methods, such as lexical semantic translation and phrase translation, are conducted with the method of documentation. Then, a dependency tree to string model and log linear model are established. Finally, the BLEU value and NIST value of the three translation softwares as well as the translation accuracy before and after algorithm correction is compared and analyzed. The conclusion shows that the highest accuracy of English translation before correction is only 75.6%, while the lowest accuracy is as high as 98.7% after the algorithm is adopted in this paper. The difference of accuracy between the two shows that the effectiveness of the correction system in this paper makes an outstanding contribution.

Optimization analysis of football match prediction model based on neural network

How to build a football match prediction model and use scientific methods to solve the prediction problem has become a key point in the application of artificial intelligence in the sports industry. In this paper, we choose a BP neural network model that is powerful in processing nonlinear data to perform research. According to the demand, this paper constructs a gray fuzzy prediction model based on neural network, a gray extreme learning machine prediction model, and a gray fuzzy extreme learning machine prediction combination model based on neural network. Moreover, this paper tests the neural network model by comparing actual results with predicted results. In addition, by predicting and analyzing the football league data, this article tests the three models in terms of match result prediction accuracy, data processing speed, data transmission accuracy, match analysis scores, etc., and uses statistical analysis methods to process data, and uses intuitive statistical graphs to obtain the processing results. The research results show that the gray fuzzy extreme learning machine prediction combination model based on neural network constructed in this paper can retain the advantages of a single model and effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model and the performance of the system.

Joint Clustering and Blockchain for Real-Time Information Security Transmission at the Crossroads in C-V2X Networks

The cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) networks support diverse kinds of services, such as traffic management, road safety, and sharing data. However, the safety issues cannot be ignored in the process of information transmission. In this article, a joint clustering and blockchain scheme is proposed for real-time information security transmission to prevent some vehicles from sending malicious messages to disrupt the traffic order at the crossroads in C-V2X networks. In this scheme, the dynamic stability of the cluster is maintained by updating the trust value of the vehicle nodes, which can improve the real time and accuracy of the information transmission. The modified Webster algorithm is presented to divert the traffic flow so as to reduce the traffic jams at the crossroads. Meanwhile, the blockchain technology is utilized to establish a vehicle trust management mechanism in C-V2X, which can avoid malicious tampering of vehicle information during information sharing and ensure the safety of vehicle information communication. The simulation results of the Veins simulation platform are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and verify that the proposed scheme can guarantee the security of real-time information transmission.

Constructing virtual backbone with guaranteed routing cost in Wireless Sensor Networks

The advantages of Wireless Sensor Networks can not only compensate for the limitation of the traditional monitoring technology, but also greatly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. In data transmission, it is necessary and important to consider the construction of virtual backbone (VB) to improve efficiency and stability. In this paper, we focus on the problem of constructing VB with the goal of guaranteeing the routing cost based on VB and minimizing the size of VB. We firstly give the formal definition of our problem, the Minimum Virtual Backbone with Guaranteed Routing Cost (MVB-GRC). To solve MVB-GRC problem, we propose an algorithm, 3-Color Classifying, to clarify all the nodes’ roles in the constructed VB with three colors. And it is proved that the routing cost based on the obtained VB by our algorithm is no more than 4 times as the minimum cost, and the size of VB has a upper bound about the size of the minimum connected dominating set. To evaluate the performance, the extensive simulation experiments are conducted and analyzed in terms of the construction cost and the routing cost.

Experimental estimation of efficiency and kinematic accuracy of a spherical roller transmission

Spherical roller transmissions with double-row pinions provide high reduction ratios in drives with a compact and lightweight design. The transmissions can be used as mechanical modules in kinematic chains of robots and manipulators. The pinion has two rows of coaxially arranged rollers and, when in operation, performs a regular precession. The paper examines the characteristics of an experimental model of a speed reducer with a spherical roller transmission with a reduction ratio of 44. The arrangement of the test rig as well as the test instruments and methods are described. The results of experimental study determining the efficiency of a spherical roller transmission depending on the torque being transmitted and the rotational speed of the drive shaft are presented. It has been found that the mean efficiency of the speed reducer is within the range of 0.7 … 0.8 and its maximum value is 0.81, which corresponds to the efficiency of worm gears with similar characteristics. The theoretical calculations for determining the efficiency, which were obtained in previous studies, have been confirmed; the value of the reduced friction coefficient has been calculated. The constancy of the efficiency and the reduction ratio of the experimental model of the speed reducer and the factors influencing this constancy have been investigated.

Three-dimensional tooth profile design method of harmonic drive considering the deformation difference of the flexspline

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the meshing effect of the gear teeth. It is recommended to analyze the deformation difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the flexspline. The purpose of this paper is to modify the profile of the flexspline based on the deformation difference to improve the transmission accuracy and operating life of the harmonic drive.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, ring theory is used to calculate the deformation difference of the inner and outer surfaces of the flexspline, and the actual tooth profile of the flexspline is corrected based on the deformation difference. Then, the flexspline is divided into multiple sections along the axial direction, so that the three-dimensional tooth profile of the flexspline is modified to improve the gear tooth meshing effect.FindingsThis paper proves the effect of the deformation difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the flexspline on the tooth backlash, which affects the transmission accuracy and life of the harmonic drive. It is recommended to modify the tooth profile of the flexspline based on the deformation difference, so as to ensure the tooth meshing effect.Originality/valueThis paper provides a new way for the optimization of the three-dimensional tooth profile design of the harmonic drive.

Modeling of fibrous tow transmission considering residual strain and friction

This study established a mechanical model based on the mechanical properties of fibrous tows and their force of interaction with spools. The proposed model not only describes the hysteresis, nonlinear elastic, and viscoelastic stress components, but also analyzes the effect of residual strain on aramid fiber mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of the interaction force between the fiber and spool on the transmission accuracy should be considered. Contrary to the conventional view, hysteresis is caused not only by internal sliding among molecules and molecular chains but also by friction between the fibers and spools. To assess this effect, several monotonous and cyclic tensile tests were conducted, with the results showing that the maximum relative error of the mechanical model did not exceed 5%. The proposed mechanical model can help designers determine effective carrying ranges and predict the fiber mechanical behavior, thereby laying a foundation for achieving nonlinear control of the fibrous tow transferring load.